New Microbiologica最新文献

{"title":"Detection of an O1 Vibrio cholerae Strain in the Blood of a Patient with Acute Cholangitis: A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Wanling Zhou, Xiaofei Fu, Yuanhang Wang, Zelin Xiang, Ping Li, Miaomiao Jia, Guoying Zhu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening condition commonly caused by bacterial infections of the biliary tract. Here, we present an unusual case of acute cholangitis caused by Vibrio cholerae in a 76-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and post-cholecystectomy who presented with upper abdominal pain, jaundice, and fatigue. Lab results showed elevated inflammatory markers and bilirubin. Imaging revealed gallstones and bile duct dilation. Blood cultures isolated non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, which was highly susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The patient was successfully treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin, along with supportive care. His symptoms resolved, and subsequent cultures were negative. This case highlights a rare instance of non-cholera Vibrio cholerae causing acute cholangitis and bacteremia in an elderly patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"49 1","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple-site venous thromboembolism in acute toxoplasmosis: report of two cases.","authors":"Ingrid Reffo, Sergio Venturini, Michele Domini, Astrid Ganss, Manuela Avolio, Giovanni Del Fabro, Lina Barbara Dota, Giovanni Roselli Della Rovere, Silvia Grazioli, Carlo Grendene, Giovanna Dettori, Federica Zannier, Giancarlo Basaglia, Fabio Canal, Massimiliano Balbi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venous thrombosis triggered by infection (immunothrombosis) is increasingly recognized during viral infections, but it can also occur in bacterial and parasitic infections. Reports of systemic thromboembolism during acute toxoplasmosis are exceptional, usually linked to pre-existing risk factors. We describe two adults with multisite venous thrombosis later diagnosed with primary Toxoplasma gondii infection. The first case was a healthy adult with fever and pulmonary embolism and splanchnic thrombosis. Serology indicated a primary T. gondii infection, and T. gondii DNA was detected in a lymph node showing Piringer-Kuchinka lymphadenitis. The second case involved an immunocompromised adult with fever, seizures, cerebral infarction, cerebral venous sinus and jugular thrombosis, and splanchnic thrombosis. T. gondii serology confirmed recent infection, and Toxoplasma DNA was retrieved in blood. Anticoagulation therapy was administered to both, with specific treatment initiated in the second case due to multi-organ involvement and an impaired immune state. Our findings provide new insights into the association between venous thromboembolism and acute toxoplasmosis and support adding T. gondii testing for febrile patients with unexplained venous thrombosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"49 1","pages":"71-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of VITEK® 2 AST-XN21, CHROMID® Colistin Agar, and Reference Broth Microdilution for Colistin Susceptibility Testing in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella spp.","authors":"Fatih Mehmet Akıllı, Çiğdem Yazar Yılmaz, Beste Akıllı, Mustafa Ulukanlıgil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid and accurate testing of colistin resistance is of paramount importance for the effective management of gram-negative infections in workflow laboratories. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercial VITEK®2 AST-XN21 cards and ChromID media via the reference Diagnostics MIC-COL method. Colistin susceptibility testing was conducted on 72 nonduplicate isolates using Diagnostics MIC-COL as the reference method, in comparison with the VITEK®2 AST-XN21 card and ChromID agar. The colistin resistance rate was 37.5% (27/72) according to the Diagnostics MIC-COL (Klebsiella spp. 34.4% (n=10), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) 39.5% (n=17)), whereas the VITEK®2 AST-XN21 card resistance rate was 41.3% (n=12) for Klebsiella spp. and 48.8% (n=21) for A. baumannii. The VITEK®2 AST-XN21 card was CA 91.6%, and the very major error (VME) and major error (ME) rates for all the isolates were 1.38% (n=1) and 6.9% (n=5), respectively. A. baumannii isolates were CA (37/43) 86%, VME (1/43) 2.3% and ME (5/43) 11.6% with XN21 cards. For Klebsiella spp., CA (29/29) was 100%, whereas ME and VME were not detected. The CA was 94.4% (68/72) for ChromID medium, 93% (40/43) for A. baumannii and 96.5% (28/29) for Klebsiella spp. These results indicated that the CHROMID medium is an appropriate method for the screening of colistin resistance. Nevertheless, it is imperative to exercise caution when interpreting the results of a commercial automated VITEK®2 AST-N21 card for colistin susceptibility testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"49 1","pages":"50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TYK2 as a therapeutic target for COVID-19: Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Shaohua Xu, Jiwu Kong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the potential effects of Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibition on COVID-19 outcomes was explored by assessing the causal association of the expression of TYK2 and COVID-19 outcomes with a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and colocalization analysis. The MR analysis showed that the increase in gene expression of TYK2 was associated with a higher risk of critical illness COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection with inverse-variance weighted method. The mediation analysis showed that the increased risk of COVID-19 by TYK2 expression is partly mediated by the increased C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) levels. The study provided suggestive evidence that TYK2 inhibition reduces the risk of COVID-19, and proposed TYK2 as a drug target for COVID-19 treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 4","pages":"350-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bloodstream infection isolates of patients hospitalised in a tertiary care centre in western Turkey.","authors":"Gamze Altan, Yeliz Özdemir, Gülfem Ece, Mevlüt Yıldırım, EmineDeniz Bayram","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to evaluate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of microorganisms isolated from blood cultures of patients hospitalised in intensive care units and wards of our hospital over a 2-year period, in light of European antimicrobial resistance data and country surveillance data. Blood cultures sent to the microbiology laboratory from the wards and intensive care units of our hospital between December 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated from the hospital automation system. The identification and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were done by the Phoenix 100 system (Becton Dickinson, USA). The results of antibiotic susceptibility were evaluated according to the criteria of the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The blood culture results of 872 patients with pathogenic bacterial growth in their blood cultures were examined and evaluated. Taking into account World Health Organisation (WHO) surveillance reports, it appears that our hospital's antimicrobial resistance rates were higher than those reported by our country's data. Resistance profiles vary from country to country, city to city, and even among different hospitals in the same city. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, even at the hospital level, will contribute to programs to combat antimicrobial resistance both across the country and all around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 4","pages":"334-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Case of Campylobacter jejuni Bacteremia in a Pediatric Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Clinical Management, Pathophysiology, and Public Health Implications.","authors":"Abdurrahman Gülmez, Hüseyin Avni Solgun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide; however, systemic infections such as bacteremia remain rare, particularly in immunocompetent individuals. This case report presents a rare instance of C. jejuni bacteremia in a 12-year-old girl undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), emphasizing the increased vulnerability of immunocompromised pediatric patients. The patient was admitted with febrile neutropenia, mucositis, and diarrhea. Blood cultures taken at admission signaled positive after 90 hours, and the isolate was identified as C. jejuni using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed sensitivity to erythromycin, which led to successful treatment and recovery following a 10-day antibiotic course. The case illustrates the pathophysiological role of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and mucosal barrier damage in facilitating bacterial translocation and systemic infection. It also highlights diagnostic challenges due to the fastidious nature and slow growth of the organism, reinforcing the importance of rapid diagnostic tools and targeted therapy based on susceptibility results. In an era of rising antimicrobial resistance and growing populations of immunocompromised patients, this report underscores the critical need for heightened clinical awareness, robust laboratory support, and preventive public health strategies to mitigate the risk of severe Campylobacter infections in vulnerable groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 4","pages":"355-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro activity of Cefepime/Enmetazobactam and Cefepime/Zidebactam against OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains.","authors":"Michela Bulfoni, Carlo Tascini, Stefano Grandesso, Francesco Serino, Paolo Gaibani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefepime/enmetazobactam and cefepime/zidebactam against well-characterized OXA-48-like producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains. Genomic analysis revealed that all strains carried class D carbapenemase including blaOXA-48 and blaOXA-181 as well as different ESBL genes. Our results demonstrated that both enmetazobactam and zidebactam significantly enhanced the bactericidal activity of cefepime in vitro. Based on these findings, we suggest that these combinations could be considered a valuable therapeutic approach for treatment of infections caused by OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 4","pages":"322-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Splenic Infarction Due to Brucellosis.","authors":"Sevgi Özan Köse, Hazal Erdem, Özgün Cevdet Köse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic infection in Turkey, capable of involving multiple organs and systems. While systemic symptoms are common, focal organ involvement may also occur. Isolated splenic infarction is a rare complication. We report a 27-year-old man with a one-week history of left upper abdominal pain, without fever or weight loss. Physical examination revealed closed Traube's space and left upper quadrant tenderness. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and elevated transaminases. Brucella tube agglutination test was positive at 1/640. Abdominal CT demonstrated multiple hypodense, subcapsular, wedge-shaped lesions consistent with splenic infarction. Infective endocarditis, portal or splenic vein thrombosis, and rheumatologic disorders were excluded. The patient received a 12-week antibiotic regimen, resulting in clinical, laboratory, and radiological resolution. Splenic infarction secondary to brucellosis is infrequently described. Reported cases usually present with fever, abdominal pain, or systemic manifestations. Uniquely, our patient had only localized abdominal pain without fever or systemic features, underscoring the variable clinical spectrum of brucellosis. This case emphasizes the need to consider brucellosis in the differential diagnosis of splenic infarction, especially in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 4","pages":"371-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological and Radiological Characteristics of Paranasal Sinus Fungus Ball: a retrospective analysis of 235 cases.","authors":"Fabio Pagella, Sveva Introini, Roberta Lizzio, Bogdan Nacu, Roberto Sannasardo, Michele Demaria, Anna Ferrauto, Domenica Giunta, Annalisa De Silvestri, Elina Matti, Fabio Sovardi, Caterina Cavanna","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paranasal sinus Fungus Ball (FB) is the most common non-invasive mycotic rhinosinusitis. It most frequently affects the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses and the treatment of choice is Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS). Although this pathology has been widely investigated throughout the years, some questions still remain unanswered. This study concentrates on assessing radiological and microbiological characteristics by examining a large number of cases treated in our centre. 235 cases of FB that underwent ESS in Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia in the period comprised between January 2000 and May 2020 were collected. The surgical report, microbiological culture, histological report and preoperative Computed Tomography were analysed. FB was confirmed to affect more commonly the female population (68.22%). The maxillary (69.78%) and sphenoidal sinuses (27.23%) were the most frequent localizations. Interestingly, the microbiological reports showed different growth patterns as positive cultures from maxillary FB were reached in 21.52% of cases, while from sphenoidal FB in 45.76%. Different mycotic populations were found: Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in 33 FB specimens, of which 63.3% in the maxillary sinus, while Aspergillus flavus was isolated in 10 specimens, of which 80% in the sphenoid sinus (p=0.017 and p=0.039 respectively). Radiologically, heterogeneous soft tissue density at sinus cavity (p=0.029) was more represented in patients with positive culture. This study analysed a large population and demonstrated differences in the growth pattern and subpopulation of fungi between differently localized FB, underlining a new characteristic of this pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 4","pages":"343-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Life Long-Term Weight Trends After Switching to INSTI-Based Therapy in People Living with HIV: A 12-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Francesco Branda, Luca Bortolani, Mattia Albanese, Irene De Angelis, Myriam Maiorano, Daniele Giangiulio, Riccardo Donà, Edoardo Bogliolo, Francesco Romano, Paolo Vassalini, Giulia d'Amati, Alessandro Lazzaro, Marco Ridolfi, Luigi Petramala, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Gioacchino Galardo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has transformed HIV therapy, offering high efficacy and tolerability. However, emerging evidence links INSTI exposure to weight gain. The long-term impact of switching from protease inhibitor (PI)-based to INSTI-based combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on body composition and metabolic health remains incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of 89 virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) followed from 2008 to 2021. All participants were on PI-based cART at baseline (T0). Between 2008 and 2013 (T1), a subset switched to a raltegravir-based INSTI regimen, with subsequent transitions to dolutegravir or bictegravir during follow-up (T2). Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and metabolic parameters were compared between participants who remained on PI therapy and those who switched to any INSTI (\"Ever INSTI\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the full observation period, individuals who switched to INSTI-based therapy experienced significantly greater mean increases in body weight and BMI compared with those maintained on PI-based regimens. Immune recovery remained stable across groups, and metabolic safety appeared preserved. Within the INSTI class, participants with prolonged raltegravir exposure exhibited a trend toward greater long-term weight gain, though this finding should be interpreted cautiously due to the small subgroup size and potential residual confounding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Switching from PI- to INSTI-based cART in virologically suppressed PLWH is associated with modest but sustained increases in body weight and BMI over time, without evident deterioration in metabolic health. These results support the favourable safety profile of INSTIbased regimens while underscoring the need for routine anthropometric monitoring and preventive lifestyle interventions during long-term therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 4","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}