Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"EcoFOCI: A Generation of Ecosystem Studies in Alaskan Waters","authors":"H. Tabisola, J. Duffy‐Anderson, C. Mordy, P. Stabeno","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46704414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging, Low-Cost Ocean Observing Technologies to Democratize Access to the Ocean","authors":"J. Butler, Camille Pagniello","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Stressor Observations and Modeling to Build Understanding of and Resilience to the Coastal Impacts of Climate Change","authors":"J. Newton, P. MacCready, S. Siedlecki, D. Manalang, J. Mickett, S. Alin, E. Schumacker, Jennifer Hagen, Stephanie K. Moore, A. Sutton, R. Carini","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-31","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple stressors are affecting the Pacific Northwest (PNW) coastal ocean, including harmful algal blooms (HABs), ocean acidification, marine heatwaves, and hypoxia (low oxygen). While these conditions or events are tied to seasonal cycles such as upwelling periods and multiyear cycles such as El Niño/La Niña, they are becoming increasingly frequent and intense. Additionally, they can have devastating impacts on ecosystem health and human wellbeing, shutting down fisheries, stifling the local economy, threatening food security, and inhibiting cultural practices. For example, increasing ocean acidification has affected shellfish growers’ capability to secure reliable product. In 2015, a HAB associated with a marine heatwave shut down crab fisheries from Alaska to Baja for commercial and tribal fishers (McCabe et al., 2016), a closure so impactful that the US Congress included the Fishery Disaster Relief Program for Tribal Fisheries in the Budget Act of 2018. And, an unpredicted hypoxia event in 2015 resulted in the Quinault Indian Nation pulling up crab pots with dead crab. Regional projections indicate increases in warming, ocean acidification, and hypoxia by the end of the century (Siedlecki et al., 2021), so solutions are needed. The challenge of multi-stressor impacts can be addressed by engaging a variety of partners to collect multi-variable observing and forecast data while increasing both scientific knowledge and application of data and information to real-world needs. The Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS, http://www.nanoos. org/) helps sustain long-term observations and forecast models to help communities adapt to and plan for variable and changing ocean conditions, thus increasing resilience. NANOOS is the PNW regional coastal ocean observing system of the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). It was recently designated a nexus organization for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development because of its work to sustain and integrate ocean observations and modeling to produce publicly accessible regional data products that help diverse coastal communities ensure safety, build economic resilience, and increase understanding of the coastal ocean. NANOOS, in collaboration with regional partners, provides observations of temperature, salinity, oxygen, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, pH, and HABs from buoy assets off the PNW coast (Figure 1). These observations also support several models such as LiveOcean, which provides 72-hour projections of ocean variables such as temperature, salinity, Multi-Stressor Observations and Modeling to Build Understanding of and Resilience to the Coastal Impacts of Climate Change","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the Impact of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers","authors":"K. Kimoto","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45075358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers in Ocean Observing: Documenting Ecosystems, Understanding Environmental Changes, Forecasting Hazards","authors":"E. Kappel","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting Training into Practice: An Alumni Network Global Monitoring Program","authors":"L. Krug, S. Sarker, Samiul Huda, A. González-Silvera, A. Edward, Carla Berghoff, Christian Naranjo, Edem Mahu, Jorge López-Calderón, Luís Escudero, M. Tapia, M. Noernberg, Mohamed Ahmed, Nandini Menon, Stella Betancur","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41988733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tide Gauges: From Single Hazard to Multi-Hazard Warning Systems","authors":"A. Hibbert, Liz Bradshaw, Jeff Pugh, S. Williams, P. Woodworth","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-29","url":null,"abstract":"FIGURE 1. An example of a visual “tide gauge” engraved on a harbor wall, showing