New Microbiologica最新文献

{"title":"Two-drug regimen with dolutegravir plus lamivudine for HIV treatment in children: a narrative review.","authors":"Claudia Bartalucci, Laura Labate, Lucia Taramasso, Matteo Bassetti, Antonio Di Biagio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment landscape for HIV is rapidly evolving, particularly with the advent of two-drug regimens (2DR). Traditionally, three-drug regimens (3DR) have been the standard, providing effective treatment but often at the cost of tolerability and increased pill burden. Recent studies demonstrate that 2DR can achieve non-inferior virological suppression compared to 3DR, while potentially offering enhanced safety and reduced long-term drug exposure. This review evaluates the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) in both adult and pediatric populations. The pediatric population presents unique challenges due to complexities in treatment adherence and limited available options, underscoring the urgency for effective treatments tailored to their needs. Emerging data from ongoing clinical trials highlight the potential of DTG/3TC to maintain viral suppression with fewer side effects and improve treatment adherence through simplified regimens. The review highlights the need for further research to support the use of 2DR in children and adolescents, particularly regarding long-term safety and efficacy. With increasing focus on quality of life and affordability, the integration of 2DR into pediatric HIV care may represent a critical advance in improving treatment outcomes for this vulnerable population and warrants continued clinical investigation and careful implementation into practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Meningitis Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: A Case Report.","authors":"Fatih M Akıllı, Mustafa Ulukanlıgil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system infections are recognized as a serious complication in patients, particularly in those with external ventricular drains. Here, we report the case of a 76-year-old woman who presented with nausea, dizziness, and cerebral discomfort following meningioma resection surgery and subsequent external ventricular drain placement. Perioperative ceftriaxone was initiated. During her stay in the intensive care unit, the patient developed a loss of consciousness and respiratory distress, necessitating reoperation for ventricular drain placement. Initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed no white blood cells or bacteria, and the first CSF culture showed no growth. However, the patient's respiratory failure and oxygen desaturation progressively worsened. Escherichia coli was detected in deep tracheal aspirate culture, prompting a revision of treatment to piperacillin-tazobactam. Subsequently, Gram-negative coccobacilli were detected in the CSF, which was inoculated into blood culture bottles, yielding a positive signal within three hours. Multiplex PCR analysis using the Biofire BCID-2 sepsis panel identified Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, both harboring carbapenemase genes (OXA-48 and CTX-M in A. baumannii, KPC in K. pneumoniae). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using Vitek-2 and conventional disc diffusion methods. Urgent intraventricular colistin, in combination with meropenem administered by prolonged infusion, was initiated. This antibiotic regimen successfully eradicated the bacteria from the CSF. Despite microbiological clearance, the patient succumbed to systemic hypotension, worsening oxygen saturation, and uncontrolled complications of diabetes. This case underscores the critical risk of central nervous system infections caused by A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures, particularly those involving external ventricular drains. Moreover, it highlights the importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach in managing complex complications following posterior fossa meningioma surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"84-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervicovaginal microbiota in Chlamydia trachomatis and other preventable sexually transmitted infections of public health importance: a systematic umbrella review.","authors":"Marisa Di Pietro, Simone Filardo, Rosa Sessa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota, characterized by the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, leads to bacterial vaginosis, known to increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. The present umbrella review aims to summarize evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on how cervicovaginal microbiota changes in relation to preventable sexually transmitted infections of public health importance, namely Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus. The databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched with the following strategy: ((chlamydia trachomatis) OR (treponema pallidum) OR (HPV) OR (neisseria gonorrhoeae)) AND (((microbio*) OR (metagen*)) AND (genital)); a total of 12 studies were included. Overall, this umbrella review highlighted that a highly diverse cervicovaginal microbiota has been associated with C. trachomatis infection and can be considered a risk factor in pre-cancerous lesions/cervical cancer related to high-risk HPV infections, whereas the role of cervicovaginal microbiota in N. gonorrhoeae infection is still unclear. In conclusion, specific microbial profiles associated with a high risk for each sexually transmitted pathogen have not yet been identified, and, in the future, more advanced multi-omics approaches will be helpful to clearly describe the etiopathogenetic relationships between resident microorganisms and genital conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human bloodstream infection caused by a Colistin multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain: a case report.","authors":"Marina D'Isanto, Francesca Battista, Martina Cipollaro, Anna Balestrieri, Yolande T R Proroga, Rubina Paradiso, Giovanna Fusco, Giorgia Borriello, Salvatore Maddaluno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections. The onset of Pan Drug Resistant (PDR) strains of A. baumannii, which are also resistant to colistin due to its excessive consumption, makes these strains difficult to eradicate. The appearance of new aggressive phenotypes among sentinel microorganisms in the control of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) requires the molecular approach to define a database of local nosocomial strains. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a useful tool to monitor the emergence of new aggressive bacterial phenotypes among sentinel microorganisms for the control of HAI. We describe a case report of colistin-resistant A. baumannii strain isolated from a blood-stream infection and evaluate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A colistin-resistant, PDR A. baumannii strain was isolated from blood cultures, bile fluid and wound in a patient with bacteremia in \"Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital\" , Pozzuoli Italy. The strain was characterized by both biochemical and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis. We identified a colistin-resistant strain of A. baumannii from a human bloodstream infection. WGS results were integrated with diagnostic procedures for a better characterization of the co-occurrence of several distinct antibiotic resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Keratitis Caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in an Immunocompetent Patient: How Challenging Can Treatment get?","authors":"Elizabeth Iskandar, Nicola Ferraro, Fabiana G Secchi, Guglielmo Ferrari, Antonino M G Pitrolo, Paolo Rama, Fausto Baldanti, Caterina Cavanna","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report underscores the complexities in managing fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum, even in an immunocompetent patient. The pathogen's resistance to many antifungal agents, its ability to invade deep ocular structures, and the presence of posterior chamber involvement added to the treatment challenges. Effective management requires not only timely diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy, such as voriconazole, but also careful consideration of adjunctive treatments like corticosteroids and surgical interventions to address inflammation and posterior chamber involvement. In such cases, timely diagnosis is critical. Given the challenges associated with accurate identification through routine mycological diagnostic methods and the limitations of reference spectral libraries for MALDI-TOF MS, the prompt application of molecular techniques should be regarded as the gold standard for Scedosporium spp. typing in instances of clinical suspicion. This approach facilitates rapid and targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Indirect rRVFV-NP based ELISA Protocol for Detection of IgG Against Rift Valley Fever Virus.","authors":"Arwa A Zehairy, Sayed S Sohrab, Thamir A Alandijany, Ahmed M Hassan, Aymn T Abbas, Umama A Abdel-Dayem, Awatif A Al-Judaibi, Esam I Azhar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that causes significant infectious diseases in humans and in a wide array of domestic livestock. A notable epidemic of RVFV occurred in Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 2000, resulting in severe public health ramifications and high mortality rates among both human and animal populations. Despite the urgency of the situation, no approved vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for human use has been developed to date. There are currently no commercially available ELISA assays for RVFV. This study aims to develop an in-house ELISA utilizing purified recombinant nucleoprotein (NP) of RVFV. A total of 232 serum samples from slaughterhouse workers were employed to optimize this assay, which was validated against the SNT. The developed assay demonstrated a specificity of 96.64% and a sensitivity of 100% with a cut-off value of 0.36 when using the in-house RVFV-NP as the coating antigen. In comparison, a commercially available RVFV-NP-based ELISA exhibited a specificity of 96.23% and a sensitivity of 100% with a cut-off value of 0.37. Furthermore, the absorbance values of positive samples showed a significant correlation with their corresponding SNT titers. The in-house ELISA developed in this study offers a robust diagnostic and screening tool for RVFV. It provides a valuable mechanism for early detection, surveillance, and control of RVFV infections, thereby contributing to effective management and prevention of future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Refractory Pneumonia Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.","authors":"Qing Tang, Hua Zhang, YuanJie Kang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) has been reported to be a common cause of bronchial malformations, shortness of breath, and dyspnea in children in recent years. With improvement in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of RMPP is increasing. It has been reported that some patients develop resistance to macrolide antibiotics, in which the mechanism of action is complex and the treatment is harsh. Two children with RMPP underwent rapid progression 1 week after onset to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ventilator-assisted ventilation was initiated and fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed to assist in diagnosis and treatment. The treatment regimens were adjusted according to the rapid changes in status. The two children were cured and discharged from the hospital in stable condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insidious clinical presentation of uncommon infective endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium species.","authors":"Francesco Bassani, Gabriele Pagani, Marco Franzetti, Laura Pezzati, Luca Di Odoardo, Ilaria Lazzarini, Gennaro D'Anna, Serena Leva, Claudia Pavia, Paola Mirri, Stefano Rusconi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infective endocarditis (IE) is a fatal disease caused by a wide range of pathogens, with a strong prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria. In this paper we describe two peculiar cases of Cardiobacterium spp. endocarditis in young men. These case reports emphasize the insidious clinical presentation of HACEK IE and lead to a brief review of the literature and discussion on this uncommon cause of infective endocarditis. One case is a man with a prior diagnosis of myxomatous mitral valve, presenting with neurological symptoms and a mycotic aneurysm of the right anterior cerebral artery. The second case was a man with no prior medical history, presenting with fever, lumbar and right-leg pain, which led to a diagnosis of atrial myxoma. The presence of congenital cardiac malformations and an insidious onset with early presentation but unusual or non-specific symptoms are evidenced with a high prevalence in this group of patients. The diagnostic workup including cultural examinations are analyzed in the discussion. We noticed, in accordance with recent literature, a time to positivity of blood cultures longer than for typical agents, but mostly inferior to 5 days. The majority of the reported cases went to surgery, while therapeutical regimens alternative to cephalosporins, especially quinolones, are recently gaining interest. While mortality rates are lower than those observed in other cases of IE, Cardiobacterium spp. IE is characterized by a high burden of complications, leading to an often-atypical presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decrease in drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs and concomitant therapies in older people living with HIV-1 switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide.","authors":"Leonardo Calza, Maddalena Giglia, Alberto Zuppiroli, Silvia Cretella, Salvatore Vitale, Lucia Appolloni, Pierluigi Viale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical trials of triple regimen bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) demonstrated potent efficacy and favorable safety in both antiretroviral therapy-naïve and -experienced people living with HIV (PLWH), in association with a low risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), but data about older people are still lacking. This retrospective cohort study evaluated records from suppressed PLWH aged ≥60 years and who switched to BIC/FTC/TAF. One hundred and nine patients were included: median age was 67.2 years (range, 60-81) and 82% were men. The most common reasons for switch were DDIs (in 66% of cases), followed by simplification (51.3%), and toxicity (26.6%). Overall, 139 potential DDIs between antiretroviral drugs and other concomitant agents were registered in 72 individuals. The most common DDIs included statins in 45 cases (33%), antidepressants in 27 (19%), cardiologic drugs in 23 (17%), proton pump inhibitors in 15 (11%), and benzodiazepines in 12 (9%). After the switch to BIC/FTC/TAF, the number of potential DDIs decreased significantly (from 139 to 18, -87%; p<0.001). The median DDI score also decreased significantly after the switch (from 0.64 to 0.14, -78%; p<0.001). After 12 months, 101 patients (92.7%) had HIV RNA <20 copies/mL. Eight patients discontinued BIC/FTC/TAF: three for virological failure, two for adverse events, and three for missing data. In this real-world cohort, switching to BIC/FTC/TAF in virologically suppressed PLWH aged over 60 years led to a remarkable reduction in potential DDIs, in association with high virological efficacy and good tolerability profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic failure with Providencia rettgeri infection: case report.","authors":"Fangfei Yan, Meiwen Han, Qianting Guan, Qinghao Guo, Zhilin Zeng, Junxia Yao, Dong Xi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Providencia rettgeri is an uncommon opportunistic pathogen of nosocomial infection in humans. It often occurs in urinary tract infection and skin damage. Few reports have revealed providencia rettgeri infection in hepatic failure patients. A 29-year-old man admitted to our hospital with a crushing injury caused by a falling object in a construction site, which caused hepatorrhexis and hepatic failure. During the therapy period in the infectious intensive care unit (IICU), the patient was given tracheal intubation to support breathing. Providencia rettgeri was cultured positive in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) upon fiber bronchoscopy. Providencia rettgeri is associated with the patient's terrible health conditions, for example, huge postoperative complication, large area skin burn, liver failure, etc. Few patients assisted with ventilation are infected with providencia rettgeri. Due to the pathogen's character of antimicrobial resistance, infection with providencia rettgeri raises mortality and prolongs recovery time. Thereafter, great attention should be paid to those patients in their recovery period.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":"48 1","pages":"95-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}