Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献

{"title":"Pore structure and radon emission characteristics of shallow soil in the Golmud River Basin of the Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau","authors":"Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Jinting Huang ,&nbsp;Jishi Geng ,&nbsp;Jie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has a high altitude, strong radiation and wide distribution of frozen soil, with typical alpine soil. Investigating the radon exhalation level of this distinctive soil is crucial for assessing the human settlement environment in the region. This study takes the Golmud River Basin as a case to study the pore structure and radon emission characteristics of shallow soil in a typical QTP area. Furthermore, explored the correlation between terrain, altitude, depth, and pore structure with radon emission rate. The key findings are as follows: In areas with severe salinization, soil exhibit the largest specific surface area and total pore volume, the mean values were 20.07 cm²/g and 0.05 cm³/g, respectively. As altitude increased, the specific surface area, total pore volume, and macropore fractal dimension <em>D</em>_a gradually rose, accompanied by significant expansion in macropore diameter. Soil at depths less than 20 cm demonstrated smaller specific surface area, total pore volume, and <em>D</em>_a. Conversely, depths exceeding 20 cm exhibited significantly larger specific surface area and total pore volume, albeit with a tendency for these metrics to decrease with increasing depth. Radon exhalation rate generally increased with burial depth and elevation. Notably, soil radon exhalation rate exhibited a positive correlation with micropore content and total pore content, with a stronger correlation observed with total porosity. While the source area displayed higher radon exhalation rates compared to the deposition area, the overall soil radon exhalation rate in the QTP was relatively lower than other global regions, the maximum is only 0.42 × 10⁻³ Bq/g·h. These research outcomes offer valuable insights for soil radiation risk assessment in the QTP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics contamination in coastal environment of Southeast Asia: A systematic review","authors":"Natasha Arina ,&nbsp;Norfazrin Mohd Hanif ,&nbsp;Yet Yin Hee ,&nbsp;Murnira Othman ,&nbsp;Maggie Chel Gee Ooi ,&nbsp;Masni Mohd Ali ,&nbsp;Khairiatul Mardiana Jansar ,&nbsp;Mohd Talib Latif","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recurrent issue of microplastic (MP) pollution in Southeast Asia has become a major challenge with serious repercussions on biodiversity, economy, and public health. Despite efforts to address the problem, a lack of thorough research on the sources, and distribution in the region impedes effective policymaking and intervention measures. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of research on MPs in the coastal environment of Southeast Asia. We specifically addressed the following questions: What is the current composition and abundance of MPs existing in Southeast Asia's coastal areas, and what information gaps exist in the studies conducted in the coastal environment? Articles were retrieved using the Web of Science and Scopus databases, with publication dates ranging from 2019 to 2022. Our systematic review of 39 studies on MP pollution in the coastal environment of Southeast Asia reveals that MPs are prevalent in the region, with concentrations of up to 238,000 particles L⁻¹, &gt;200,000 particles kg⁻¹ and 40 particles m⁻² d⁻¹ in the coastal water, sediment and atmosphere, respectively. In addition, our study found that only a small proportion (n = 1) of all MP studies in the coastal environment addressed the composition of MPs in the atmosphere. Despite the significant abundance of MPs in the region, there has been a scarcity of comprehensive research on the sources and transport. Our findings highlight the critical need for more standardized sampling and more targeted research on the sources, distribution, and effect of MPs across Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to diffuse the “ticking time bombs” of the Himalaya","authors":"Anshuman Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Sheikh Nawaz Ali ,&nbsp;Lydia Sam ,&nbsp;Pratima Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the past decade, a plethora of research articles have considerably advanced our understanding of the genesis, evolution, and hazard potential of the Himalayan glacial lakes. However, given the rapidly changing regional climate and land-use practices that exacerbate the risks, a research and policy shift towards adaptive management of glacial lakes, ranging from regulated siphoning to multistakeholder participation, is urgently required. In this perspective piece, we propose a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework, to highlight the key focus areas for future glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) research and policymaking. The suggested approach is of proactive nature in influencing researchers and policymakers, and aims at integrating local socioeconomic and cultural contexts, while also assessing the hazard perception of communities. This also means that while the focus of this article is the Himalayan region, the ideas and the SWOT framework proposed here can easily be adapted for any other geographical region globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical insight on the formation of a barrier-beach-dune system: The case of the central sector of the Kyparissiakos Gulf coastal zone (Western Greece)","authors":"John D. Alexopoulos ,&nbsp;Serafeim E. Poulos ,&nbsp;Ioannis-Konstantinos Giannopoulos ,&nbsp;Vasileios Gkosios ,&nbsp;Spyridon Dilalos ,&nbsp;George Ghionis","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the formation and development of a coastal barrier associated with the recent evolution of the beach/dune system of the Kyparissiakos Gulf (SE Ionian Sea, central Mediterranean Sea) during the late phase of the Holocene (Flandrian) transgression. The study is based on the application of combined geophysical (ERT: Electrical Resistivity Tomography; GPR: Ground