Ocean & Coastal Management最新文献

{"title":"Coastal consequences: Navigating sea level rise and engineering solutions","authors":"Ravi Sai Nandhini ,&nbsp;Veeraragavan Lokesh ,&nbsp;Devakumar Jolamalini ,&nbsp;Sankaranarayanan Mugesh ,&nbsp;Todd Johnson ,&nbsp;Ramasamy Subbaiya ,&nbsp;Saleh Al-Farraj ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpää","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid climate changes pose significant threats to the delicate equilibrium of ecosystems. The intricate relationship between climate change and coastal ecosystems emphasizes the dynamic interplay of climatic parameters, including rainfall, temperature, and sunlight duration and intensity. These factors collectively influence the entire coastal environment, leading to elevated sea levels, melting glaciers, and habitat destruction, impacting both human and aquatic populations. The health of human populations in coastal regions is particularly threatened by extreme weather events and coastal erosion. The methodology adopted in this review includes a quantitative analysis of climate data, and examination of specific case studies, expert interviews, and integration of findings from various sources. The significant findings reveals rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are altering coastal habitats and affecting species distribution and ecosystem functions. Increased sea levels and melting glaciers contribute to coastal erosion, salinization of freshwater resources, and habitat loss for marine and terrestrial species. Extreme weather events pose direct threats to human health and safety, while coastal erosion leads to community displacement and heightened vulnerability to climate-related health issues. In response to these challenges, innovative mitigation strategies are being implemented to enhance coastal resilience. These strategies include the development of artificial reefs, mangrove restoration, and the use of green infrastructure. Policies promoting sustainable coastal development and integrated coastal zone management are crucial for mitigating climate impacts. Adaptive measures, such as community-based management and the incorporation of traditional knowledge, are proving effective in fostering resilience. Enhancing public awareness and engagement in climate action is essential for the successful implementation of resilience-building initiatives. This review paper delves into the nuanced effects of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems, providing insights into evolving trends in climate management and mitigation strategies. It also explores opportunities for building resilience in the face of climate challenges, emphasizing adaptive measures that foster sustainability and mitigate risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108006"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging environmental DNA monitoring technology to improve biodiversity detection and recognize a broader range of functional organisms in remote coral reef ecosystems: A case study from Mischief Reef","authors":"Peng Xu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Gan ,&nbsp;Lintao Huang ,&nbsp;Danping Xie ,&nbsp;Hui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a method that extracts species information from environmental samples, thereby aiding in the establishment or enhancement of biodiversity assessments. This study employed eDNA and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) to obtain baseline data on the biodiversity of Mischief Reef, explore the efficacy of eDNA in detecting functional organisms, and shed light on alterations in community structure and their contributing factors. Initially, we detected organisms at nine stations with eDNA and UVC in spring, detected 178 fish and macroinvertebrates (crustacean and mollusca) species by eDNA, 151 species by UVC, respectively. The One-way analysis of variance results showed that eDNA method was superior to UVC method in detecting phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species (p &lt; 0.01). The functional space of eDNA organisms encompassed that of UVC organisms. Significant positive correlations were found between eDNA and attributes such as activity period, diet, mean trophic level (TL), maximum body length range, and fishing vulnerability. No correlations were observed between UVC and functional attributes of organisms. The taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity monitored by eDNA were all significantly higher than those monitored by UVC. The interaction between the biodiversity monitored by eDNA and the environment was more significant than that monitored by UVC. Our study underscores the effectiveness of eDNA in identifying functional organisms in coral reefs and in reflecting differences in ecosystem community structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing threats and rehabilitation opportunities for mangrove-saltmarsh blue carbon ecosystems","authors":"Adam D. Canning,&nbsp;Norman C. Duke","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangroves and salt marshes are vital intertidal ecosystems that provide key ecosystem services, including shoreline stabilization, carbon storage, and biodiversity support. This study assessed the current condition and threats to valued tidal wetland mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystems along the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) coastline, Queensland, Australia. The study also identified potential sites of rehabilitation potentially suitable for funding under Australia's blue