{"title":"Impact of Rastall parameter on anisotropic stellar structures using Durgapal-Lake metrics and quintessence dark energy","authors":"Arfa Waseem , A. Eid , Sunaiha Naeem , Faisal Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To deepen our understanding of anisotropic compact objects, this study unveils an innovative theoretical framework grounded in Rastall's theory of gravitation. By employing the Durgapal-Lake (<span><math><mi>DL</mi></math></span>) metric functions, which amalgamate the solutions of Durgapal-IV and Lake, we incorporate quintessence dark energy to thoroughly investigate the properties of stellar models. With the help of observed radii and masses of certain specific objects, the undefined parameters in <span><math><mi>DL</mi></math></span> ansatz are derived through matching conditions. We undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the validity of the selected functions through graphical representations that analyze physical attributes of dense bodies, with a focus on specific values of the Rastall parameter. Our results indicate that the considered stellar configurations exhibit stable characteristics consistent with the presented model. Additionally, we investigate the behavior of compact stars within the framework of general relativity, specifically for a null Rastall parameter, facilitating a comparative analysis of both theoretical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117071
Laurent Baulieu
{"title":"Leaf of leaf foliation and Beltrami parametrization in d > 2 dimensional gravity","authors":"Laurent Baulieu","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work establishes the existence of a covariant “Beltrami vielbein” in dimensions <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>></mo><mn>2</mn></math></span>, generalizing the well-known <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span> case. The definition of this vielbein is motivated by a sub-foliation structure of the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) slices of a <em>d</em>-dimensional Lorentzian manifold <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, namely <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>M</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Here, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> denotes dynamically varying Riemann surfaces that foliate <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> within each ADM slice. The covariant “Beltrami vielbein” associated with any generic <em>d</em>-bein of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is systematically determined via a covariant gauge-fixing of the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> Lorentz symmetry. It is parametrized by <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></span> independent fields, which fall into two distinct categories, each bearing a specific interpretation. Importantly, the Beltrami parametrization is not restricted to the ADM framework, it is a general feature that holds in any local coordinate system. The Weyl-invariant sector of the Beltrami <em>d</em>-bein precisely selects the <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></span> physical local bulk degrees of freedom of gravity for <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>></mo><mn>3</mn></math></span>, while retaining some flexibility depending on the specific physical problem considered in the gravitational bulk and boundary. The components of the Beltrami <em>d</em>-bein correspond one-to-one with those of the associated Beltrami <em>d</em>-dimensional metric. The Beltrami parametrization of the spin connection and the Einstein–Hilbert action leads to compact and suggestive expressions, which may facilitate, for instance, the search for new Ricci-flat solutions classified by the genus of the submanifolds <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. More subtle issues arise in the Carrollian case, where the Lorentzian metric becomes degenerate and the correspondence between the spin connection and the Beltrami vielbein is no longer one-to-one. These aspects will be studied elsewhere, pot","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117067
Abdulmohsen Daham Alruwaili , Nadeem Azhar , Abdul Jawad
{"title":"Investigating baryon to entropy ratio phenomenon in f(R,∇R) gravity","authors":"Abdulmohsen Daham Alruwaili , Nadeem Azhar , Abdul Jawad","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores baryogenesis within a modified gravitational framework where the action incorporates a non-local kernel dependent on the Ricci scalar <em>R</em> and its covariant derivative ∇<em>R</em>. This extension, referred to as <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>∇</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> gravity, generalizes traditional <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> theories by introducing additional derivative terms that may influence early-universe dynamics. Within this framework, we examine four distinct forms of the cosmological scale factor: (i) an intermediate scaling solution, (ii) a conventional power-law expansion, (iii) a generalized hybrid evolution combining both power-law and exponential growth terms and (iv) logamediate scale factor. We introduce a charge-parity (CP) violating interaction term that scales linearly with the spacetime derivative of the combined Ricci scalar and its covariant derivative, expressed as <span><math><msub><mrow><mo>∂</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>∇</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>. Through numerical computation, we determine the resulting baryon asymmetry by evaluating the dimensionless ratio <span><math><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> represents the baryon number density and <em>s</em> denotes the entropy density of the universe. We quantitatively compare our theoretical predictions for the baryon-to-entropy ratio, <span><math><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span>, with the current observational constraint of <span><math><mn>9.42</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. Notably, our numerical results demonstrate remarkable agreement with this empirically established value, supporting the viability of our modified gravitational framework in explaining the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117058