Penetrating Radar) and geotechnical (CPT: Cone Penetration Test; boreholes) techniques, supported by sedimentological (granulometric, mineralogical, palaeontological) analyses. According to the interpretation of the collected and processed data, the formation of the coastal barrier started during the transition between the fast and slow phase of the sea level rise (i.e. 6-7 ka BP), which coincides with an increased fluvial sediment inflow induced by the prevailing wetter climatic conditions (8000 - 3700 BP). The development of the coastal barrier most likely involves a progradational beach, associated with the formation of dunes that follow aggradational phases of coastal barrier and beach evolution. Based on ¹⁴C dating, the formation of the two younger dune ridges took place no earlier than 350 and 950 cal yr BP, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An NMF-based qualified review of the trending topics in hydrology in the current era","authors":"Sila Ovgu Korkut ,&nbsp;Femin Yalcin ,&nbsp;Erman Ulker","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs an AI-based approach using a non-negative matrix factorization tool, a kind of topic modeling method, to identify key research areas in hydrology. The observed hot topics were categorized into two main topic strands through a rigorous validity analysis which are “river basin” and “soil moisture.” Focusing on studies from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, it examines the interconnected topics of \"river basin\" and \"soil moisture,\" narrowed down to 130 by expert review. These research items have been rigorously detailed in a tabular form for clarity and comprehensive understanding. Key findings indicate that 67 % of studies focus on “river basin,” 47 % on “soil moisture,” and 14 % on both, with “climate change” being a primary focus across these topics. The review highlights the increasing use of software, AI, and machine learning in hydrology, driven by digitalization. Optimization and forecasting are identified as prominent research areas, reflecting the ongoing relevance of climate crisis and water resource management in contemporary research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three parameter calculation method for dry rock modulus and its application in feasibility evaluation of time-lapse seismic in G oilfield","authors":"Shuchun Cao ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Cao ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Bao ,&nbsp;Chunpeng Li ,&nbsp;Liyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the offshore GE Oilfield with typical marine turbidite sandstone reservoirs and rich reserves. Improving production efficiency is crucial, and OBN-based TLS monitoring is the key means. However, the Macbeth method for calculating dry rock modulus in TLS rock physics theory has limited applicability. It's hard to accurately assess TLS performance in different porous reservoirs, severely restricting in-depth reservoir understanding. To address this issue, this study innovatively proposes a three-parameter dry rock modulus TP method that comprehensively considers porosity, density, and effective pressure, based on the petrophysical test data of 9 representative rock samples. Through rigorous comparative verification of data from low-, medium-, and high-porosity rock samples, the results show the TP method can be stably used under different porosity conditions, with broad universality and high prediction accuracy. It's incorporated into the Gassmann equation for G Oilfield TLS evaluation. A relational template of the CWI difference of 16 reservoir types considering porosity and shale content versus water saturation and pressure changes is constructed, and the corresponding changing laws are clarified. Meanwhile, factoring in bound water and residual oil saturation, a comparative analysis of TLS evaluations of four reservoir rock samples (R1, R2, R3, R4) is performed. It aims to assess the feasibility of TLS monitoring for each reservoir under different conditions, including maximum fluid replacement, single fluid replacement, and the combined impact of fluid replacement and pressure drop. The results will offer a more accurate and efficient method for G Oilfield's TLS monitoring, strongly supporting the enhancement of production efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater nitrate sources and potential health risks in a typical alluvial plain of northwest China","authors":"Hao Liang ,&nbsp;Peiyue Li ,&nbsp;Vetrimurugan Elumalai ,&nbsp;Yan Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to anthropogenic pressures and the unpredictable impacts of climate change, groundwater quality issue has emerged as a critical concern. This study was carried out to investigate the evolving geochemical profile, identify the nitrate sources and transformation mechanisms, and assess the associated health hazards of phreatic groundwater in the Hua District, China. To achieve this goal, 65 and 37 phreatic water samples were collected in in October 2018 and March 2023, respectively, and analyzed for main water quality parameters and stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O-H₂O, δ²H-H₂O, δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-, and δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-). Piper diagram and ionic ratios were used for understanding the hydrochemical types and its evolution, stable isotopes were employed for tracing nitrate source, and human health risk assessment was also conducted to quantify the human health risk caused by exposure to groundwater NO₃⁻. The results showed that main ion composition of groundwater hydrochemistry is controlled by the rock weathering and dissolution of carbonates and sulfate minerals. The chemical types of groundwater present an evolution trend from SO₄•Cl-Ca•Mg to HCO₃-Ca•Mg. Severe nitrate pollution was detected particularly in the central and southern regions, with peak nitrate concentrations reaching 442 and 271 mg/L in 2018 and 2023, respectively. Nitrate sources include sewage, soil organic nitrogen, and fertilizers. A shift from single (M&amp;S) to multiple nitrate sources in groundwater was observed, with nitrification as the primary