carbon sequestration methodology. In 2023, an aerial shoreline survey was conducted between Gladstone and Cairns, revealing widespread impacts from climate-related stressors, such as shoreline erosion, expanding depositional banks and storm damage, along with anthropogenic stressors, including altered hydrology and agricultural encroachment. Fifty-two potential rehabilitation parcels totalling 17,255 ha were identified, with rehabilitation opportunities categorized as saltmarsh-dominated, mangrove-dominated, or mixed systems. Rehabilitation suitability was evaluated also using tidal barrier mapping, potential inundation extent, and trends in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of adjacent mangroves. The results revealed the importance of local stressors, the need for integrating stakeholder involvement, and the implementation of long-term environmental monitoring to bolster effective rehabilitation. This study provides a framework and baseline for selection and prioritizing rehabilitation efforts for improving the resilience and functionality of tidal wetlands in the GBR region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107974"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downstream implications of large river diversions on thermal fish habitats in the coastal zone","authors":"Muhammad Izhar Shah,&nbsp;Robert L. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large river diversions are becoming an increasingly prominent coastal management strategy to address land loss, water quality, and other major sustainability challenges. The U.S. Louisiana Gulf coastal region features a high degree of flow intensification due to high rates of sea level rise, increasing heavy rain events, and engineered hydromodification (e.g., urban development). These uncertain factors confound the determination of the long-range biological implications of coastal river diversions. Here we present an assessment framework to quantify downstream implications of large diversions on thermal habitats using a sub-daily soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model coupled with a physically based Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model. The models successfully simulated the water temperature response to the Teche-Vermilion Project which is the first large-scale freshwater diversion in the State of Louisiana, performing well against the available measurements for stage (NSE &gt;0.7, BIAS &lt;6 %), discharge (NSE &gt;0.6, BIAS &lt; −15 %) and water temperature (NSE &gt;0.9, BIAS &lt;1.5 %). A robust counterfactual scenario analysis was employed to assess the impact of a variety of plausible future forcing regimes (sea level rise, tributary runoff, shading) on the diversion/downstream temperature response. The results indicated that the freshwater diversion modified downstream mean annual temperatures by 0.3–0.5 °C as far as 60 km downstream while canopy reductions yielded changes on the order of 1.0 °C. Dynamic habitat suitability metrics for three native fish species and strong direct relationships were established between annual thermal habitat suitability metrics and annual downstream temperatures. While other studies have identified the effects of coastal river diversions on sediment, nutrient, and salinity fields, the effects on downstream thermal habitats has been understudied. Water temperature is critical not only for constituent reaction kinetics and transport, but also to the reproductive success of downstream fish populations. By addressing the master variable of temperature in the representative setting of coastal Louisiana, this study addresses a significant knowledge gap on the thermal implications of diversions in similar settings worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework to combine beach monitoring data with modular erosion risk modelling to inform operational coastal management","authors":"Robert J. McCarroll ,&nbsp;David M. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Jin Liu ,&nbsp;Blake Allan ,&nbsp;Elisa Zavadil ,&nbsp;Daniel Ierodiaconou","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Information on coastal erosion risk is essential for effective coastal management. Ideally, risk assessments should be regularly updated with ongoing monitoring data, allowing identification of local-scale, time-varying threats. Yet, due to resource requirements, this approach is rare.</div><div>This work presents on a collaboration between a state government and a regional authority to establish cost-effective methods for dynamic reporting on coastal risk, covering 16 sites along the Great Ocean Road, Victoria, Australia, incorporating ongoing monitoring data (&gt;300 drone surveys and 35 years of satellite-derived shorelines). A transect-based coastal database, maintained at the state level, provides a framework for modular analyses that scale in complexity according to site priority. Tools built into the framework include: (1) coastal erosion warning indicators; (2) potential land and asset impact; and (3) numerical modelling of coastal risk levels and beach management scenarios.</div><div>Dynamic assessments were designed to support operational management, providing updates on short and long-term shoreline change. As part of the final pilot program assessment, 3 sites (of 16) had high long-term erosion trends, 4 experienced moderate short-term erosion (last 2 years), and a high risk of erosion to assets was predicted for 2 sites. Detailed risk modelling for a high-priority site (Marengo) was used to inform where further intervention was required, and to assess medium-term (10 year) beach nourishment scenarios.