Farzan Mushtaq , Hussnain Raza , Abdul Jawad , Mohammad Mahtab Alam , Sanjar Shaymatov , Xia Tiecheng
{"title":"Non-extensive entropic corrected thermal stability and geometries of well-known black holes","authors":"Farzan Mushtaq , Hussnain Raza , Abdul Jawad , Mohammad Mahtab Alam , Sanjar Shaymatov , Xia Tiecheng","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate the thermodynamic stability and geometries of well-known black holes such as the spherical static black hole, charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole and R-N black hole of the dyadosphere in the presence of Barrow and Gauss-Bonnet entropy. We also investigate the stable/unstable region and phase transitions of these black holes using heat capacity. Furthermore, we investigate the thermodynamic geometries of the aforementioned black holes using different approaches, including Ruppeiner, Weinhold, Quevedo I, II, and HPEM. We observed that the divergence points of these approaches correspond to the phase transition points of heat capacity. Our investigation also concentrates on the influence of entropy parameters and the sparsity of Hawking radiation on the evaporation of black holes. It is observed that these black holes along with particular entropies give attractive/repulsive behavior. We also evaluate the physical consequences emerging by these black holes through the sparsity parameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117069
Abdelhakim Benkrane, Djamel Eddine Zenkhri
{"title":"Impact of dark matter halo on black hole: Thermodynamical properties and photons motion","authors":"Abdelhakim Benkrane, Djamel Eddine Zenkhri","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the thermodynamic properties of a Schwarzschild black hole (BH) surrounded by a dark matter (DM) halo, modeled using a Dehnen-type density profile. Specifically, we analyze the influence of the halo's core density <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and scale radius <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> on key thermodynamic quantities, including the black hole's mass, temperature, heat capacity, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. Our results show that the presence of dark matter introduces notable modifications to the black hole's thermodynamics while preserving the fundamental entropy-area relation. Additionally, we examine the effects of the DM halo on the radius of circular photon orbits, the black hole's shadow radius, and the energy emission rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117070
S. Abbaslu, Y. Farzan
{"title":"A model for axial non-standard interactions of neutrinos with quarks","authors":"S. Abbaslu, Y. Farzan","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neutrino oscillation experiments are setting increasingly strong upper bounds on the vector Non-Standard neutrino Interactions (NSI) with matter fields. However, the bounds on the axial NSI are more relaxed, raising the hope that studying the neutral current events at an experiment such as DUNE can give a glimpse on new physics. We build a model that gives rise to axial NSI with large couplings leading to observable deviation from the standard prediction at DUNE. The model is based on a <span><math><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span> gauge symmetry with a gauge boson of mass ∼30 GeV which can be discovered at the high luminosity LHC. Combining the LHC and DUNE discoveries, we can unravel the axial form of interaction. The cancellation of anomalies of the gauge group suggests new heavy quarks as well as a dark matter candidate. The new quarks mixed with the first generation quarks can also be discovered at the LHC. Moreover, they provide a seesaw mechanism that explains the smallness of the <em>u</em> and <em>d</em> quark masses. The dark matter has an axial coupling to the quarks which makes its discovery via spin dependent direct dark matter search experiments possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117059
Allah Ditta , Abdelmalek Bouzenada , Asifa Ashraf , Muhammad Aslam , Muhammad Yousaf Malik , Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain , Guzalxon Belalova
{"title":"Thermodynamics and particle dynamics around a regular black hole admitting the limiting curvature condition","authors":"Allah Ditta , Abdelmalek Bouzenada , Asifa Ashraf , Muhammad Aslam , Muhammad Yousaf Malik , Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain , Guzalxon Belalova","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the thermodynamic and particle dynamics features of a regular black hole in the case of the limiting curvature condition. We begin by examining the metric function <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> for a regular black hole that admits a limiting curvature condition, where the length parameter <em>l</em> and the black hole mass <em>M</em>. In the case of the Schwarzschild metric when <span><math><mi>l</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>, offering a reference point for comparison. According to the study, a more compact event horizon is indicated by a