transformation process. The non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults declined from 0.245–3.455 to 0.039–2.586 and from 0.236–2.392 to 0.031–1.469, respectively, from 2018 to 2023. Additionally, these risky regions are shifting northward. Hence, individuals in the north-central part should heighten their vigilance towards groundwater quality to reduce the threats of nitrate pollution to human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal interpretation and forewarning of mining area disasters via microseismic time-space-energy nested","authors":"Congcong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zilong Zhou ,&nbsp;Dazhao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mining of deep metal deposits faces frequent disasters such as ground pressure. Although microseismic monitoring technology is widely used, the nonlinear and disordered characteristics of its signals increase the difficulty of disaster prediction. To effectively process and analyze chaotic microseismic signals, and apply them to disaster warning in mining sites. We introduce fractal theory to conduct data analysis and fractal interpretation of microseismic data, thereby revealing the evolution laws of microseismic events. A new warning method based on spatiotemporal energy fractal dimension is proposed by combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field experiments. Taking a copper mine in Xinjiang as an example, microseismic monitoring technology is used to obtain time-space-energy parameters of rock mass failure, and fractal dimension is applied to characterize the state and development trend of rock mass failure. By studying the mechanical properties of rock masses and the time-space-energy evolution of microseismic activity, the effectiveness and practicality of rock mass regional failure characterization and forewarning methods based on microseismic monitoring have been verified. Specifically, when the time series is 3.26 days and the spatial unit is 6.97 m ∗ 7.88 m ∗ 1.67 m, and the maximum 25 % energy fractal dimension interval is used as the threshold, the event prediction rate is 96.875 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of evapotranspiration models for lake Urmia: Implications for water resource management in semi-arid regions","authors":"Jafar Chabokpour","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a detailed study of evapotranspiration estimation over the period of 1974–2017 in the Lake Urmia basin, Iran. Traditional empirical models like Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves-Samani, Priestley-Taylor, and Thornthwaite are compared in this study with some advanced soft computing techniques, including artificial neural networks, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems, and support vector regression. The results show that the soft computing techniques always perform better, particularly ANN, in comparison to traditional models for both accuracy and adaptability over various climatic conditions. Among the traditional approaches, the Penman-Monteith model performs best. It also introduces a new ET model dimensionally consistent, developed through dimensional analysis, which works comparably to the Penman-Monteith model. This long-term trend analysis reveals a highly significant annual increase in ET of about 5.2 mm y⁻¹, with a change point detected in the year 1995. The study further discusses the effect of land use changes on ET patterns, showing remarkable increases in agricultural and urban areas of about 23.7 % and 156.3 %, respectively, over the study period. Sensitivity analyses, in fact, show that accurate ET estimation is very important where temperature and solar radiation measurements are concerned. In this respect, different statistical techniques like wavelet analysis and principal component analysis will be used to create nuanced insight into ET dynamics within the Lake Urmia basin. Moreover, the paper investigates models' performance for differing climatic conditions and their ability to capture extreme ET events. In this respect, the comprehensive approach to and the intercomparison of ET processes in semi-arid regions presented in this study are very useful.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturally occurring radionuclides and potentially toxic elements in mine waters from artisanal mining sites within Ife-Ilesha schist-belt in Nigeria","authors":"Matthew Omoniyi Isinkaye ,&nbsp;Paulinah Oyindamola Fasanmi ,&nbsp;Hamid Osman ,&nbsp;Mayeen Uddin Khandaker","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.103902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ife-Ilesha schist belt in southwest Nigeria is one of the most mineralized schist belts in Nigeria. Large amount of wastes are generated during mining processes and accumulate as tailings within the mining environment. These tailings, which contain high concentrations of natural radionuclides and potentially toxic elements, are washed into mining ponds in the mining environment. The water in these mining ponds is utilized by miners and populations around the mining sites, thereby causing serious negative health effects on humans and the environment. Water samples were collected from mining pits and waste water ponds in five gold mining sites and a kaolin mining site within the Ife-Ilesha schist belt. Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U, and ²³²Th) and potential toxic elements (PTEs) have been measured using gamma and atomic absorption spectroscopies. The results show that average concentrations of ⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U, and ²³²Th in the mine waters are 217 ± 40, 10 ± 09 and 16 ± 02 Bq/kg, which are far higher than their permissible level in water. The average concentrations PTEs decrease according to the sequence; Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; As &gt; Cd &gt; Ni. The concentrations of As, Cd and Cr, exceeded their respective limits in mine water. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the mine waters pose significant radiological risks. The results of PTEs show potential risks to both humans and the environment from the mine waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}