Optical Switching and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Leveraging genetic algorithm to address multi-failure localization in optical networks","authors":"Masoud Vejdannik,&nbsp;Ali Sadr","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Fault management has long been an indispensable component for controlling and managing telecommunication networks<span>. To prevent huge data losses, it is necessary to develop a fast and efficient fault localization<span> mechanism. In this work, we study the problem of multi-failure localization in transparent optical networks<span>. In this context, a correlation-based approach is introduced to exploit the quality of transmission of acquired lightpaths to localize the faulty links. The proposed search-based framework can be implemented by leveraging any search algorithm. One may utilize the </span></span></span></span>exhaustive search<span><span> method to localize faulty links more accurately, but at the cost of taking more time. On the other hand, one may utilize intelligent search methods with the aim of reducing the required time for localization at the expense of accuracy. However, we propose to use both of the search approaches together. In this way, faulty links are first localized by the intelligent search methods to reroute and restore the failed traffic as fast as possible to prevent further loss of data. To this aim, a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to search among the suspected links. Subsequently, exhaustive search method can be utilized to localize failures more accurately without time constraint and then send technicians to the right site to recover the faulty links. The obtained results reveal that the proposed GA approach achieves overall high </span>localization accuracy (98.6%–100%) that is insignificantly affected as the traffic load decreases. Dual and triple-failure incidents are localized within 42–80 ms and 596–2180 ms, respectively. It is shown that the mean time required for localizing failures using the GA search algorithm is significantly lower than exhaustive search approach by several orders of magnitude. Hence, the proposed GA-based fault localization algorithm can reduce the average time required to restore the traffic in case of failures, applicable for the restoration applications.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routing, modulation level, and spectrum assignment in elastic optical networks. A route-permutation based genetic algorithms","authors":"Melisa M. Rosa Villamayor-Paredes,&nbsp;Luis Víctor Maidana-Benítez,&nbsp;José Colbes,&nbsp;Diego P. Pinto-Roa","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The routing, modulation level, and spectrum allocation (RMLSA) problem is crucial for efficient elastic </span>optical networks. This problem has been approached by optimal-and-non-scalable and sub-optimal-and-scalable solutions. In the second approach, we can distinguish the routing-based and permutation-based meta-heuristics. These approaches explore a sub-set of the RMLSA solutions, and consequently, the calculation of high-quality solutions can be limited.</p><p>This work proposes an RMLSA solution that considers the routing and request permutation simultaneously to explore a larger portion of the set of RMLSA solutions than state-of-the-art meta-heuristics. The proposed RMLSA solution is based on a genetic algorithm (GA) whose chromosome structure encodes routing and permutation genes.</p><p><span><span>Performance analysis of the proposed route-permutation-based GA (RPGA) has been compared to the state-of-the-art based on integer linear programming (ILP), route-based GA (RGA), and permutation-based GA (PGA) in offline and </span>online traffic scenarios. Offline traffic simulations show that RPGA is promising since it obtains similar results to ILP. RGA gets worst as the traffic load increases compared to PGA and RPGA approaches. RGA, PGA, and RPGA achieve the same performance in all dynamic scenarios concerning blocking and </span>entropy measures, given the set of requests is small.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metropolitan optical networks: A survey on single-layer architectures","authors":"Léia Sousa de Sousa ,&nbsp;André C. Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Metropolitan optical networks are undergoing significant transformations to continue being able to provide services that meet the requirements of the applications of the future. The current deployment of the </span>5G networks and the envisioned 6G cyber–physical systems would expand the possibilities for offering </span>IoT<span> applications, autonomous vehicles, and smart city services while imposing strong pressure on the physical infrastructure. In order to guarantee the strictest quality of service and quality of experience requirements for users, new architectures have been proposed in the literature for metropolitan optical networks, with a growing interest in the last five years. However, due to the proliferation of a dozen new architectures in the last years, many questions need to be investigated regarding the planning, implementation, and management of these architectures, before they could be considered for practical application. This work presents a comprehensive survey of the new proposed single-layer (purely optical) architectures for metropolitan optical networks. First, we discuss the structural organization of the new metro ecosystems. Second, the already established and novel architectures are presented, highlighting their characteristics and application. Third, we carry out a comparative analysis of these architectures to identify future technological trends. Finally, we have drawn outstanding research questions to help direct future research in the field.