drop in the horizon radius <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> as <em>l</em> increases. We investigate the effects of thermal fluctuations on the thermodynamic parameters, such as the Hawking temperature, entropy, and specific heat. The Gibbs free energy and energy emission rates are also analyzed to show the black hole's stability and phase changes. We also study particle motion near the black hole, with particular attention to photon orbits, innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO), and the effective potential. Analysis of the red and blue shifts of photons released by orbiting particles shows how the length scale parameter <em>l</em> affects the frequency shifts that are seen. In this context, we show the oscillations of massive particles around circular orbits, deriving the fundamental frequencies associated (quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and exploring various QPO models). The results explain the thermodynamic and dynamic behavior of regular black holes under limiting curvature, revealing insights into their stability, phase transitions, and observational signatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117053
Jialiang Dai, Wenting Pan, Juanjuan Cheng
{"title":"L∞-structure and scattering amplitudes of antisymmetric tensor gauge field theory","authors":"Jialiang Dai, Wenting Pan, Juanjuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>-algebraic structures in antisymmetric tensor gauge field theory, focusing on the construction of a contracting homotopy for the chain map between two distinct <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>-algebras. Utilizing the free Feynman propagators, we establish a quasi-isomorphism between the original <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>-algebra and its minimal model. This construction leads to the recursive relations for the coefficients of Berends-Giele-like currents which are essential in the computations of tree-level scattering amplitudes of tensor gauge fields. Under such framework, we derive the generating functional for all tree-level amplitudes in terms of Maurer-Cartan elements within the minimal model. As an illustration, we carry out the three- and four-point scattering amplitudes in the tensor gauge theory by applying field operators to the Maurer-Cartan action with appropriate boundary conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117062
John Ellis
{"title":"Personal memories of 50 years of quarkonia","authors":"John Ellis","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world of particle physics was revolutionised in November 1974 by the discovery of the J/<em>ψ</em> particle, the first particle to be identified as a quarkonium state composed of charm quarks and antiquarks. The charmonium interpretation of the J/<em>ψ</em> was cemented by the subsequent observations of a spectrum of related <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mi>c</mi></math></span> states, and finally by the discovery of charmed particles in 1976. The discovery of charmonium was followed in 1977 by the discovery of bottomonium mesons and particles containing bottom quarks. Toponium bound states of top quark and antiquarks were predicted to exist in principle but, following the discovery of the top quark in 1995, most physicists thought that its observation would have to wait for a next-generation <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> collider. However, in the second half of 2024 the CMS Collaboration reported an excess of events near the threshold for <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mi>t</mi></math></span> production at the LHC that is most plausibly interpreted as the lowest-lying toponium state. These are the personal recollections of an eyewitness who followed closely these 50 years of quarkonium discoveries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear Physics BPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117056
Nilay Bostan , Rafid H. Dejrah
{"title":"Inflationary dynamics and observables: β-exponential models in Palatini R2 gravity","authors":"Nilay Bostan , Rafid H. Dejrah","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We focus on the inflationary predictions of <em>β</em>-exponential potential models, in which the inflaton is associated with a field that determines the size of extra dimensions. This provides a well-motivated starting point for exploring physics at very high energy scales. Consequently, we incorporate an <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> term within the Palatini formulation of gravity. Additionally, we extend our analysis by examining the effects of reheating on inflationary observables, considering various scenarios for the reheat temperature. We present the inflationary predictions for spectral index <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, tensor-to-scalar ratio <em>r</em>, and the running of the spectral index <span><math><mi>d</mi><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>ln</mi><mo></mo><mi>k</mi></math></span> in the context of a <em>β</em>-exponential potential minimally coupled in Palatini <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> gravity. Furthermore, we confront our results with observational constraints from BICEP/Keck, Planck 2018, and the most recent Planck+ACT DR6 data released by the ACT collaboration. We also consider the projected sensitivities of upcoming CMB experiments, including CMB-S4, LiteBIRD, and SPIDER. Our findings demonstrate the viability of the model, even in light of the tighter constraints expected from future data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1018 ","pages":"Article 117056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}