Optical Switching and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Performance of resource delayed release strategy in software-defined OTN over WDM networks for uniform and non-uniform traffic","authors":"Shideh Yavary Mehr ,&nbsp;Byrav Ramamurthy ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Bingli Guo ,&nbsp;Shanguo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In today's wide area networks, especially in Optical Transport Networks<span><span> (OTN) with Software Defined Networking (SDN) features enabled over </span>Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) is an important service that can be satisfied by dynamic end-to-end service provisioning. Service provisioning time (SPT) and </span></span>Blocking Probability<span> (BP) are critical performance metrics for the users and carriers. This paper extends the concept of the Resource Delayed Release (RDR) strategy for WDM networks<span><span>. The basic idea of this strategy is to introduce a delay in releasing the optical channel, when the channel is no longer carrying any services. This delay can help speed up the provisioning time for carrying the next service request, avoiding the time usually taken to establish a new optical channel. The main goals of the RDR method are to reduce SPT and BP while simultaneously satisfying the quality of service (QoS) constraints. In this paper, we investigate the effects of uniform and non-uniform traffic on the performance of RDR strategy. For non-uniform traffic simulation, we use a </span>mesh topology with the 14 most populous cities in USA as of 2018 and model the non-uniform traffic based on population density. Further, we introduce a new metric called the Bandwidth Blocking Probability (BBP) to measure the quality of the service offered by the network. Simulation results show advantages of using the RDR method under a wide variety of traffic scenarios for both uniform and non-uniform traffic distributions compared to the traditional method. RDR reduces SPT by 45–90% for uniform traffic and 41–75% for non-uniform traffic. RDR reduces BP by 35–85% for uniform traffic and 30–75% for non-uniform traffic. Additionally, RDR lowers BBP by 31–73% for uniform traffic and 29–68% for non-uniform traffic.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133333623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonblocking conditions for a multicast WSW architecture based on subtree scheme for elastic optical networks","authors":"Bey-Chi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Elastic optical networks (EONs) are a promising solution for future high-speed </span>optical communication<span><span>, and multicasting in EONs can efficiently support many emerging services. Different schemes, such as path, tree and subtree schemes, serve multicast services. In this paper, we consider a three-stage wavelength-space-wavelength (WSW) node architecture, which adopts wavelength switches in the first and last stages and space switches in the middle stage, and uses the path scheme to accommodate multicast requests, as proposed in an earlier work for elastic optical networks. We also enhance the WSW architecture to serve multicast requests in a more spectrum-efficient way, namely, using the subtree scheme, by making each switch </span>support multicast<span> capacity, and we term the resulting architecture M-WSW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the WSW architecture using the subtree scheme to support multicast capacity. We prove the sufficient and necessary conditions, in terms of the number of middle switches, of the M-WSW architecture for being strictly nonblocking (SNB) and wide-sense nonblocking (WSNB) under the two routing algorithms proposed in this paper. Our results show that the number of middle switches required for the architecture to be WSNB under each of the two proposed routing algorithms is much less than the number of middle switches required for SNB, especially when the SNB results meet the boundary condition.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116195649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Optical Packet Switching failed and can Elastic Optical Networks take its place?","authors":"Franco Callegati ,&nbsp;Davide Careglio ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Bonani ,&nbsp;Mario Pickavet ,&nbsp;Josep Solé-Pareta","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this special issue devoted to the memory of Prof. Fabio Neri we would like to look back at the time of the international research projects where some of us collaborated with him. On the basis of our personal experience of the time and the current viewpoint, we will discuss why Optical Packet Switching (OPS) is a technology that never came to market in spite of the great amount of research that was devoted to it. Then we will explore how Elastic Optical Network came to the stage more recently, somewhat overcoming the OPS technical proposal both in the interest of the researchers as well as of the industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127678683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical networks management and control: A review and recent challenges","authors":"Nicola Andriolli ,&nbsp;Alessio Giorgetti ,&nbsp;Piero Castoldi ,&nbsp;Gabriele Cecchetti ,&nbsp;Isabella Cerutti ,&nbsp;Nicola Sambo ,&nbsp;Andrea Sgambelluri ,&nbsp;Luca Valcarenghi ,&nbsp;Filippo Cugini ,&nbsp;Barbara Martini ,&nbsp;Francesco Paolucci","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In the last twenty years, optical networks have witnessed </span>recurrent<span> changes in their management and control architecture. In this paper, we present a historical timeline and a future perspective of the evolution of optical network management and control deployed for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (WSON), Elastic Optical Networks (EON) and (multilayer) Data Center Networks.