Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence and distribution of bovine and porcine cysticercosis in rural areas of Mpumalanga province, South Africa.","authors":"Usman A Ahmed, Malitaba A Mlangeni, Ana M Tsotetsi-Khambule","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2261","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cysticercosis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the larval stages of Taenia asiatica, T. saginata and T. solium. Its prevalence varies across regions, with limited data available in South Africa, particularly in Mpumalanga province. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and distribution of bovine and porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of Mpumalanga province, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Ehlanzeni and Nkangala districts. Blood samples were collected from 384 cattle and 336 pigs and analysed using the Apdia® cysticercosis AgELISA kit. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds of infection, with statistical significance set at p  0.05. Overall seroprevalence of bovine cysticercosis was 35.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.5-40.2), while porcine cysticercosis was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.8-7.6). Seroprevalence varied across districts and municipalities in Mpumalanga province, with evidence of spatial heterogeneity in both cattle and pigs. The higher prevalence in cattle is likely because of free-range grazing practices, increasing exposure to Taenia-contaminated environments. Pigs, mostly penned, had lower infection rates.Contribution: This study provides the first baseline data on bovine and porcine cysticercosis in Mpumalanga province, highlighting the need for improved livestock management, sanitation, farmer education and targeted surveillance to reduce transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"e1-e6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of the best method for inherent tannin reduction and high nutrient retention.","authors":"Sipho Silotolo, Nkosinathi F Makhubela, Nhlamulo Chauke, Kedibone G Mawela","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2236","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Raw legume seeds used in feed contain high antinutritive factors, such as tannins, which threaten livestock farming. Hence, the aim of the study was to (1) carry out single (raw plus dehulling [R + D]; soaking plus dehulling [S + D]; autoclaving plus dehulling [A + D]; infusion plus dehulling [I + D]; microwaving plus dehulling [M + D]; cooking plus dehulling [C + D] and combination [S + A + D; S + I + D; S + M + D; S + C + D; I + M + D, I + A + D]) processing methods on Cicer arietinum, Arachis hypogaea, and Phaseolus vulgaris; (2) determine dry weight yield and tannin reduction; (3) perform proximate and mineral analysis; (4) select the best method based on cost-effectiveness, high tannin reduction and high nutrient retention. The legume seeds were processed, dried, ground, and analysed for dry weight yield, tannin reduction, and proximate (ash, moisture, protein) and mineral (magnesium [Mg], zinc (Zn], copper [Cu], iron [Fe]) contents. A microplate reader and inductively coupled plasma were used as analytical tools. The results showed the highest (97.7%) and lowest (53%) dry weight yields in R + D and I + A + D, respectively. Effective tannin reductions were recorded in I + D (97.8%), S + D (93.9%), S + C + D (96.6%), S + M + D (92.2%), S + I + D (93.8), C + D (91.8%) and S + A + D (84.6%) methods with statistical significance (p  0.05). Furthermore, ash, moisture, proteins and mineral retention had a range of 29% - 62% to indicate that tannin removal had no effect on nutrient compositions. Although S + M + D (62%) had the highest nutrient retention, S + D (53%) was selected as the best method as it satisfied all the requirements.Contribution: An effective processing method for use in rural farming to reduce tannins without compromising nutrition of the legume seeds was introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"e1-e13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of selected commercial dairy cattle farmers regarding neosporosis in South Africa.","authors":"Whatmore M Tagwireyi, Darshana Morar-Leather, Peter Thompson, Luis Neves, Gema Alvarez-Garcia","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2256","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neospora caninum is a cyst-forming coccidian protozoan with a broad host range and is maintained through a complex facultative heteroxenous life cycle involving definitive canid hosts and various warm-blooded intermediate hosts. In cattle, it is a major cause of infectious abortion, leading to significant losses in productivity and profitability worldwide. This study surveyed 48 commercial dairy farmers across seven milk-producing regions in South Africa to assess knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices regarding bovine neosporosis. Most respondents were commercial farmers (98%), managed