Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献

{"title":"Tea factory waste as a cost-effective and sustainable Cadmium(II) adsorbent: Investigating adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics","authors":"Jibesh Datta ,&nbsp;Subhrajyoti Deb","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the quest for sustainable wastewater treatment, the reuse of locally available agro-industrial waste materials presents a promising alternative. Tripura, one of India's major tea-producing states, generates abundant tea factory waste (TFW) that holds significant potential as an affordable adsorbent for heavy metal remediation. This study explores the adsorption efficiency of two chemically treated forms of TFW—Na₂CO₃-treated (NTW) and HCl-treated (HTW)—for the removal of Cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions. Comprehensive characterization using SEM, FTIR, and EDX revealed enhanced porosity and functional group availability in both materials, particularly NTW. Increasing adsorbent dose (1–3 g/L) improved Cd(II) removal, with NTW and HTW achieving 63.85 % and 61.7 %, respectively. Though percentage removal dropped at higher Cd(II) concentrations, adsorption capacity increased, reaching 85.3 %–94.6 % (NTW) and 82.6 %–92.6 % (HTW). Higher agitation rates further improved removal, peaking at 88.6 % (NTW) and 86.4 % (HTW). Results indicated that NTW achieving a maximum efficiency of 90.08 % under optimal conditions (pH 7, 2 g/L dose, 350 rpm, 318 K, 60 min). The adsorption followed Elovich kinetics and best fit the Langmuir isotherm, confirming monolayer chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis showed the process to be spontaneous and endothermic, with an activation energy of 76.602 kJ/mol. Using NTW for Cd(II) adsorption, wastewater's chemical oxygen demand (COD) dropped significantly from 138 to 74 mg/L. While the study highlights the low cost (Rs. 7/kg for NTW) and potential circular reuse of TFW, it also recognizes the need for future research to include life cycle assessment (LCA), energy analysis, and regeneration performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering near-surface architecture and landslide triggers in granitic environments: A regression-driven multiphysics modeling framework for geoengineering integrity","authors":"Adedibu Sunny Akingboye ,&nbsp;Andy Anderson Bery ,&nbsp;Hui Tang ,&nbsp;Meng Heng Loke ,&nbsp;Muslim Babatunde Aminu ,&nbsp;Taiwo Adewumi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In crystalline basement terrains, understanding near-surface crustal architecture is vital for assessing geoengineering integrity and mitigating landslide risks. This study focuses on the granitic terrain of Penang Island, Malaysia, where rapid urbanization and landslides could threaten infrastructure stability. Integrating multiphysics with statistically optimized borehole-based rock quality designation (RQD) modeling provides the first geophysical–geotechnical–statistical framework to evaluate lithological conditions and landslide triggers in granitic terrains. The innovative methodology develops lithology-based geoengineering integrity models to assess soil–rock profiles at steep and low-lying sections across four sites: Sungai Ara (east; Site 1), Batu Maung (south; Site 2), Jelutong (north; Site 3), and Balik Pulau (west; Site 4). The findings identify varied subsurface characteristics using resistivity and seismic P-wave velocity tomographic models, correlated with borehole logs and RQD data. The subsurface is categorized into residual soils, highly to moderately weathered/fractured granite, and hard/fresh granitic bedrock. The study framework revealed contrasting lithologic differentiation between southern Penang Island and the northern section, including the western and eastern parts, likely due to differences in granitic feldspar magma mineralogy and susceptibility to weathering. Sites 1, 3, and 4 are dominated by lower resistivity and seismic velocity values—indicating weaker, looser, and deeper weathered materials—whereas Site 2 is characterized by more compact, sandy-rich residual soils and hard/fresh bedrock with deeper fractures. Weathered and fractured zones amplify water–rock interactions, increasing pore pressure and landslide susceptibility in the area. Contractive clay/silt (&lt;200 Ωm) and water-escape structures within creeping residual soils are identified as primary landslide triggers, particularly in unstable, steep sections. For infrastructure design integrity, reinforced piling foundations reaching fresh granitic bedrock (RQD Units III and IV) are recommended. These measures are crucial in Penang's rapidly urbanizing terrain with numerous tall buildings. While site-specific, the study introduces a globally adaptable framework for cost-effective, large-scale geoengineering assessments in similar geological contexts, enhancing risk mitigation and infrastructure design strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure of highly expansive clay treated with Waste Glass Powder (WGP) and Waste Tire Textile Fiber (WTTF)","authors":"Meghdad Payan ,&nbsp;Zahra Shafahi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Salimi ,&nbsp;Iman Hosseinpour ,&nbsp;Maysam Salimzadehshooiili","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synergistic use of Waste Glass Powder (WGP) and Waste Tire Textile Fiber (WTTF) to enhance the strength, stiffness, and swelling properties of expansive clayey soils for pavement subgrades. While these industrial by-products show promise as stabilizers, their combined effects remain understudied. The research evaluates the impact of various proportions of WGP (0–15 %) and WTTF (0–2 %) after 7, 28, and 56 days of curing to enhance subgrade performance. The methods employed include a series of laboratory experiments, such as Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests, to evaluate the direct strength properties of the treated soils. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests are used to characterize the stiffness development, and swelling tests assess the ability of the additives to mitigate expansive behavior. Additionally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses provide a detailed micromechanical interpretation of the observed performance trends. The results indicate that the optimal combination of 10 % WGP and 1 % WTTF yields the best overall performance, with UCS values increasing more than fivefold and reaching a maximum of approximately 1700 kPa. This represents a significant improvement compared to untreated soil, suggesting the potential of these additives to substantially enhance soil stabilization. This research also highlights the remarkable improvement in the ITS of the treated soil, which exceeds the minimum requirement for the application of cementitious stabilized materials in flexible pavement construction. Furthermore, the swelling potential of the treated soil is effectively controlled, especially under typical surcharge conditions encountered in subgrade applications. The findings demonstrate the synergistic effect of WTTF reinforcement in WGP-stabilized soils, improving both strength and ductility, making it a promising approach for developing sustainable materials for flexible pavement construction. This research contributes novel insights into the use of industrial waste materials for soil stabilization, highlighting their effectiveness and environmental benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional uncertainty analysis of sediment dynamics: Exploring suspended sediment concentration, flood discharge, and sediment yield","authors":"Ommolbanin Bazrafshan ,&nbsp;Zohreh Pakdaman ,&nbsp;Sajad Jamshidi ,&nbsp;Alireza Jalalifard","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simultaneous occurrence of extreme flood discharge and sediment discharge events has profound impacts, including infrastructure damage, water pollution, increased treatment costs, and threats to aquatic ecosystems. Understanding spatial and temporal dynamics of water and sediment transport during extreme flood events is critical. Copulas are powerful tools for analyzing multivariate flood frequencies and establishing relationships between design variables and return periods, aiding hydrology and water resource management. This study analyzes conditional uncertainty of flood discharge (Qf), sediment discharge (Qs), and suspended sediment concentration (Sc) in the Minab watershed using symmetric and Khoudraji copula functions. Conditional probabilities (CP) for these variables were assessed under different scenarios with a focus on Qf. Results identified the Khoudraji copula as the most effective function for modeling dependencies among the variables. Findings revealed that as Qf increases from 20.99 to 310.184 m³/s with Sc held constant, the CP of Qs rises. When Qf remains steady, increased Sc leads to higher Qs, but with reduced probability of occurrence (longer return periods). Both sources of uncertainty (i.e., copula parameters and input data) significantly affect CP contours, with uncertainty amplifying as CP decreases. The uncertainty bandwidth of conditional curves grows with rising flood discharge, indicating that higher return periods or lower probabilities increase uncertainty. Overall, our study shows strong relationships between hydrological variables, emphasizing that accurate data input is essential to decrease prediction uncertainty. Advanced probabilistic methods, especially the Khoudraji copula, improve sediment transport model precision, aiding better flood risk assessment and watershed management efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the evolution of satellite radar altimetry for hydrological Monitoring: Water level and discharge estimation","authors":"Barun kumar ,&nbsp;Rajarshi Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Shyam Bihari Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Shishir Gaur ,&nbsp;Shard Chander ,&nbsp;Anurag Ohri","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As of 2025, satellite radar altimetry has evolved over 32 years into a transformative tool, significantly advancing the understanding of oceanographic, glaciological, and hydrological systems. Satellite altimetry has progressively transformed hydrological science and sustainable water resource management, particularly in monitoring river stage and discharge. The availability of multiple altimetry missions, including ENVISAT, Jason-2/3, CryoSat-2, and the groundbreaking Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, has enabled more accurate and improved monitoring of global water bodies. The review explores data from multi-mission approaches integrated with statistical models, providing enhanced spatio-temporal insights into the hydrological parameters. By incorporating both Low-Resolution Mode (LRM) and advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technologies, these