</div><div>Use of a modular, scalable framework capable of incorporating ongoing monitoring data can provide effective decision support for time-sensitive management options. We suggest wide-reaching management benefits could be achieved by provision of large-scale coastal databases by national and provincial authorities, allowing resource-limited coastal managers to benefit through cost-efficient local-scale application of hazard and risk assessment tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 107972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fishermen-based local ecological knowledge reveals juvenile Asian horseshoe crab occurrence in Banyuasin Coastal, South Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Fauziyah ,&nbsp;Apon Zaenal Mustopa ,&nbsp;Risa Rahmadani ,&nbsp;Fatimah ,&nbsp;Ellis Nurjuliasti Ningsih ,&nbsp;Fitri Agustriani ,&nbsp;Melki ,&nbsp;Beta Susanto Barus ,&nbsp;Redho Yoga Nugroho ,&nbsp;Rozirwan","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local ecological knowledge (LEK) offers valuable ecological insights, particularly in regions where scientific monitoring is limited, yet its application to protected marine species such as juvenile Asian horseshoe crabs (JHC) remains underexplored. This study assessed the spatial and temporal occurrence of JHC in the Banyuasin coastal region, South Sumatra, Indonesia, by integrating fishermen's LEK with participatory mapping and multinomial logistic regression. A statistically validated questionnaire was administered to 107 respondents across five fishing villages. All reported JHC encounters, primarily in offshore and estuarine habitats, with peak occurrences during the east monsoon (June–September). Age, fishing experience, net setting depth, fishing time, and net length significantly influenced LEK (p &lt; 0.05), whereas education, village, and gear type did not. Participatory mapping identified nursery hotspots near the Sembilang River and Tanjung Carat. These results demonstrate that validated LEK can generate spatially and temporally explicit ecological knowledge, complementing conventional surveys. The study underscores the potential of LEK to inform nursery habitat protection, seasonal management measures, and community-based monitoring. Future work should integrate LEK with biological validation methods and explore pathways for embedding local knowledge into adaptive conservation and policy frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107978"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascading vulnerability of fish stocks, processing operations, and dependent communities to climate change in the Philippines","authors":"Riza Jane S. Banicod ,&nbsp;Do-Hoon Kim ,&nbsp;Gezelle C. Tadifa ,&nbsp;Ulysses M. Montojo","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change presents substantial threats to Philippine fisheries and related industries, primarily due to a pronounced increase in sea surface temperatures (SST) over recent decades. These ecosystem changes have greatly impacted fish distribution, abundance, and overall production. To ensure effective and sustainable management of fishery resources amid a changing climate, vulnerability assessments have become increasingly important. This study undertook a comprehensive vulnerability assessment by evaluating the cascading effects of rising SST under the RCP 8.5 scenario on 51 commercially important marine species, processing operations, and dependent communities. Results showed that species highly exposed and sensitive to climate change, mainly <em>Scomber australasicus</em>, <em>Gazza minuta</em>, and <em>Secutor insidiator</em>, exhibit heightened vulnerability. Consequently, processing sectors largely reliant on these species, specifically drying and smoking, along with areas characterized by diversified processing activities, are at greater risk. Such vulnerabilities generally translate into shortages of raw materials, disruptions in supply chains, and reduced production efficiency, all of which can negatively affect food security, economic stability, and community livelihoods. The identification of the most vulnerable species, sectors, and areas in this study offers a strategic framework for guiding adaptation measures, prioritizing resource allocation, and informing policy interventions. Mitigating these interconnected vulnerabilities demands a proactive, science-based approach to resource management that underline sustainability, adaptive capacity-building, and the development of resilient supply chains to safeguard the long-term viability of Philippine fisheries and their associated industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From sea to territory: The ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) in southeastern Brazilian coastal governance","authors":"Victor Hugo da Silva Valério ,&nbsp;Marcelo Henrique Schmitz ,&nbsp;David Valença Dantas ,&nbsp;Eduardo Gentil","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article addresses the practical application of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) as a strategy to promote sustainability of small-scale fisheries and the socioeconomic development of fishing communities in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The primary objective was to diagnose the current status of small-scale fisheries and propose an operational plan to strengthen participatory and sustainable governance. A qualitative research design based on action research was employed, utilizing participatory workshops conducted