Ornithological Monographs最新文献

{"title":"HIDDEN LEKS: SEXUAL SELECTION AND THE CLUSTERING OF AVIAN TERRITORIES","authors":"R. Wagner","doi":"10.2307/40166721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166721","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery that socially monogamous birds copulate outside the pair-bond compels us to view mating and parental care relationships separately. The operation of sexual selection via extra-pair copulation suggests that the mating behaviors of monogamous species are more similar to those of promiscuous spe- cies than previously thought. Males in many promiscuous species aggregate in display arenas called leks, which form in response to females seeking copulation. This chapter reviews and synthesizes evidence that the mating systems of mo- nogamous birds that pursue extra-pair copulations resemble those of promiscuous species. Razorbills (Alca torda) demonstrate that males in a monogamous species form leks for extra-pair copulation. Results from studies of Purple Martins (Prog- ne subis) indicate that lek mechanisms may contribute to colony formation. These studies, combined with other evidence, suggest that the lek models can operate in many more contexts than those in which they were originally proposed. The \"hidden lek\" hypothesis predicts that the same mechanisms that form leks in promiscuous species can also explain certain aggregations of territories of mo- nogamous species.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"123-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69652850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relative Impact of Extra-Pair Fertilizations on Variation in Male and Female Reproductive Success in Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis)","authors":"E. Ketterson, P. Parker, S. Raouf, V. Nolan, Charles Ziegenfus, C. Chandler","doi":"10.2307/40166719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166719","url":null,"abstract":"Differences among species in breeding system and degree of sex- ual dimorphism are thought to be mirrored by species-level differences in past or present sexual selection. The greater the deviation from monogamy, the greater the potential influence of sexual selection on the sex that is more variable in reproductive success (RS). The recent discovery of extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs) in apparently (i.e., socially) monogamous bird species, and the fact that EPFs have the potential to increase variance in RS of such species, led us to quantify EPFs in Dark-eyed Juncos and to explore the relative impact of EPFs on male and female variation in RS. We obtained season-long measures of frequency of EPFs, numbers of mates acquired, and apparent RS (young produced in nests of social mates) and genetic RS for 50 male and 45 female juncos studied during two breeding seasons in Virginia, USA. Forty-two of the 50 males produced offspring and 19 of these 42 (45.2%) lost paternity to EPFs. Thirty-eight of the 45 females produced offspring, and 13 of the 38 (34.2%) had at least one young sired by EPFs. There were no cases of conspecific brood parasitism. Of 187 young, 53 (28%) were sired by EPFs. Males that gained EPFs rarely suffered losses, and males that were victims of EPFs rarely gained by them. The result was that some males were more successful than others. We calculated variance in male and female apparent and genetic RS and mating success (MS, number of mates per season). We also calculated statistical dependence of RS on mating success. Among males, apparent reproductive success was less variable (standardized vari- ance (SV) = 0.55) than genetic success (SV = 0.72), indicating that EPFs in- creased variance in male RS. The sex difference in variance in genetic success (male SV = 0.72, female SV = 0.51) was considerably less than the sex difference in variance in mating success (male SV = 0.65, female SV = 0.37). Interestingly, in both males and females, genetic RS increased with number of mates, suggesting that sexual selection, when defined as the statistical dependence of RS on MS, was acting on both sexes. To our knowledge this is the first study to report EPF- based sexual selection in a socially monogamous female songbird. Although an increase in RS with MS will clearly cause selection to favor attributes of individ-","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"81-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69652725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female Control, Breeding Synchrony, and the Evolution of Extra-Pair Mating Systems","authors":"B. Stutchbury, D. L. Neudorf","doi":"10.2307/40166720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"103-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69652777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COSTS AND BENEFITS OF EXTRA-GROUP PATERNITY IN SUPERB FAIRY-WRENS","authors":"P. Dunn, A. Cockburn","doi":"10.2307/40166722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166722","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most extreme examples of conflict between the sexes occurs in the Superb Fairy-wren {Malurus cyaneus), a cooperatively breeding bird in which 72% of nestlings were produced by extra-pair fertilizations. Males that gained extra-pair paternity were almost exclusively dominant breeding males out- side the group and not helpers. Group size had a significant effect on the number of young sired by males on their own territory. Males breeding in a pair (no helpers) sired more young (41%, 71/175 young) and provided more parental care (42% of feeding visits) than dominant breeding males that lived in groups with helpers (19%, 56/292 young; 25% of feeding visits). This pattern of extra-group paternity was a result of female choice and control of fertilization. When females lived in a group, helpers compensated for the lower parental assistance of the dominant breeding male, so all offspring were provisioned fully and there was no cost to the female or male in terms of reduced