mixed-breed cattle (48%), operated farms larger than 500 hectares (48%) and had cattle averaging 3-5 years in age (77%). Only 21% of farmers were aware of neosporosis. Despite limited knowledge, 77% demonstrated good disease management practices, and 52% had positive attitudes towards control efforts. Three variables were significantly associated with the odds of positive practice and positive attitude scores. Farms with herds over 500 animals were 41.7 times more likely (95% confidence interval: 1.5-5237.3) to exhibit good practices. Farms that used total mixed ration were associated with better practices, while the presence of wildlife was associated with poorer attitudes. Additionally, farms that reported the presence of wildlife were less likely to have a positive attitude score. No specific factors were found to be associated with increased disease knowledge.Contribution: This study highlights the critical knowledge gap and the need for greater awareness and targeted biosecurity measures for bovine neosporosis. It also identified neosporosis as a neglected abortifacient in dairy cattle in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, practice, and risk of exposure of abattoir workers to Mycobacterium spp. in abattoirs and non-abattoir environments in Gauteng province, South Africa.","authors":"Vuyokazi E Mareledwane, Tiny M Hlokwe, Yusuf B Ngoshe, Abiodun A Adesiyun","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2250","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, remains a global public health hazard. Information based on knowledge, practices, and associated risks among high-risk occupations, such as veterinarians and abattoir workers, is crucial. A close-end questionnaire was used to interview 103 abattoir workers during sampling visits, and data on their knowledge, practices, and potential exposure to Mycobacterium spp. were collected. More males (87/103, 84.47%) participated in the study, with the majority (83/103, 80.58%) working in the abattoirs' slaughter and meat processing sections. A high proportion (88.35%) of participants were knowledgeable about TB. A relatively low proportion of abattoir workers were aware that they could transmit TB to animals (44.6%) and that they could acquire the disease from animals (45.7%), suggesting that they may know about the disease but little about its mode of transmission. To reduce exposure to infectious bacteria, personal protective equipment (PPE) was worn when handling carcasses at abattoirs, with 95.15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.92-99.37) reporting its use. Non-abattoir potential exposure to Mycobacterium spp. among abattoir workers included the consumption of undercooked meat (10.68%; 95% CI: 4.61-16.75), slaughtering of animals at home (47.57%; 95% CI: 37.76-57.38), and consuming raw milk (25.24%; 95% CI: 16.71-33.77). It is therefore not enough for abattoir workers to know about bovine TB; they must also understand other aspects of the disease, particularly its transmission.Contribution: Our findings revealed a high proportion of workers following good PPE donning practices when handling carcasses, thereby minimising the transmission of zoonotic diseases such as TB. Consumption of raw milk and undercooked meat are significant risks associated with the transmission of zoonotic TB. Therefore, to reduce the risks and improve the overall well-being, awareness programmes regarding control and prevention are crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of rabies-neutralising antibodies in non-human primates after the injection of adjuvanted and inactivated rabies vaccine.","authors":"Yacine Souissi, Mariem Handous, Mohamed Bayoudh, Sarra Torjemane, Médiha Khamassi Khbou","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2238","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v93i1.2238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of this study is to evaluate the humoral response of 33 captive non-human primates from the Friguia zoo Park (Sousse district, Tunisia) following vaccination with an adjuvanted and inactivated rabies virus vaccine. The animals were sampled at day one, then at day 30, day 180 and day 365 post-vaccination. Antibody titration was performed using the FAVN (fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation) method in the national reference laboratory for rabies in Tunisia at the Pasteur Institute of Tunis. One-month post-vaccination, 100% of animals seroconverted, and 76.5% maintained a high titre up to 1 year. However, a decrease in titres was observed at day 180 and day 365, mainly in baboons and apes, respectively, whereas lemurs maintained a high titre up to 1-year post-vaccination.Contribution: In light of these results, we can recommend that the vaccination protocol for the primates at Friguia zoo Park be based on an initial vaccination with the adjuvanted and inactivated rabies virus vaccine, followed by an annual booster for lemurs and a semi-annual booster for baboons and apes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"e1-e9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and