Landscape and Urban Planning最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 exposure risk: An assessment framework based on residents’ travel behavior using mobile phone data","authors":"Chenyi Song ,&nbsp;Zihao Chen ,&nbsp;Wentao Yan ,&nbsp;Yuting Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure assessment is a crucial method for evaluating the impact of environmental pollution on human health. However, existing methodological frameworks for air pollution exposure risk assessment have failed to adequately integrate individual mobility patterns and environmental media, and encounter limitations in performing macro-scale evaluations and spatially mapping outcomes. To address these limitations, this study proposes a dynamic exposure risk assessment framework that incorporates individual travel behavior using mobile phone data at a macro scale, building upon two novel indicators—travel aggregation and travel regularity. The proposed framework provides innovative insights into how residents’ travel behaviors affect specific spatial exposure risks. We assessed PM_2.5 exposure risk in Shanghai, examining its spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dominant influencing factors. The results indicated that travel activity characteristics significantly affected the spatial distribution of PM_2.5 exposure risk during peak travel periods. In the morning, PM_2.5 exposure was highly correlated with travel regularity, while high PM_2.5 concentration and high travel aggregation further increased the exposure risk. High Exposure Risk Areas (HERAs) accounted for 29% of the total area, mainly distributed in central urban districts, major transportation corridors, and industrial clusters. We also found that dominant factors and built environment conditions of HERAs varied across locations, leading to the proposal of differentiated planning and governance strategies to address particular exposure problems. This study’s framework incorporates residents’ travel behavior into assessing air pollution exposure risk in specific spaces at a macro scale, providing decision support for air quality management and healthy urban planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105501"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying multi-decadal urban growth using Hexagon spy satellite imagery and deep learning building detection across four global cities","authors":"Franz Schug ,&nbsp;Neda K. Kasraee ,&nbsp;Akash Anand ,&nbsp;MacKenzy T. Groth-Price ,&nbsp;Mihai D. Nita ,&nbsp;Afag Rizayeva ,&nbsp;Volker C. Radeloff","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Datasets capturing building distribution, size, function, and arrangement are essential for creating sustainable and resilient settlements. This is because building patterns directly affect human well-being, environmental conditions, and climate change. Remote sensing excels at accurately mapping building data. However, large-scale analyses often rely on medium-resolution satellite imagery, which lacks building-level detail, and multispectral high-resolution satellite imagery, capable of detecting individual buildings, is limited by the absence of data before 2000 when many world regions experienced rapid urban growth. Here, we evaluated the potential of high-resolution panchromatic Hexagon spy satellite imagery from the 1970s to map urban growth. We employed a Mask R-CNN deep learning model to detect building footprints in Hexagon imagery from 1972 to 1979 across four urban growth hotspots: San Diego County (USA), Madison (USA), Harare (Zimbabwe), and Hyderabad (India). Our model achieved high precision (0.83–0.91) and detected 73–94 % of the total building area at each site. However, recall, indicating higher false negative rates, was lower in in complex, dense urban environments (0.51–0.57 in Harare and Hyderabad) compared to more standardized US settlements (0.71–0.77). By comparing our data to contemporary building data, we found considerable urban structural changes and urban expansion reaching 350 % in our USA sites and 482 % in Harare. Despite lower accuracy than modern high-resolution analyses, our approach using Hexagon data extends the baseline for historic urban studies by three decades and is available globally, thus enabling mapping up to half a century of urban growth well before the availability of modern high-resolution satellite imagery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105500"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian urban planners’ preparedness to act on climate change","authors":"Anna C. HURLIMANN,&nbsp;Sareh MOOSAVI,&nbsp;Alan MARCH,&nbsp;Judy BUSH,&nbsp;Georgia WARREN-MYERS","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use and development patterns have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and on managing the risk that climate change poses. Thus, urban planners play a critical role in addressing climate change, working with diverse built environment actors such as landscape architects. However, research indicates that while urban planners know about climate change, their self-perceived skills and competence are limited. This paper seeks to understand the preparedness of Australian urban planners to act on climate change (both mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change impacts). Through in-depth interviews with 23 diverse Australian urban planners, preparedness to act on climate change is explored using Moser and Luers’ AAA climate change preparedness theory: <strong>A</strong>wareness of climate change; <strong>A</strong>nalytical capacity to address climate change; and <strong>A</strong>ctions taken to address