tide level markings at the entrance to Canning Half-Tide Dock, Liverpool, relative to the Old Dock Sill datum, a reference datum defined around 1715 in terms of the sill of Liverpool’s first dock. Photo credit: Philip Woodworth, National Oceanography Centre As the name suggests, tide gauges were originally devised for the singular purpose of monitoring tidal fluctuations in sea level in order to aid safe navigation and port operations. Early tide gauges, such as that used by the famous dockmaster William Hutchinson at Liverpool in the late eighteenth century, consisted of little more than graduated markers on sea walls or posts, against which the sea surface could be measured by eye (Figure 1). These were used to record and then forecast the times and heights of high and low water each day; printed in local tide tables, they provided rudimentary information on variations in the tide. Within 50 years, automatic (or “self-registering”) stilling well and float systems were developed, consisting of a float housed in a large vertical tube, with an opening to the sea. The float would rise and fall with the sea surface and, by means of a pen connected to the float via a pulley system, its movements were captured on a paper chart fixed to a clock-driven chart recorder. This, for the first time, produced a continuous sea level trace, allowing other phenomena such as seiches, storm surges, and tsunamis to be clearly identified. Very high frequency variations in sea level, such as wave action, remained unsampled due to the damping effect of the stilling wells. Through continued operation of these gauges over many decades, evidence of longer-term hazards emerged from their records, such as climate change-related sea level rise (SLR), a topic that is now considered in the important regular assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Over the past few decades, a transition to radar, acoustic, or pressure-based tide gauges, together with advances in data-logging capacity, has enabled high frequency sampling (~1 Hz) that is also necessary for monitoring wave action; in addition, the co-location of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with tide gauges has allowed scientists to infer the contributions of vertical land motion to rates of SLR. As a result, modern tide gauge networks are better equipped to monitor a wide range of sea level phenomena and are, therefore, viewed as multi-hazard warning systems. Of course, robust warning systems demand a comprehensive network of monitoring stations together with coordinated and timely notifications of impending hazards. Sadly, the impetus for such developments has often been provided by natural disasters. The UK Tide Gauge Network (UKTGN), for example, was formed primarily for the purposes of storm surge monitoring and forecasting following the 1953 North Sea storm surge that led to the loss of ~2,400 ","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49402495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Technological, Scientific, and Sociological Revolution of Global Subsurface Ocean Observing","authors":"D. Roemmich, L. Talley, N. Zilberman, E. Osborne, Kenneth S. Johnson, L. Barbero, H. Bittig, N. Briggs, A. Fassbender, Gregory Johnson, Brian King, E. McDonagh, S. Purkey, S. Riser, T. Suga, Y. Takeshita, V. Thierry, S. Wijffels","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41641337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncrewed Ocean Gliders and Saildrones Support Hurricane Forecasting and Research","authors":"T. Miles, Dongxiao Zhang, G. Foltz, Jun Zhang, C. Meinig, F. Bringas, J. Trinanes, M. Le Hénaff, Maria Aristizabal Vargas, S. Coakley, Catherine Edwards, D. Gong, R. Todd, M. Oliver, Douglas Wilson, K. Whilden, B. Kirkpatrick, P. Chardón-Maldonado, J. Morell, D. Hernandez, G. Kuska, Cheyenne D. Stienbarger, K. Bailey, Chidong Zhang, S. Glenn, G. Goñi","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-28","url":null,"abstract":"By Travis N. Miles, Dongxiao Zhang, Gregory R. Foltz, Jun A. Zhang, Christian Meinig, Francis Bringas, Joaquin Triñanes, Matthieu Le Hénaff, Maria F. Aristizabal Vargas, Sam Coakley, Catherine R. Edwards, Donglai Gong, Robert E. Todd, Matthew J. Oliver, W. Douglas Wilson, Kerri Whilden, Barbara Kirkpatrick, Patricia Chardon-Maldonado, Julio M. Morell, Debra Hernandez, Gerhard Kuska, Cheyenne D. Stienbarger, Kathleen Bailey, Chidong Zhang, Scott M. Glenn, and Gustavo J. Goni","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46308263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean Observing in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre","authors":"N. Bates, Rodney C. Johnson","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}