</span></p><p><span><span>Early implementations of WSON envisaged a static and centralized provisioning approach supported by the Management Plane only. Gradually, the requirement of accommodating more network dynamicity in WSON, and later in EON, pushed the adoption of a distributed control, mostly supported by vendor-dependent implementations of the Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching (GMPLS) protocol suite. The drawbacks of the fully distributed GMPLS-based control, such as resource contention, suboptimal resource usage, and complex computations (e.g., to account for </span>physical layer constraints) showed the necessity to bring back some of the routing/provisioning functions to a centralized Path Computation Element (PCE) capable of accounting for e.g. </span>physical impairments and interworking with GMPLS.</p><p>The centralized control then gained its momentum and brought a radical change in network control, through the separation of data and control plane introduced by the paradigm of Software Defined Networking (SDN). Such an approach has been gradually extended to optical network control.</p><p><span>The paper, eventually, presents the most advanced control techniques, namely the intent-based networking, the observe/decide/act state-based approach providing for autonomic<span> optical network and the (closed-loop) zero-touch service management approach. Advanced traffic conditioning techniques are also detailed, namely the in-band telemetry and the exploitation of Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4) language capabilities as well as solutions tailored for data center networks: all of them are still in a research stage and to be integrated within future optical </span></span>network architectures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134534465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Bandwidth allocation algorithm for avoiding Frame rearrangement in NG-EPON","authors":"Ammar Rafiq ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faisal Hayat ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Younus","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Next Generation Ethernet Passive Optical Network<span><span> (NG-EPON) is considered to be future prospective access technology that could help to achieve 100Gbps data rates. Wavelength bonding is a phenomenon that can help Optical Network Units (ONU) to enhance their transmission capabilities. Using wavelength bonding, an ONU could transmit on multiple </span>wavelength channels in parallel. The ONUs can achieve </span></span>data transmission rates<span> ranging from 25Gbps to 100Gbps. In upstream direction<span>, ONUs share different available channels in time-sharing manner to effectively utilize the resources in NG-EPON. Dynamic Wavelength &amp; Bandwidth Allocation (DWBA) algorithm is required for efficient allocation of wavelength and bandwidth resources in upstream direction. DWBA plays a vital role to help ONUs for transmission on multiple channels simultaneously. When an ONU transmits on multiple channels, a frame-rearrangement problem would occur at the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). OLT suffers from an extra overhead of frame-rearrangement; as the received frames at OLT are not in proper sequence. DWBA can play a vital role in avoiding frame rearrangement overhead. We proposed a DWBA algorithm to avoid/minimize frame rearrangement problem and efficient bandwidth allocation in NG-EPON. Our proposed DWBA avoids and minimizes frame-rearrangement problem and provides efficient resource allocation. We comparatively analyzed and evaluated our proposed DWBA with the existing DWBA algorithm. The simulation results show that our proposed DWBA minimizes frame-rearrangement problem as compared to existing DWBA algorithms and proves to be more efficient based on average (end-to-end) delay and completion time.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2021.100645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124141799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-margin efficient power and spectrum assignment in elastic optical networks","authors":"Layhon Roberto Rodrigues dos Santos ,&nbsp;Taufik Abrão","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this work the spectrum and power allocation<span> (SPA) trade-off in elastic optical network<span> (EON) is discussed in terms of the residual margin and residual spectrum in real-time application, both terms refer to the normalization of the sum-power and sum-spectrum in the resource allocation, respectively. Realistic scenarios have been investigated using optical performance monitoring techniques to measure the quality of transmission (QoT). The SPA-EON problem is formulated and three algorithms finding improved performance-complexity trade-offs are proposed to solve it: </span></span></span><em>i</em><span>) an analytical method based on combinatorial optimization, namely SPA-CO algorithm, ensuring the optimal solution but with a high computational cost; </span><em>ii</em>) a sub-optimum low-complexity method based on distance adaptive transmission (DAT), namely SPA-DAT, and <em>iii</em>) an SPA algorithm based on the distributed Verhulst algorithm, namely SPA-V, which achieves good solutions under acceptable computational time. A bunch of metrics, including probability of success, sum-power, and allocated spectrum are evaluated for the three SPA algorithms. The SPA-V was proved to be promising in EON operation, achieving the best performance-complexity trade-off.