climate change. Most respondents were able to identify climate change risks (awareness). Climate change risks were being assessed (analytical capacity) at a minimum through planning policy and tools informed by flood modelling and other risk assessments. In more progressive practice, planners draw upon internal or external climate change expertise beyond the planning system tools. The most frequently stated action taken by respondents to address climate change was the development of policies and strategies within their own organisation – from development of climate adaptation plans by those working in government, to organisational sustainability plans for those in the private sector. Results indicate the urban planning system is at times a facilitator of climate change action. A proportion of respondents were only exposed to climate change information, analytical capacity and actions due to planning tools. A framework of climate change preparedness was developed, demonstrating examples of low to high preparedness observed across respondents. The paper identifies characteristics of urban planning cliamte change front-runners, and suggests ways to progress climate change action through urban planning practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105486"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-national comparison of the restorative potential of urban forests in different seasons","authors":"Xiaohao Yang ,&nbsp;David Grace ,&nbsp;Chongxian Chen ,&nbsp;Derek Van Berkel ,&nbsp;Nathan Fox ,&nbsp;Mark Lindquist","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how people perceive environmental features is important for designing restorative and inclusive landscapes. While landscape perception is known to affect psychological responses, how this varies with cultural background and seasonal change is less well known. This study investigated whether and how culture affects the restorative potential of urban forests in different seasons via an online experiment using 360-degree videos recorded in summer and fall. Environmental characteristics were extracted from visible vegetation of images, acoustic metrics were computed based on sound recordings, and landscape spatial features were analyzed through viewshed analysis with LiDAR-derived digital models. Restorative potential was elicited from 104 participants in 12 randomly selected sites within forest, field, and water site types. Results from linear mixed-effects models show restorative potential depends upon cross-national differences in response to seasonal change and landscape attributes of greenness, foreground depth, and horizontal area, highlighting the need to consider the cultural contexts of present and future users in planning, designing, and managing urban forests for restorativeness. Restorative potential was lower in fall scenes with larger horizontal area for Chinese participants compared to Americans, whereas it increased more steeply with greenness for Chinese participants. Addressing the need for restoration in urban forests, we discuss considerations for balancing vegetation and landscape spatial attributes based on the cultural characteristics of multiple visitor groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105491"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of plant form barriers and naturalness on visitors’ perceptions to park landscapes: a study of interactions between safety, privacy and preference","authors":"Aleksandra Lis","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety is often considered a priority when designing and maintaining urban parks. The need for privacy is much less frequently considered in this context, although the chance to seek out quiet places in a park may be an important motivation for visiting and may help to meet the social needs of city dwellers. Therefore, it is worth conducting research on people’s feelings and preferences, whereby the two variables of privacy and safety are examined simultaneously.</div><div>This study examined how the features of plant forms in a city park (the type of barriers they create and the naturalness of the plants) simultaneously affect sense of safety, privacy and preference, as well as the mechanism of the relationships between these three variables.</div><div>This study was based on intra-group factorial design, where respondents assessed park spaces presented in photos. The photos were manipulated based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms, as a result, 16 photos were devised according to the research plan: 2 (scene: with a path vs without a path) × 2 (naturalness: natural vs sculpted) × 4 (barriers; screen vs hideout vs functional barrier vs no barrier). The study, conducted in the form of an online survey using the CAWI (computer assisted web interview) method, involved 300 participants. Statistical analyses examined variance (repeated measures ANOVA) and mediating effects (mediation).</div><div>It was found that naturalness and barriers have different (opposite) effects on privacy and safety: in general, naturalness reduces safety and increases privacy, while barriers act in this way: the stronger the barrier, the greater the privacy and the weaker the sense of safety. Testing two mediation models (more precisely: suppression) confirmed that the positive impact of sense of privacy on preference is inhibited by sense of safety and vice versa – the positive impact of sense of safety on preference is inhibited by sense of privacy.