nestling survival. Thus, the mate choice of females with helpers was not constrained by the importance of male parental assistance. In unassisted pairs, females had no alternative source of pa- rental assistance and may have allowed their mates greater paternity to ensure the assistance of the mates in providing parental care. The reduced workload of dom- inant breeding males in groups did not increase their survival; rather, it allowed them more time to engage in courtship displays to females on other territories. This increased display rate of males in groups was associated with a greater likelihood of gaining extra-group fertilizations, and it may have compensated males in groups for their lower within-pair paternity. The release of females from the constraint of male parental care was due to helpers, whereas the reduction in male parental care was most likely the result of a paternity cue and not simply the presence of helpers per se. After controlling statistically for group size, males provided less parental care when they had lower paternity. Thus, a detailed knowl- edge of the alternatives available to females (other sources of parental assistance) and males (opportunities for extra-pair matings) may be necessary to understand male and female reproductive strategies.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69652906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Coercion in Waterfowl and Other Birds","authors":"F. Mckinney, S. Evarts","doi":"10.2307/40166723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"187 1","pages":"163-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69652963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE POTOOS (NYCTIBIIDAE) BASED ON ISOZYMES","authors":"R. T. Brumfield, D. Swofford, M. Braun","doi":"10.2307/40157531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157531","url":null,"abstract":"Isozyme electrophoresis was used to assess genetic variation in potoos (Nyctibiidae), a distinctive Neotropical family of caprimulgiform nightbirds. Interspecific levels of genetic differentiation among potoos are extremely high (range of Nei's D = 0.191-1.172) and are comparable to intergeneric levels of differentiation in other bird families. In addition, levels of genetic differentiation between populations of both Nyc- tibius grandis and N. griseus from east and west of the Andes are comparable to the high genetic distances found in cross-Andes comparisons in other isozyme studies of Neotropical birds. These data suggest that extant potoo lineages are quite old, and that substantial genetic diversity exists in potoos that is not conveyed in the current taxonomy, in which most potoo species lack named or described intraspecific variation, and all species share a single genus. Phylogenetic analysis of isozyme data supports the monophyly of Nyctibiidae through comparisons with outgroups from five other caprimulgiform families. Our results also support the monophyly of a clade composed of Nyctibius maculosus, N. leucopterus, and N. griseus, and confirm maculosus and leucopterus as sister taxa. The relationships of other potoos remain essentially unresolved, although there is weak support for the place- ment of N. bracteatus as the basal taxon. Relationships among caprimulgiform families are also essentially unresolved by these data, although there is some support for a clade composed of Caprimulgidae, Aegothelidae, and Eurostopodidae. The very high genetic distances from Steatornis to all other caprimulgiforms indicate that it represents the earliest branching lineage in the order. Resumen. - Electroforesis de proteinas fue usado para estudiar la variacion genetica de los nictibios (Nyctibiidae), una familia Neotropical de aves nocturnas. Los niveles de diferencia entre las especies de nictibios son altos (Nei's D = 0.191 hasta 1.172), tan alto como los niveles que se encuentran entre los generos en otras familias de aves. Los niveles de diferencia entre las dos especies con representantes en los dos lados de los Andes (el occidente y el oriente), Nyctibius grandis y N. griseus, estan de acuerdo con esos observados en otros estudios de aves de quienes los representantes ocurren en los ambos lados de las montafias. Estos resultados sugieren que los lineajes evolucionarios de nictibios son antiguos y que bastante diversidad genetica existe que no se puede reconocer con la taxonomia corriente. Un analisis filogenetico de los datos indica que los nictibios pertenecen a un grupo monofiletico y diferente de otros grupos de aves nocturnas. Los resultados tambien apoy- an la existencia de un grupo monofiletico compuesto de N. maculosus, N. leucopterus y N. griseus, en que las especies maculosus y leucopterus tienen una relacion mas cercana que con griseus. Las relaciones evolucionarias de los otros nictibios no fueron resolvadas, sin embargo los datos su","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"129-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeography and Systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus (Thamnophilidae) Complex","authors":"M. L. Isler, P. Isler, B. Whitney","doi":"10.2307/40157543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"355-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nature and Probable Function of Vocal Copying in Lawrence's Thrush, Turdus lawrencii","authors":"J. Hardy, T. A. Parker","doi":"10.2307/40157540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"307-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voice and Taxonomy of Caprimulgus (rufus) otiosus (Caprimulgidae), with a Reevaluation of Caprimulgus rufus Subspecies","authors":"M. Robbins, T. A. Parker","doi":"10.2307/40157556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157556","url":null,"abstract":"The St. Lucia Nightjar (Caprimulgus otiosus) exhibits minimal vocal and plumage differentiation from mainland forms of the Rufous Nightjar (C. rufus), and, therefore, we consider otiosus conspecific with rufus. Caprimulgus rufus otiosus appears to be resident on the northeastern