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme towards improving the performance of XG-PON system","authors":"Garima ,&nbsp;Vivekanand Jha ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Time division multiplexed passive optical networks (TDM-PONs) such as </span>EPON, XG-PON, XGS-PON, etc. have become widely accepted </span>network architectures<span><span><span><span> for meeting the bandwidth requirement of high-end consumer applications. The available bandwidth is still limited and needs to be utilized efficiently. There are scenarios when one </span>ONU may completely dominate the </span>network bandwidth leading to starvation of another ONUs. This may happen for an ONU in every allocation cycle. This enforces the OLT to provide such a fair allocation scheme that would provide a chance to different ONUs during polling and scheduling mechanism. This paper presents two novel </span>DBA<span> schemes namely the analytic hierarchy process proportional allocation scheme (AHP-PAS) and weighted sum model proportional allocation scheme (WSM-PAS) to determine the order of a transmission container (T-CONT) of an ONU for polling and scheduling. The proposed schemes are implemented in the network simulator (NS-3) and compared with the existing proportional allocation scheme (PAS) for inter-ONU and intra-ONU. The obtained results confirm that the proposed DBA schemes significantly improve the network performance in terms of delay </span></span></span>fairness index<span>, upstream mean delay, packet loss ratio, and packet jitter for T-CONT 2, 3, and 4.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive optimal power allocation scheme based on intelligent user association for NOMA-VLC systems","authors":"Qian Li,&nbsp;Tao Shang,&nbsp;Tang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>In this paper, the joint problem of user association and </span>power allocation<span> for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-visible light communication (VLC) systems is investigated. First, a novel intelligent user association (UA) method for multi-user NOMA-VLC is proposed to improve the multiplexing efficiency. Second, a new adaptive optimal power allocation scheme based on the UA method is presented and three corresponding </span></span>mathematical optimization<span> problems are established, aiming to optimize the system throughput while each user's illumination requirement, quality of service demand, eye safety, and transmission power limit are satisfied simultaneously. Third, for the error propagation at the NOMA receiver, the perfect and imperfect interference cancellations are considered in the established power allocation models. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme on the VLC network capacity under perfect and imperfect interference cancellation. Furthermore, it is also found that the proposed scheme could achieve higher system throughput by modifying users' field-of-views (FOVs).</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SDN-based band-adaptive quality assurance scheme in support of heterogenous B5G services over sliceable multi-band optical networks","authors":"Albert Pagès,&nbsp;Fernando Agraz,&nbsp;Salvatore Spadaro","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The rise of traffic intensive services and applications is pushing the limits of conventional single band Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) </span>optical networks<span><span>. As an answer to this challenge, new data plane technologies are being investigated. Multi-band optical networks have raised as a very interesting candidate due to the potential increased capacity they offer thanks to the exploitation of multiple bands of the optical spectrum. Considering the whole telecom ecosystem, multi-band optical networks will coexist with other technological segments (e.g., </span>Radio Access Network (RAN)) with the aim of provisioning services across the end-to-end infrastructure. With the advent of </span></span>5G and beyond 5G (B5G) architectures, novel provisioning paradigms are taking preponderance, such as the case of network slicing, which represents a radical paradigm change with respect to legacy business and provisioning models. As such, proper solutions for supporting network slice provisioning and runtime maintenance at the data plane are required. With this in mind, in this paper we present a control and orchestration architecture for the configuration and maintenance of network slices in multi-band optical networks, in support of B5G end-to-end services. Indeed, quality assurance and maintenance at all levels is seen as a cornerstone in B5G architectures. Thus, proper mechanisms adapted to the nature of the underlying sliceable multi-band data plane are required to ensure the quality of deployed slices. In this regard, we also present a novel band-adaptive protection scheme which takes advantage of the properties of the multi-band data plane so as to enhance the robustness of slices against quality degradations. We showcase the provisioning and maintenance of multi-band optical network slices by means of an experimental demonstration in a real </span>testbed deployed at our premises. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the proposed band-adaptive protection scheme for slice quality assurance in front of other strategies by means of extensive simulation analysis in larger network scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impairment- and fragmentation-aware dynamic routing, modulation and spectrum allocation in C+L band elastic optical networks using Q-learning","authors":"Jaya Lakshmi Ravipudi,&nbsp;Maïté Brandt-Pearce","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents a Q-learning based dynamic routing algorithm for C+L band elastic optical networks (EONs) considering fiber impairments such as cross-phase modulation (XPM), self-phase modulation (SPM), amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS). The effect of fragmentation is considered in the Q-learning process in addition to considering constraints related to spectrum continuity, contiguity, and non-overlapping. Three classical spectrum allocation strategies, first-fit, last-fit, and exact-fit are used after the Q-learning routing algorithm. The proposed routing, modulation, and spectrum allocation (RMSA) approach is shown to have a lower blocking probability compared with using K-shortest path routing combined with the three classical spectrum allocation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Performance and challenges of Bi-directional resource allocation in multi-core space division multiplexing elastic optical networks” [Opt. Switch. Netw. 46 (2022) 100685]","authors":"Abdul Wadud ,&nbsp;Anas Basalamah","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49766217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Load adaptive merging algorithm for multi-tenant PON environments","authors":"Khalid Hussain Mohammadani ,&nbsp;Rizwan Aslam Butt ,&nbsp;Kamran Ali Memon ,&nbsp;Nazish Nawaz Hussaini ,&nbsp;Arshad Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Wavelength division multiplexingtime division multiplexing passive optical network<span> (WDM/TDM-PON) is the attractive candidate for PON bandwidth sharing among multiple service providers, featuring massive bandwidth and longer reach. This infrastructure reduces the overall cost of the Fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) services and offers relatively lower tariffs for the end customers. The dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation (DBWA) process in such PON networks ensure the fair sharing of the available bandwidth resources among the virtual network operators (</span></span><span><math><mrow><mi>vNOs</mi></mrow></math></span>). The earlier reported DBWA schemes with multiple <span><math><mrow><mi>vNOs</mi></mrow></math></span><span> have not efficiently utilized the unused and residual upstream bandwidth. This study presents a novel load adaptive merging algorithm (LAMA) for converting various individual virtual bandwidth maps(</span><span><math><mrow><mi>vBWmaps</mi></mrow></math></span>) into a single physical bandwidth map (<span><math><mrow><mi>phyBWMap</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. The LAMA scheme modifies the existing strict priority scheme called the Priority-Based Merging Algorithm (PBMA) scheme and improves the performance of the merging engine by allocating the <span><math><mrow><mi>phyBWMap</mi></mrow></math></span> in a load adaptive manner to the <span><math><mrow><mi>vNOs</mi></mrow></math></span><span> in the multi-tenant PON architecture. The proposed algorithm is compared with PBMA in terms of throughput efficiency, upstream delay, and capacity utilization under self-similar and Poison traffic scenarios. The results show that the proposed scheme offers higher bandwidth utilization resulting in increased throughput with lower upstream delays in the multi-tenant PON environment.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segment frame replication and elimination for redundant routing provision in the FlexE-over-WDM networks","authors":"Jiawei Zhang,&nbsp;Xuejing Gao,&nbsp;Kexin Wu,&nbsp;Yuefeng Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2022.100709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2022.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible Ethernet (FlexE)-over-WDM is one of the promising technologies of 5G<span><span><span> transport networks that aims to provide a variety of Ethernet MAC rates over large capacity wavelength channels. Ultra-reliable communication is a key scenario of 5G, which poses a big challenge to the transport networks. To achieve ultra-reliability, frame replication and elimination for reliability (FRER) was proposed by IEEE. 802.1CB to provide redundant transmission in layer 2. However, previous studies of FRER considered to replicate MAC frames at source node and eliminate them at the destination, which may cause a waste of network resources, especially for the services that require different reliabilities in a condition of network with different </span>packet loss rates of link and node. To this end, we propose a novel redundant </span>routing scheme<span>, called segment FRER (S-FRER), to balance the reliability and network efficiency. And a FlexE group allocation scheme is coming with S-FRER to assign the Flexible Ethernet channels along the path. Two heuristic algorithms, which are end-to-end FRER (E-FRER) and ordinal FRER (O-FRER), are compared with S-FRER. Simulation results show that S-FRER can satisfy diverse reliability requirements of services, and the resource redundancy and equipment cost are condensed.We further take the resource utilization efficiency as the optimization goal, and propose a FlexE Group allocation strategy based on segmented frame repetition and elimination to realize the resource redistribution of service flows on redundant routes. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the scheme in terms of resource utilization efficiency.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}