</div><div>This research demonstrates that within the tested spatial features (barriers, naturalness), it is not possible to shape a space that simultaneously provides a high sense of privacy and safety. However, in places featuring plant barriers, sculpting greenery may strengthen the sense of safety while maintaining the privacy offered by the plant cover.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105494"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of geographically informed ecological momentary assessment studies on the place-based correlates of mental health, substance use and wellbeing","authors":"Ronja Christensen ,&nbsp;Charlotte Constable Fernandez ,&nbsp;Noémie Topalian ,&nbsp;Laura Vaughan ,&nbsp;Kimon Krenz ,&nbsp;Alexandra Pitman ,&nbsp;Anne-Kathrin Fett","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Place characteristics are associated with mental health and wellbeing, yet mechanisms and pathways are not well understood. Geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) is a real-time data collection method that captures individuals’ experiences and behaviours in their natural environments, minimising recall bias and enhancing ecological validity. Previous reviews have underscored the feasibility of GEMA studies to deliver important insights on relationships between mental health and wellbeing and place. This systematic review provides a narrative synthesis of the existing GEMA literature on place-based correlates of mental health and wellbeing in daily life. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase, using a systematic search strategy to identify relevant English-language studies that used EMA and geographical information to assess place and mental health, wellbeing and/or substance use and their relationship. Studies were included if either the exposure (place) or outcome (mental health, substance use or wellbeing) was assessed in the moment. We identified 33 eligible studies. Eleven focused on nature exposure, 19 on built environment characteristics, and three studies on ambient characteristics. Place-based factors were assessed through various objective and subjective indicators (e.g. Global Positioning System signal, descriptions of nature sounds or noise levels). Regardless of study methodology, exposure to nature was consistently associated with better mental health and higher wellbeing, with small to moderate effect sizes. Specific urban characteristics were linked to poorer mental health and increased substance use. Despite much heterogeneity in study methodologies, our results suggest that EMA in conjunction with geographical information can advance the understanding of the place-mental health and wellbeing nexus. Although these findings reinforce well-established associations, relatively few GEMA studies have examined how place-based exposures influence mental health over time, limiting the ability to infer causal mechanisms. We discuss implications for urban planning, policy making and mental health and wellbeing support through place-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105487"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenspace exposure and its dual role as mediator and moderator in the relationship between urban density and mental health","authors":"Liu Hongxiao ,&nbsp;Pang Yujin ,&nbsp;Jiao Min ,&nbsp;Sun Xiao ,&nbsp;Ren Hai ,&nbsp;Luo Le ,&nbsp;Han Taotao ,&nbsp;Li Yuan ,&nbsp;Zheng Shanwen ,&nbsp;Sui Chunhua","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between urban density, urban green space (UGS) exposure, and mental health remains complex and understudied, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities notably characterized by high-density development. Based on a survey of 824 respondents in Guangzhou, China, this study advanced prior research by systematically unraveling the dual roles of UGS exposure: UGS visitation played as a mediator and UGS availability served as a moderator in the urban density–mental health nexus—a critical gap in existing literature. Our key findings indicated that: (1) Urban density exhibited context-dependent effects: its impacts on three mental health indicators (depression, life satisfaction and sense of worthwhilenss) hinged on UGS availability. (2) Visiting community gardens, municipal parks, and waterfront UGS was particularly effective in reducing depression risk, enhancing life satisfaction, and fostering a sense of worthwhileness, respectively. Engaging with communal gardens and municipal parks was positively associated with all three mental health outcomes. The effects of UGS visitation on mental health surpassed those of UGS availability and urban density. (3) Crucially, we revealed a dual mechanism: UGS visitation fully mediated the adverse effects of high density on mental health, while UGS availability moderated this relationship, mitigating negative impacts of high urban density. These findings provide novel empirical evidence for optimizing UGS planning: increasing UGS and its visitation can reduce the negative mental health impacts of high urban density and prioritizing communal gardens and municipal parks is advisable, given their positive effects on three mental health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105497"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical regulation of thermal stress by canopy structure in urban forests: The role of species composition","authors":"Jia Jia ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yunlong Yao ,&nbsp;Sungmin Lee ,&nbsp;Robert D. Brown ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Jing ,&nbsp;Yalin Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhibin Ren ,&nbsp;Xingyuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forest canopies serve as effective thermal buffers, yet their potential