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124701374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep neural network with a fuzzy multi-objective optimization model for fault analysis in an elastic optical network","authors":"André Luiz Ferraz Lourenço,&nbsp;Amílcar Careli César","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The elastic optical network (EON) is the most attractive architecture for the next generation of optical networks. Dealing with high bit-rate traffic, EON faces the challenge of ensuring </span>survivability to operate with stringent </span>Service Level Agreements<span>. This article proposes a Deep Neural Network<span><span> model with a multi-objective Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to solve the Routing and Spectrum Assignment problem with Shared Backup Path Protection. The algorithm aims to optimize the trade-off between </span>blocking probability<span> (BP) and fault restoration ratio (FRR). It uses a new spectrum-fragmentation metric to improve the FRR of affected connections. The FIS adds features of load balancing and alignment of allocation path solutions. We use figures of merit as BP of connection requests, FRR, spectrum utilization ratio, and connection downtime to evaluate the algorithm performance. The proposed algorithm organizes traffic in a less fragmented way, efficiently uses routing and protection resources, and performs well compared to similar algorithms related in the literature.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2021.100644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131712951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient dynamic routing in Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks based on traffic categorization and supervised learning methods","authors":"Róża Goścień,&nbsp;Paweł Ksieniewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we focus on the efficient dynamic routing in <span><em>Spectrally-Spatially Flexible </em><em>Optical Networks</em></span> (<span>ss-fon</span>) realized using <em>Single-Mode Fiber Bundles</em> (<span>smfb</span>s). We study two scenarios – unprotected network (<span>np</span>) and network protected by dedicated path protection (<span>dpp</span>) against a single link failure. For these configurations, we propose a dedicated optimization approach (<em>Enhanced Adaptive Spectral-Spatial Allocation</em> – <span>e-assa</span>), which makes use of the traffic categorization and application of different allocation strategies for different traffic categories. To select beneficial categorization rules, we employ <em>supervised learning</em><span> paradigm. We show that the selection of a beneficial regression algorithm to support network optimization cannot be performed based only on standard metrics like r2 but some additional measures/experiments are necessary. Then, we carry out extensive numerical experiments in order to tune the approach and to evaluate its efficiency based on the comparison with reference methods. The results prove high efficiency of the proposed optimization framework, which provides low blocking probability and significantly shorter processing time compared to the best of reference methods.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123419388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-state-dependent routing and route-dependent spectrum assignment for PRMLSA problem in all-optical elastic networks","authors":"V.A.C. Vale ,&nbsp;R.C. Almeida Jr. ,&nbsp;K.D.R. Assis","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The advent of Elastic Optical Networks<span> (EON) has led to significant improvements in optical network spectrum utilization when compared to Wavelength Division Multiplexing<span> Optical Networks. However, the EON brought challenges to be explored, notably the Power, Routing, Modulation Level and Spectrum Assignment (PRMLSA) problem. This article aims to explore techniques for the PRMLSA problem, being developed two strategies named Shortest and Least Allocated (SLA) Path and Route-Based Spectrum Assignment (RBSA), which, respectively, include the link </span></span></span>power spectral density<span> inspection dynamic for routing and a physical layer factor (distance traveled) for Spectrum Assignment. Furthermore, a simplified version of the Adaptive Power Assignment (APA) [1] algorithm is presented, in which a power value between the minimum necessary and the maximum allowed is assigned to the signal. The simultaneous use of the SLA and RBSA algorithms resulted in locks of up to 0.00132%, being more than 10 times lower than the 0.0164% of the Shortest-Path and First-Fit algorithms. While the simplification of the APA resulted in 18.38% of the execution time of its respective original version, but with an increase in the </span></span>blocking probability, which went from 0.016% to 0.031%, despite still being below conventional techniques, as the Constant Power Assignment strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127671730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel evolutionary planning technique for flexible-grid transmission in optical networks","authors":"Matheus R. Sena ,&nbsp;Pedro J. Freire ,&nbsp;Leonardo D. Coelho ,&nbsp;Alex F. Santos ,&nbsp;Antonio Napoli ,&nbsp;Raul C. Almeida Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper proposes a novel joint resource allocation technique for flexible-grid systems by utilizing non-dominant sort </span>genetic algorithm<span> (NSGA-II) in a multi-objective optimization framework. It pioneers the implementation of an evolutionary mechanism to optimize resources as means of mitigation of physical layer impairments. This investigation initially introduces a proposal in which bandwidth reduction, maximization of the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin, and minimization/maximization of the sum of SNR margins are studied under dual-objective </span></span>Pareto analysis in the link-level scenario. Later, the technique extends existing provisioning strategies for network planning by targeting the reduction of blocking and spectral utilization of optical connections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131618966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}