missions have overcome challenges like topographic variation and river morphology, offering reliable water level assessments across diverse river systems. The combination of altimetric data with hydrological models like the Manning equation and rating curves has significantly improved the accuracy of river stage-discharge relationships. The performance of these methods using key metrics like Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and correlation coefficients has also been thoroughly evaluated. Moreover, the technical aspects of radar altimetry and its role in stage and discharge calculation and flood modeling have also been highlighted. The study demonstrates the growing significance of satellite altimetry in global hydrological monitoring and resource management by examining case studies from major rivers like the Amazon, Mississippi, and Brahmaputra. The study concludes by discussing the potential applications of satellite altimetry in disaster management and an improved understanding of hydrological regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy-weighted assessment of groundwater suitability in complex multi-layered coastal aquifers of Pondicherry, India","authors":"Ramesh Kamalapathy,&nbsp;Supriya Varshini Datchanamourthy,&nbsp;Srinivasamoorthy Krishnaraj,&nbsp;Babu Chinnaiyan,&nbsp;Rajesh Kanna Andiyappan,&nbsp;Gopalakrishnan Visvalingam,&nbsp;Senthil Nathan Dharmalingam,&nbsp;Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal groundwater quality is influenced by seawater intrusion, and when combined with geogenic and human-induced activities, it results in severe contamination. Earlier attempts were made in the Pondicherry multi-layered coastal aquifers, adopting an entropy-weighted model by calculating the Entropy-Drinking Water Quality Index (EDWQI) and the Entropy-Irrigation Water Quality Index (EIWQI) to evaluate groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigational utilities with a limited focus on industrial water suitability. The present study addresses the gap by introducing an innovative entropy-weighted technique to assess the groundwater quality for industrial utility, adopting the Entropy-Weighted Industrial Water Quality Index (EIndWQI).</div><div>Three hundred seventy-six groundwater samples have been collected from the multi-aquifers of Alluvium, Cuddalore, Kadaperikuppam, Thuruvai, and Vanur-Ramanathapuram formations and investigated for major physicochemical parameters, including cations and anions. The outcomes of the hydrogeochemical analysis revealed that Na-Cl and Na-Ca-HCO₃-Cl water types dominate the groundwaters of various aquifers.</div><div>The study infers that Alluvium and Cuddalore aquifers are primarily influenced by seawater intrusion, mineral dissolution, infiltration of contaminated surface waters, and human activities. The chemical weathering and cation exchange process impact the groundwater chemistry of Kadaperikuppam, Thuruvai, and Vanur-Ramanathapuram aquifers. The calculated EDWQI recommends improved drinking water quality from the Alluvium (Excellent water quality- 68.5 %) to Vanur-Ramanathapuram formations (Excellent water quality- 79.5 %). The EIWQI suggests that Cuddalore (Excellent water quality- 97.5 %) and Vanur-Ramanathapuram (Excellent water quality- 95.9 %) aquifers are highly suitable for irrigational practices. The EIndWQI shows that the groundwaters of the Cuddalore (Good water quality- 51.2 %), Thuruvai (Good water quality- 76.7 %), and Vanur-Ramanathapuram (Good water quality- 53.1 %) are optimal for industrial usage. Mitigation strategies, such as managed groundwater abstraction and improved well arrangements, can be implemented. This study provides valuable input for managing groundwater for various utilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based streamflow projections in the upper indus basin under CMIP6 climate scenarios","authors":"Muhammad Amjad Saleem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shoaib ,&nbsp;Sarfraz Hashim ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shoaib ,&nbsp;Hafiz Umar Farid ,&nbsp;Mubashir Ali Ghaffar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ismail ,&nbsp;Arshad Ameen ,&nbsp;Jinwook Lee ,&nbsp;Muhammad Azhar Inam ,&nbsp;Changhyun Jun","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pakistan's water security relies heavily on the Upper Indus basin (UIB), which provides nearly half of the country's surface water essential for agriculture, domestic use, and hydropower generation. Therefore, accurate future streamflow projections of this region are crucial for effective water resources management. This study used machine learning algorithms, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to downscale ten Coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) climatic data at a regional scale. This research also developed ANNs and CNNs algorithms to project streamflow in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) using downscaled climate data under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios for the period of 2026–2055 and 2056–2085, validated against observed streamflow (1985–2015). The results indicated that ANNs and CNNs showed strong performance during testing and training for the downscaling of climatic data and based on (Coefficient of determination) R² and (Kling–Gupta Efficiency) KGE values, five best performing downscaled GCMs (i.e., MIROC6, CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-ESM2-1, CanESM5, IPSL-CM6A-LR) were