to mediate human heat stress through structural complexity remains underexplored. This study quantified canopy height, heterogeneity, and diversity characteristics, and examined their relationships with mean radiant temperature (T_mrt) across tree species with distinct cooling capacities. It further evaluated the overall cooling effects of forest community structure using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) combined with Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS), and identified key structural thresholds influencing thermal regulation under varying levels of species compositional diversity via a segmented GAM. We found that: (1) Tree species with varying cooling performance differed by 1.43 °C in cooling intensity (mean T_mrt) and 0.013 in cooling stability (CV of T_mrt), with T_mrt in Strong–Stable performers exhibiting significant negative correlations with canopy height and vertical heterogeneity (r = –0.35 to –0.69, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001); (2) Overall T_mrt variation across communities was primarily driven by canopy height, with the NMDS axis explaining 30.9 % of the variation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Heterogeneity characteristics, as indicated by mean outer canopy height, top rugosity, and canopy relief ratio, accounted for 27.9 %, while diversity characteristics contributed less (11.6 %); (3) With increasing species compositional variability, the structural response of T_mrt shifted from being dominated by a single factor to a coordinated regulation by multiple structural characteristics. In high-variability communities, mean height, top rugosity, canopy relief ratio, and vegetation area index jointly influenced T_mrt, with the model explaining 53.8 % of its variation. This study sheds light on the dynamic role of tree canopy structures in regulating thermal stress, offering insights for microclimate-responsive urban landscape design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105495"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory mapping with young people: Advancing on procedural justice","authors":"Romina RODELA ,&nbsp;Sofia LUNDMARK ,&nbsp;Emma NORSS","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the role of young people in urban planning through the lens of procedural justice, focusing on their engagement and participation in research seeking to further youth use and perception of public space. Conducted in Huddinge Municipality, Sweden, the research involved youth as co-researchers in participatory mapping exercises to document their spatial preferences and experiences. Findings highlight the importance of inclusive urban planning that recognizes young people as legitimate stakeholders. Liked spaces were often those that supported social interaction, physical activity, and autonomy, while disliked spaces in the municipality were those the young respondents associate with fear and feelings of discomfort. This study casts a perspective on the need for planning practices that accommodate diverse youth perspectives and promote equitable access to public spaces. Despite challenges in institutional uptake, the research demonstrates the potential of youth participatory methods to inform our understanding and practice for advancing towards more just and responsive urban governance. This work contributes to ongoing debates on spatial justice and the inclusion of marginalized groups in urban decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105492"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning open and green spaces in Europe: Examining the importance of land-use regulations and their pursuit of efficiency and equity objectives","authors":"Daniels Saakjans ,&nbsp;Simona R. Gradinaru ,&nbsp;Anna M. Hersperger","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Open and green (O&amp;G) spaces are central to sustainable, liveable and safe urban environments. As they are able to deliver many interconnected benefits within city constraints, O&amp;G spaces are commonly used to promote public well-being, protect natural habitats, control pollution, mitigate natural hazards, and more. Despite their importance, O&amp;G spaces are increasingly under pressure in densifying areas with growing urban populations. This calls for a better understanding of the land-use regulations responsible for their provision, protection and management. As a cornerstone of local planning in Europe, these regulations are crucial for sustainable urban management, which can benefit from the systematic analysis of their importance and objectives. Here, we use an online expert survey across 30 European countries to analyse the importance of local land-use regulations in the planning and permission-granting process and the extent to which they pursue efficiency and equity objectives. We form six groups of O&amp;G space regulations for the study, based on their focus: (1) nature preservation, (2) pollution, (3) hazard mitigation, (4) safety, (5) availability and (6) access. Results show a clear order of importance among the groups, with nature preservation being the main regulatory concern. We observe an overall balanced pursuit of efficiency and equity in Europe, with some regulation groups focusing on efficiency over equity and vice versa. Nonetheless, significant variation in this balance emerges among countries. These findings are expected to provide an empirical basis for much-needed theory development and future comparative research on land-use regulations and O&amp;G spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105489"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}