section of St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles; specimen records from Venezuela are considered erroneous. We recognize the following described subspecies: otiosus (St. Lucia), minimus (Costa Rica to N. Venezuela), rufus (NW Brazil, S. Venezuela, east through the Guianas, and south to south of the Rio Amazonas), and rutilus (S. Brazil, N. Argentina, E. Bolivia). Resumen. Las vocalizaciones y el plumaje del tapacaminos de Santa Lucia {Caprimulgus otiosus) y de la forma continental C. rufus, son muy parecidas, por lo que se les considera como conespecificos. Caprimulgus rufus otiosus aparentemente es residente de la seccion noreste de Santa Lucia en las Antillas Menores; consideramos que los registros de Venezuela son erroneos. Nosotros reconocemos las siguientes subespecies descritas: otiosus (Santa Lucia), minimus (de Costa Rica al N de Venezuela), rufus (NW Brazil, S Venezuela, E de las Guyanas hasta el lado sur del Rio Amazonas), y rutilus (S Brazil, N Argentina y E Bolivia). In the latest A.O.U. Check-list (1983), the Lesser Antillean form (otiosus) of the wide-ranging Rufous Nightjar (Caprimulgus rufus) was elevated to species status. Previously, the St. Lucia Nightjar (C. otiosus) had been regarded as an isolated subspecies of C. rufus by most authors (Bangs 1911; Cory 1918; Griscom and Greenway 1937; Peters 1940; Bond 1947, 1959, 1977), although Wetmore and Phelps (1953) believed that otiosus deserved specific recognition. The A.O.U. (1983) gave the following rationale for treatment of otiosus as a species, \". . . it seems best to retain C. otiosus as specifically distinct until its status is determined.\" Herein we demonstrate that otiosus shows minimal vocal and plumage differentiation from mainland forms of C. rufus, and is best treated as a subspecies of C. rufus. METHODS AND MATERIALS Study skins were accumulated at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP) for plumage color and pattern comparisons. Wing chord and length of central rectrices were taken using dial calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. All tape recordings of otiosus were made on the windward side of St. Lucia, West Indies on 7 May 1988 and 29 April 1989. Tape recordings were made using a Sony TCM 5000 cassette recorder, with a Sennheiser ME 80 shotgun microphone. Additional recordings were obtained from Hardy et al. (1988). Sonagrams were produced with \"SoundEdit\" of Farallon Computing, Inc., Emeryville, California, and \"Canary\" of the Bioacoustics Research Program at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"24 1","pages":"601-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIRD COMMUNITY DYNAMICS ALONG PRIMARY SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENTS OF AN AMAZONIAN WHITEWATER RIVER","authors":"S. Robinson, J. Terborgh","doi":"10.2307/40157559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157559","url":null,"abstract":"We used spot-map methods to census birds in two plots (40 ha and 80 ha) representing the early and middle stages of primary succession generated by the meandering of the Manu River in southeastern Peru in 1983 and 1985. We distinguished seven distinct successional stages beginning with the first plant communities growing on open beaches (Tessaria: stage 1) and proceeding through mature floodplain forest (stage 7). Each successional stage was more structurally and floristically complex. One plot was dominated by early successional vegetation (stages 1-5) and the other was domi- nated by middle-to-late stages (5-6). We supplemented spot-map data with mist netting to census nonterritorial species, principally nectarivores and frugivores. Because the ear- liest successional stage (Tessaria) covered only small (<3 ha) areas on any given me- ander tongue, we censused six additional stands to characterize their bird communities. Species richness increased along the successional gradient, but not uniformly. Struc- turally simple Tessaria stands (stage 1) contained more diverse communities of breeding birds than the next two successional stages, which appeared to have few resources avail- able to birds. After stage 3, breeding species richness increased by 31-71 species per successional stage as a distinct canopy layer formed (stage 4), fruiting trees became more available (stages 5-6) and the vertical structure of the forest became fully developed (stage 7: 71 more species than stage 6). Early successional bird communities (stages 1- 3) were dominated by a few very abundant insectivores and omnivores, but wanderers from the adjacent forest plus Nearctic and austral migrants seasonally outnumbered breeding residents. Many species that breed in Tessaria stands were restricted to just one or two of the seven stands censused. The middle stages of succession had the highest estimated richness, abundance, and biomasses of nectarivores and frugivores. Nectarivore abundance reflected the huge stands of Heliconia that dominate the understory of mid- successional stages. Bark foragers reached their highest abundance in late successional stages as the dominant canopy tree species of middle successional stages (e.g., Cedrela odorata) began to die off, but remained standing. Middle successional stages lacked many of the insectivores characteristic of more structurally complex mature forest. Among the missing species were understory Mockers, ant-followers, ground foragers, and many arboreal insectivores that participate in canopy flocks. Species of early and middle stages tended to be more abundant on average than those of mature forest. Early-/and late-successional bird communities had few species in common, and many congeners segregated along this successional gradient. Most species characteristic of early successional vegetation, however, were also found in many other kinds of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The Tessaria beaches of the Manu lacked most spec","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"641-672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}