selected for streamflow projection. For streamflow projection, CNNs model significantly outperformed than ANNs model during both training and testing phases, achieving mean squared error (0.0302) as the loss function and mean absolute error (0.0032) as the evaluation metric. Future streamflow projections, based on downscaled climatic data from five GCMs using the CNNs algorithm, showed an increasing behavior for the periods 2026–2055 and 2056–2085 compared to the 1985–2014 baseline, with a more intense increase projected under the SSP245 scenario than under SSP585. Among the five GCMs analyzed, CNRM-ESM2-1 projected the most intense increase in streamflow, with rises of 84 % and 97 % for the periods 2026–2055 and 2056–2085 under SSP245, and 59 % and 91 % under SSP585 respectively. This improved understanding of future streamflow will guide adaptive management for hydropower and water resources in UIB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights unveiled: Identifying novel genomic regions governing zinc content in rice for enhanced biofortification","authors":"Abhinav Sao ,&nbsp;Hemant Sahu ,&nbsp;Ajit Kumar Mannade ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Nair ,&nbsp;Vinay Premi ,&nbsp;Girish Chandel ,&nbsp;Tarun Kumar Thakur ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Rupesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Dharmendra Singh Tomar","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micronutrient deficiencies, notably zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), affect approximately two billion people worldwide, significantly burdening developing countries. Diets predominantly based on rice, which sustains over 90 % of the Asian population, are frequently deficient in these essential micronutrients. This investigation evaluated the zinc concentration in milled rice (MR) across 90 Advanced Breeding Lines (ABLs), revealing a substantial variation in zinc content ranging from 13.7 to 33.80 ppm. A GWAS using the FarmCPU model effectively controlled for population structure and kinship, revealing genetic loci associated with zinc concentration in rice grains. The analysis uncovered 11 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) related to zinc content, with several MTAs co-localizing with known zinc-associated traits, suggesting the potential for simultaneous enhancement of these traits. These robust MTAs present valuable targets for biofortification strategies aimed at increasing the zinc content in rice grains, thereby contributing to the mitigation of zinc deficiency among rice consumers. The 11 identified MTAs for Zn traits can fast-track marker-assisted breeding for developing zinc-enriched rice varieties. These findings are pivotal for ongoing initiatives to address micronutrient malnutrition and improve the nutritional quality of rice. Additionally, these MTAs facilitate gene pyramiding and genomic selection to boost breeding precision and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare metal paragenesis in the serpentinites of Wadi Nugrus-Wadi Sikait area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: Mineralogical and tectonic implications","authors":"Gehad M. Saleh ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Kamar ,&nbsp;Farrage M. Khaleal ,&nbsp;Gehan A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Amira M. El Tohamy ,&nbsp;David R. Lentz ,&nbsp;Fathy Abdalla","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the south of the Eastern Desert in Egypt, lies The Wadi Nugrus - Wadi Sikait region in the (ANS) Northern Arabian-Nubian Shield, at 90 km southwest of Marsa Alam City on the Red Sea coastline. This area comprises arc assemblages and ophiolite rocks, interspersed with ophiolitic mélange formations. The ultramafic rocks are extensively serpentinized, with some areas transformed into talc-carbonate rocks. These serpentinites locally include base metals (primary base metals as cuprite, cassiterite, bismite, native Ni, nickeline, heazlewoodite, pyrite, bravoite), precious metals (gold and argentite), and secondary metals willemite, wolframite and mimetite), of anomalous concentration.</div><div>Geochemically, the serpentinite rocks exhibit low SiO₂ content, high MgO content, and very low Al₂O₃ content. Furthermore, when plotted on the SiO₂–Fe₂O₃–MgO triangular diagram, it is evident that all ultramafic rocks from W. Sikait and Nugrus display compositions characteristic of harzburgite. They are depleted in Rb, Ba, Zr, Y, Sr, and Ti, while the Rb, Nb, K, and P elements in Nugrus, show concentrations around unity relative to primitive mantle. Conversely, Cs, U, Th, and Pb display enrichment relative to primitive mantle.</div><div>The heightened levels of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) within serpentinite rocks are indicative of their ultramafic origins. Furthermore, the notable abundance of (LILE) large ion lithophile elements is evidenced by Ba/Th ratios varying from 21.9 to 26.7 in W. Sikait and W. Nugrus, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Machine learning assisted geophysical characterization of deep-seated upper jurassic carbonate deposits in Penobscot Field, Nova Scotia” [Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A/B/C 138 (2025) 103876]","authors":"Vijay Kumar ,&nbsp;Satya Narayan ,&nbsp;S.D. Sahoo ,&nbsp;Brijesh Kumar ,&nbsp;S.K. Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}