between 2019 and 2024 with stakeholders of 14 fishing communities to identify and categorize challenges across the EAFM three main components: good governance, human well-being, and ecological well-being. Results indicated the inadequacy of institutional structures, low investment in scientific research and extension, socioeconomic vulnerabilities exacerbated by environmental disasters, and a lack of effective community participation in decisions regarding fisheries resource use. To address these challenges, a set of corrective actions are proposed to support sustainable fisheries management through participatory governance. As a practical outcome, EAFM principles were incorporated into a normative act aimed at establishing a state-level fisheries public policy, demonstrating the integration of scientific and empirical knowledge into governance and marking a significant milestone. It was concluded that the EAFM constitutes an innovative framework for practical application at the state level, offering a replicable model for decision-making and sustainable fisheries management. Despite the article's contribution to embedding EAFM within state fisheries policy, political and institutional commitment to enable its implementation remains a challenge to achieving the structural changes necessary for effective and sustainable fisheries governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108030"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrobenthic community dynamics inform mangrove restoration practices for China","authors":"Yiyong Rao ,&nbsp;Danyi Li ,&nbsp;Fengxia Wu ,&nbsp;Lizhe Cai ,&nbsp;Shufei Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaxue Liu ,&nbsp;Yanping Zhong ,&nbsp;Honghui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove restoration is increasingly promoted as a nature-based solution to climate change, yet its effectiveness in reestablishing macrobenthic diversity remains insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we surveyed macrobenthic communities across natural, non-native, new-planted mangroves, and mudflats in Guangdong, China. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that community structure was jointly shaped by environmental filtering (adjusted R² = 18.6 %) and spatial processes (adjusted R² = 18.7 %). β-Diversity was dominated by species replacement (78.6 %–98.3 %), primarily driven by vegetation characteristics (stand age, height) and physicochemical properties (sediment texture, total organic carbon, salinity, and pH). Neutral community modeling further confirmed substantial stochastic influences and pronounced dispersal limitation (R² = 0.302, m = 0.0031). Contrary to common assumptions, natural mangroves did not host higher species richness or diversity than mudflats, even after accounting for uneven sampling effort across habitats. Instead, they supported distinct, specialized crab assemblages (Camptandriidae, Sesarmidae), whereas mudflats were critical for polychaete diversity. These findings underscore the ecological complementarity of mangroves and mudflats. We recommend that restoration strategies prioritize mangrove-mudflat mosaics to enhance habitat heterogeneity and regional biodiversity, rather than simply maximizing mangrove coverage. Future assessments should incorporate mangrove-specific indicator taxa and employ long-term, multi-season monitoring with balanced sampling designs to better capture successional dynamics and biodiversity patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108049"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-created climatologies for sea leisure activities and adaptation strategies in the central-western Mediterranean: Advancing sustainability and enhancing recreational experiences","authors":"Anna Boqué-Ciurana ,&nbsp;Mercè Cisneros ,&nbsp;Jon Xavier Olano Pozo ,&nbsp;Caterina Cimolai ,&nbsp;Ricardo Vásquez Yañez ,&nbsp;Enric Aguilar","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal Tourist destinations need to adapt to climate variability and change to maintain their tourist competitiveness and attractiveness. Knowing the climatic potential of the destination's activities and managing the location's natural resources is crucial.</div><div>The last decades have seen advances in climate services for multiple fields. Despite this, there is little research on optimal days for different sea leisure-based activities around the central-western Mediterranean.</div><div>The present research explores, through a co-creation process with local agents, how the met-ocean conditions influence the activities. Capitalizing on the stakeholders’ insights, we defined the concept of “optimal day” and calculated their expected frequency for the specific activities identified by the stakeholders.</div><div>Our approach puts the ocean's hourly wind and wave data in service using the SIMAR numerical model owned by <em>Puertos del Estado</em>. It transforms them into structured and actionable information for Sea-Based Leisure Activities (SELAs from now onwards).</div><div>By computing the optimal days for each sea-based activity along Tarragona's shore (one of Europe's most important touristic areas), we pilot a methodology for their detection elsewhere. This information is instrumental in facilitating decision-making and defining diversification strategies for tourist activities. Moreover, we highlight the value of co-creation processes as a valuable tool in identifying adaptive measures for climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108035"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}