subtyping of avian influenza A virus from wild birds in Khartoum, Sudan.","authors":"Wegdan H Ali, Intisar K Saeed, Shaza M Mutwakil, Muzdalifa H Alamin, Abdelgader A Balla, Mona A E Ahmed, Abubaker A Saeed, Rayan M Asil, Omer A Algezoli, Muaz M Abdellatif, Yahia H Ali","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2228","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian influenza (AI) is a significant disease affecting chickens and other avian species. Wild birds are thought to contribute to the virus transmission. The present study intends to explore the existence of AI type A virus in wild birds at the Six April Zoo, Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 42 cloacal and tracheal swabs were collected from clinically healthy individuals belonging to five different wild bird species. The selected wild bird species were Common crane Grus grus, Sudan crowned crane Balearica pavonina, Helmeted guinea fowl Numida meleagris, Duck sp. Anatidae and Chestnut-billed sand grouse Pterocles exustus. Swabs were examined for AI virus antigen using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and all tested swabs produced positive results. The swab samples were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs. The isolated virus was identified by AGID test and polymerase chain reaction. The virus was isolated from swabs collected from Grus grus, Balearica pavonina, Numida meleagris, Duck sp. Anatidae and Pterocles exustus. Subtyping of the isolated viruses was performed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, which identified the H5 subtype.Contribution: The present study confirmed the existence and isolation of type A AI virus from different species of wild birds as well as subtyping of its virus for the first time in Khartoum State, Sudan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"e1-e5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12817012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peste des petits ruminants cases in Nigeria: A 10-year retrospective study from 2015 to 2024.","authors":"Deborah A Adetunji, Oluwaseun A Ogundijo, Ahmad I Al-Mustapha, Habiba Momoh, John O Emethilue, Oluwakemi A Osunderu, Veronica E Adetunji, Emmanuel J Awosanya","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2240","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an endemic, transboundary animal disease (TAD) that affects small ruminants and threatens Nigeria's food and economic security. This study evaluated the PPR cases in Nigeria using data from the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS). Secondary data of PPR (2015-2024) were analysed as descriptive statistics, and we forecasted PPR cases from 2025 to 2030. Our findings showed temporal variations in PPR reports and case trends, with more cases (reports) between 2020 and 2024. There were significant variations in PPR cases across the six agro-ecological zones of Nigeria (p = 0.025) and across the states (p  0.001). Bauchi (27.6%, n = 19 557/70 827) had over one-quarter of all national disease load, and Katsina had 9.6% (n = 6767/70 827) of the national PPR cases over the study period. Seven states had less than 50 cases, with Lagos and Ogun states having the lowest reports of PPR with 19 and 9 cases, respectively. Trend analysis forecasted an annual increase in the number of PPR cases, with at least 20 048 PPR cases in 2025, 22 838 cases in 2026, 25 737 cases in 2027, 28 745 cases in 2028, 31 860 cases in 2029, with the estimated number of cases rising to approximately 35 085 cases by 2030. The average case fatality rate for the 10 years was 14.1%. Hence, we estimated that at least 23 168 animals will be lost to PPR over the forecasted period.Contribution: The study emphasises the need for region-specific surveillance, targeted vaccination strategies, and predictive modelling tools for effective control and eradication efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"e1-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular investigation of Neospora caninum in cattle in the Khomas region of Namibia.","authors":"Alaster Samkange, Simbarashe Chitanga, Pricilla Mbiri, Ophelia C Matomola, Luis Neves, Paul T Matjila","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2237","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neosporosis is a leading cause of bovine abortions worldwide, with a substantial economic impact because of reproductive losses, costing the cattle industry billions of dollars annually. Despite the global significance of Neospora caninum, molecular studies on this protozoan parasite have yet to be conducted in cattle in Southern Africa, leaving a critical knowledge gap in countries like Namibia, where beef production is vital to the economy. This study aimed to detect latent N. caninum infections in beef cattle brain and heart muscle samples collected from abattoirs and blood samples from Neospora-seropositive animals within Namibia's Khomas region. One hundred and ninety-nine samples were collected, comprising 110 brain samples, 75 heart muscle samples and 14 whole blood samples. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed using Np6 and Np21 primers targeting a ≈340 base pair (bp) segment of the Nc5 gene. All samples tested negative. These results were likely because of the low prevalence of this parasite in Namibian beef cattle, as reported in a previous serosurvey. Future studies focusing on aborted foetuses over a longer timeframe may increase the likelihood of detecting positive cases.Contribution: This study represents the first published molecular investigation of N. caninum in beef cattle in Southern Africa. The negative results underscore the challenges of detecting N. caninum in tissues from clinically healthy cattle, particularly in a semi-arid country like Namibia, where the prevalence of the pathogen is inherently low.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"e1-e4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex PCR for differentiating Ornithodoros tick vectors in South Africa: Proof of concept.","authors":"Susan West, Juanita Van Emmenes, Carin Boshoff","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2225","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) is a severe viral haemorrhagic disease affecting domestic pigs, maintained by ASF virus within an ancient sylvatic cycle involving Ornithodoros ticks that inhabit warthog burrows. This study aimed to develop and optimise a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to differentiate three Ornithodoros species in South Africa - O. moubata, O. phacochoerus and O. waterbergensis, to enhance ASF vector identification and management. The final multiplex PCR effectively distinguished between species with specific amplicon sizes: 180 base pairs (bp) for O. moubata, 640 bp for O. phacochoerus and 1000 bp for O. waterbergensis.Contribution: This refined multiplex PCR method demonstrates proof of concept as a reliable and rapid tool for distinguishing Ornithodoros species and correlating them with their geographical origins. This assay, based on amplification size, provides crucial information about the distribution of these species, which could enhance ASF control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"e1-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12587147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145439984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seropositivity and diagnostic challenges of bovine brucellosis in Limpopo and Free State (2013-2022).","authors":"Emmanuel Seakamela, Itumeleng Matle, Sunday Ochai, Henriette Van Heerden","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2224","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ojvr.v92i1.2224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis, a contagious zoonotic bacterial infection affecting livestock and wildlife, is primarily caused by Brucella abortus, globally. However, in South Africa, the true prevalence of bovine brucellosis remains unknown because of a lack of epidemiological data. Therefore, this study used diagnostic data to evaluate and determine the seropositivity of bovine brucellosis based on Rose Bengal test (RBT) screening and confirmation with complement fixation test (CFT) in Limpopo and Free State provinces between 2013 and 2022. The use and limitations of this data were also evaluated based on the bovine brucellosis scheme in South Africa. The study revealed the overall seropositivity of 4.2% (n = 8980/212 440) for bovine brucellosis based on RBT and CFT in series. In Limpopo province, the brucellosis seropositivity was slightly higher at 4.3% (n = 7488/173 011) compared to 3.8% (n = 1492/39 429) in Free State province. Analysis of brucellosis distribution over the study period indicated significant variation (p  0.001) both between and within the provinces. Notably, the highest prevalence in Limpopo occurred during 2013-2017, whereas in Free State, peak prevalence was observed in 2013 and 2016. Challenges preventing an accurate reflection of the brucellosis seropositivity in these provinces for the period include a lack of data on vaccination history and herd status of the samples submitted, as well as the inability to match the CFT results from different laboratories, because some laboratories are only accredited to perform the RBT.Contribution: Insights gained from retrospective studies such as this study can play crucial roles in shaping effective control and preventative measures against bovine brucellosis. Given the challenges in obtaining confirmatory test results, we suggest that brucellosis tests be conducted at a single central laboratory or that the government provides a central database where all laboratories can enter their data. Furthermore, information submitted to the laboratories must make herd and vaccine history compulsory for sample submission to ensure more accurate data.</p>","PeriodicalId":54685,"journal":{"name":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12587133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}