Javier Arredondo Montero, Elena Carracedo Vega, Socorro Razquin Lizarraga, Mónica Bronte Anaut, Sara Hernández-Martín, Gina de Lima Piña, Rosa Guarch Troyas
{"title":"Pediatric Rectosigmoid Atypical Juvenile Polyps Presenting With Rectal Prolapse and Acute Bleeding: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Literature Review.","authors":"Javier Arredondo Montero, Elena Carracedo Vega, Socorro Razquin Lizarraga, Mónica Bronte Anaut, Sara Hernández-Martín, Gina de Lima Piña, Rosa Guarch Troyas","doi":"10.1177/10935266241235383","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266241235383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rectosigmoid solitary juvenile polyps are benign lesions, relatively frequent in childhood. The clinical debut of a pediatric polyp with bleeding is relatively frequent, but there are very few reports of rectal prolapse of polyps. We present the case of a 7-year-old female patient with no previous history who presented with rectal prolapse of a polyp with acute bleeding. An urgent endoscopic examination was performed and 2 rectosigmoid polypoid lesions were found and resected. The anatomopathological study showed that these were 2 hamartomatous polyps with mild dysplasia. The patient is asymptomatic and is being followed up. The literature concerning rectal prolapse of polyps in the pediatric population is scarce. In a pediatric patient with a rectal prolapse, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"340-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Shaheen, Benjamin J Wilkins, Archana Shenoy, Kathleen Byrnes, Xiaoyi Tina Zhang, Iván A González
{"title":"Gastrointestinal Tract Granular Cell Tumor in the Pediatric Population: A Multicenter Experience.","authors":"Muhammad Shaheen, Benjamin J Wilkins, Archana Shenoy, Kathleen Byrnes, Xiaoyi Tina Zhang, Iván A González","doi":"10.1177/10935266231220472","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266231220472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric granular cell tumors (GCT) involving the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are rare with limited case report/series reported to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicenter retrospective study of pediatric GIT GCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 cases were included in the study with a median age of 13.5 years (range: 7-18 years) and were predominantly female patients (60%). In half of the patients no significant medical history was present with the remaining 5 having Crohn disease (10%), eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) (10%), Crohn disease and EoE (10%), growth hormone deficiency (10%), and aplasia cutis congenita (10%). The GCT median size was 1.3 cm (range: 1-1.6 cm) and were more commonly located in the esophagus (70%) followed by the stomach (20%) and rectum (10%). Most of the cases showed round/polygonal tumor cells with abundant granular cytoplasm, and none of the cases had nuclear atypia, increased mitotic activity, or tumor cell necrosis. None of our cases received specific therapy for GCT other than clinical follow-up, and none of the patients had evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We present our multicenter experience with GIT GCT, all cases had a benign course. Interestingly, 4 of the esophageal GCT cases (including 2 patients with EoE) showed an eosinophil-rich esophagitis in the underlying mucosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Champion, Tiffany Foo, Colin Kikiros, Adrian Charles
{"title":"Mullerian Serous Cystadenoma Occurring in the Scrotum Post-Orchidopexy: A Rarely Reported Yet Distinctive Entity.","authors":"Benjamin Champion, Tiffany Foo, Colin Kikiros, Adrian Charles","doi":"10.1177/10935266231221029","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266231221029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serous cystadenoma is a rare lesion in the para-testicular tissue, with even rarer reports of this entity occurring in the scrotum post-orchidopexy. We present such an occurrence, adding support for its existence as a distinct entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"266-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is MYCN Overexpression Associated With Poor Outcome in <i>MYCN</i> Non-Amplified Neuroblastomas?","authors":"Alicia Andrews, Jefferson Terry","doi":"10.1177/10935266231222321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266231222321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"282-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hidden Coronary Artery Ostium and Sudden Death.","authors":"Luzern Tan, Karen Heath, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/10935266231221710","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266231221710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 1-week-old girl died suddenly and unexpectedly. At autopsy the major finding was of a right dominant coronary artery circulation with an inapparent left coronary artery ostium. After careful examination, an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery was found with the ostium located in the non-coronary cusp immediately adjacent to the commissure of the non- and left coronary cusps. The ostium was of small caliber with an obliquely oriented artery (<45°) with no ostial ridges. The artery coursed anteriorly past the left coronary cusp between the aorta and the left atrial appendage to then follow its usual course inferiorly along the anterior aspect of the left ventricle. The reminder of the autopsy was unremarkable. Death was, therefore, attributed to an anomalous and hypoplastic left coronary artery (and ostium) with an acute angle of take-off. Tracing coronary arteries in the very young may be technically difficult due to their small size, thus identifying the location of ostia is important. This may be difficult when the ostium was located close to a commissure.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"275-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Shaheen, Guang-Sheng Lei, Ryan F Relich, Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn, Kyla M Tolliver, Jean P Molleston, Iván A González
{"title":"Granulomas in Pediatric Liver Biopsies: Single Center Experience.","authors":"Muhammad Shaheen, Guang-Sheng Lei, Ryan F Relich, Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn, Kyla M Tolliver, Jean P Molleston, Iván A González","doi":"10.1177/10935266231221908","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266231221908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Granulomas in pediatric liver biopsies (GPLB) are rare with the largest pediatric cohort reported over 25 years ago.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center retrospective study of GPLB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen liver biopsies from 16 patients with granulomas were identified (9 boys, 56%) with a median age of 13 years (range: 1-18) for which the most common indication was the presence of a nodule/mass (47%). Significant comorbidities were seen in 13 patients (81%) and included: liver transplant (25%), history of a neoplasm (25%), autoimmune hepatitis (6%), Crohn disease (6%), bipolar disorder (6%), severe combined immunodeficiency (6%), and sickle cell disease (6%). Eleven patients were taking multiple medications at the time of biopsy. Granulomas were more commonly pan-acinar (11 cases) followed by subcapsular (4 cases), portal (1 case), and periportal (1 case). Necrosis was seen in 10 cases (59%). GMS stain was positive in 2 cases for <i>Histoplasma</i>-like yeast; microbiological cultures were negative in all cases (no: 4). A 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed in 15 cases revealed only 1 with a pathogenic microorganism, <i>Mycobacterium angelicum</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our experience, GPLB are heterogenous with only 3 cases having an identifiable infectious etiology and many of the remaining cases being associated to multiple medications, suggesting drug-induced liver injury as possible etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Przemyslaw Szafranski, Silvia Patrizi, Tomasz Gambin, Bushra Afzal, Emily Schlotterbeck, Justyna A Karolak, Gail Deutsch, Drucilla Roberts, Paweł Stankiewicz
{"title":"Diminished <i>TMEM</i>100 Expression in a Newborn With Acinar Dysplasia and a Novel <i>TBX4</i> Variant: A Case Report.","authors":"Przemyslaw Szafranski, Silvia Patrizi, Tomasz Gambin, Bushra Afzal, Emily Schlotterbeck, Justyna A Karolak, Gail Deutsch, Drucilla Roberts, Paweł Stankiewicz","doi":"10.1177/10935266231213464","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266231213464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acinar dysplasia (AcDys) of the lung is a rare lethal developmental disorder in neonates characterized by severe respiratory failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension refractory to treatment. Recently, abnormalities of TBX4-FGF10-FGFR2-TMEM100 signaling regulating lung development have been reported in patients with AcDys due to heterozygous single-nucleotide variants or copy-number variant deletions involving <i>TBX4</i>, <i>FGF10</i>, or <i>FGFR2</i>. Here, we describe a female neonate who died at 4 hours of life due to severe respiratory distress related to AcDys diagnosed by postmortem histopathologic evaluation. Genomic analyses revealed a novel deleterious heterozygous missense variant c.728A>C (p.Asn243Thr) in <i>TBX4</i> that arose de novo on paternal chromosome 17. We also identified 6 candidate hypomorphic rare variants in the <i>TBX4</i> enhancer in <i>trans</i> to <i>TBX4</i> coding variant. Gene expression analyses of proband's lung tissue showed a significant reduction of <i>TMEM100</i> expression with near absence of TMEM100 within the endothelium of arteries and capillaries by immunohistochemistry. These results support the pathogenicity of the detected <i>TBX4</i> variant and provide further evidence that disrupted signaling between TBX4 and TMEM100 may contribute to severe lung phenotypes in humans, including AcDys.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"255-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11087193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138479318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma El Emrani, Linda S Nooij, Chiara C M M Lap, Lotte E van der Meeren
{"title":"First Reported Histologically and Molecularly Confirmed Bilateral High-Grade Serous Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Metastasized to Placental Decidua of the Membranes.","authors":"Salma El Emrani, Linda S Nooij, Chiara C M M Lap, Lotte E van der Meeren","doi":"10.1177/10935266231222180","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266231222180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 43-year-old female presented with blood loss and persistent abdominal pain at 14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound examination and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral multicystic uterine adnexa. Exploratory laparotomy was performed at 17 weeks of gestation and bilateral serous ovarian adenocarcinoma FIGO stage IIIC was diagnosed. Complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) was not feasible at that moment. Nine days after the exploratory laparotomy, immature rupture of membranes and contractions occurred and she delivered a premature boy after 19 weeks of gestation. Pathological examination of the placenta revealed that her ovarian cancer metastasized to the membranes. We describe the first case of ovarian cancer metastasized to the decidua of the placental membranes with histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular confirmation. This case highlights the importance of conscientious evaluation of placenta and membranes in pregnant women with ovarian cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"270-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11088206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of Calretinin in the Cecal Muscularis Interna: Observation and Hypothetical Relevance to Appendicitis.","authors":"Raj P Kapur","doi":"10.1177/10935266241235507","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10935266241235507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The unexpected observation of calretinin immunoreactivity in smooth muscle cells in the muscularis propria of the cecum led to a more detailed examination of calretinin expression and its possible relationship to propulsive contractile activity around the vermiform appendix.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization were performed to analyze calretinin expression in intestinal samples from 33 patients at ages ranging from mid-gestation fetuses to adults, as well as in some potentially relevant animal models. Dual immunolabeling was done to compare calretinin localization with markers of smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Calretinin expression was observed consistently in the innermost smooth muscle layers of the muscularis interna in the human cecum, appendiceal base, and proximal ascending colon, but not elsewhere in the intestinal tract. Calretinin-positive smooth muscle cells did not co-express markers located in adjacent interstitial cells of Cajal. Muscular calretinin immunoreactivity was not detected in the ceca of mice or macaques, species which lack appendices, nor in the rabbit cecum or appendix.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Localized expression of calretinin in cecal smooth muscle cells may reduce the likelihood of retrograde, calcium-mediated propulsive contractions from the proximal colon and suppress pro-inflammatory fecal stasis in the appendix.</p>","PeriodicalId":54634,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}