Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献

Unified model for groundwater quality assessment using multivariate statistical techniques and geospatial approaches in northern Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India 基于多元统计技术和地理空间方法的印度泰米尔纳德邦北部蒂鲁瓦卢尔地区地下水质量评价统一模型

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104119

Govindhan Perumal

{"title":"Unified model for groundwater quality assessment using multivariate statistical techniques and geospatial approaches in northern Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Govindhan Perumal","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in the northern Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, and India, aimed at evaluating its suitability for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use. A total of 50 groundwater samples, collected in 2023, were analyzed for key physicochemical parameters. Results reveal that the majority of samples exhibit slightly alkaline pH and elevated hardness, with critical parameters electrical conductivity (1354 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (1104 mg/L), total hardness (449 mg/L), sodium (236.7 mg/L), calcium (88.8 mg/L), chloride (411 mg/L), magnesium (52.9 mg/L), bicarbonate (269 mg/L), nitrate (13.90 mg/L), and fluoride (0.39 mg/L) exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits for potable water. Multivariate statistical techniques, including Pearson correlation and R-mode factor analysis, identified TDS, EC, TH, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>−</sup> as the dominant controlling variables. Ionic distribution followed the order Na<sup>+</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup> > Mg<sup>2+</sup> > K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> > HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> > SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, indicating both marine intrusion and geogenic processes. Geospatial mapping delineated zones of salinity, alkalinity, and anthropogenic influence, while the Piper diagram classified the majority of samples as Na–Cl water type especially prominent in coastal locations suggesting seawater intrusion. The Water Quality Index (WQI) ranged from 37.9 to 299, with 62.5 % of samples falling within excellent to acceptable categories for drinking purposes. Additionally, 36 sites were deemed suitable for agricultural irrigation. The findings underscore the interplay of natural and anthropogenic drivers on groundwater quality and emphasize the need for robust, location-specific groundwater management strategies to safeguard this vulnerable coastal aquifer system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrochemical and stable isotopic analysis of surface water and groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin, China: Implication to understanding their interactions 关中盆地地表水和地下水的水化学和稳定同位素分析：对理解它们相互作用的意义

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104116

Hadji Dauda Smaila Kallon , Peiyue Li , Misbah Fida

{"title":"Hydrochemical and stable isotopic analysis of surface water and groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin, China: Implication to understanding their interactions","authors":"Hadji Dauda Smaila Kallon , Peiyue Li , Misbah Fida","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing water resources sustainably requires a thorough grasp of surface-groundwater interactions to maintain healthy ecosystems. This study investigated surface water-groundwater interactions in the Guanzhong Basin, a typical semi-humid continental monsoon region in Northwest China, by examining hydrochemistry and stable isotopes (δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O) of surface water and groundwater. A total of 27 monitoring sites across the target cities (Weinan, Xi'an, and Baoji) were sampled in 2022. The surface and groundwater hydrochemical properties show distinct spatial patterns across the region. The HCO<sub>3</sub>–Ca·Mg hydrochemical type was the most prevalent in surface water and groundwater. The distribution of hydraulic connectivity varies significantly across the four sites in Baoji, Xi'an, and Weinan, with Weinan showing dominant high connectivity at Sites 1 and 2, Xi'an at Site 3, and Baoji at Site 4. This spatial pattern highlights distinct hydrogeological characteristics governed by site-specific hydraulic properties, reflecting localized differences in subsurface properties. Groundwater in Baoji, Xi'an, and Weinan was primarily recharged by precipitation (17 %, 68 %, and 15 %), surface water (50 %, 41 %, and 9 %), and inflow from upstream areas (52 %, 40 %, and 8 %), respectively. The combined hydrochemical and isotopic results indicated spatial variability in surface water and groundwater interactions. These findings provide a robust scientific foundation for the region's integrated groundwater and surface water interaction management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response characteristic of fenaminosulf and Pb(II) on interactively modified moss peat 磺胺砜和铅（II）对交互改性苔藓泥炭的响应特性

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104121

Siyu Ye , Bin Zhu , Hongyan Deng , Abbas Touqeer , Wenbin Li

{"title":"Response characteristic of fenaminosulf and Pb(II) on interactively modified moss peat","authors":"Siyu Ye , Bin Zhu , Hongyan Deng , Abbas Touqeer , Wenbin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, extracts (E) from <em>Portulaca oleracea</em>, dimethyl dodecyl betaine (D), and sodium alginate (S) were utilized for single, binary, and ternary modifications on the surface of moss peat (MP). The microscopic morphology of the interactively modified MPs was studied using various testing methods. A batch method was employed to investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of fenaminosulf (FMF) and Pb(II) adsorption on the tested materials, and the effects of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on adsorption were compared. The modifications of E, D, and S altered the physicochemical properties and introduced functional groups onto the MP. The adsorption behavior of FMF and Pb(II) was better described by the Henry and Langmuir models, respectively. The adsorption capacities of FMF and Pb(II) were all in the order of ternary > binary > single modification. Raising the pH level was advantageous for Pb(II) adsorption but not favorable for FMF adsorption. The adsorption capacity for both FMF and Pb(II) initially increased and subsequently decreased as ionic strength rose. The adsorption of FMF and Pb(II) onto various modified MPs increased with higher temperatures, and the process was spontaneous, endothermic, and resulted in an increase in entropy, aligning with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transforming mining-affected lands through eco-friendly reclamation strategies 通过生态友好的开垦战略改造受采矿影响的土地

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104128

Yasir Ahmed Solangi, Rakan Alyamani

{"title":"Transforming mining-affected lands through eco-friendly reclamation strategies","authors":"Yasir Ahmed Solangi, Rakan Alyamani","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mining operations have played an important role in promoting economic development historically, but they commonly have a significant negative impact on the surrounding environment that levels of degradation caused by the release of heavy metals. To better advance sustainable development in post-mining landscapes, particularly in terms of rebuilding and restoring environmental harm, a viable reclamation approach is to support long-term ecological recovery and socio-economic recovery. This study investigates the viable sustainable mining technologies as a reclamation approach. The fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was utilized to prioritize decision criteria and sub-criteria and the fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) approach was used to rank remediation strategies. The fuzzy AHP analysis identified environmental sustainability as the most critical factor, emphasizing the need for reclamation practices that positively impact the environment. This was followed by economic viability, highlighting the importance of cost-effective implementation, and technological feasibility, which underlines the value of employing advanced technological solutions. Moreover, the fuzzy WASPAS analysis identified advanced soil remediation techniques, eco-friendly tailings management and waste repurposing, and sustainable water treatment and acid mine drainage as the most effective approaches. These findings emphasize the importance of cost-effective and ecologically sound interventions that advance sustainable development objectives in mining-impacted landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-stack seismic impedance inversion based on sparse-coded Mamba seismic model 基于稀疏编码Mamba地震模型的叠后地震阻抗反演

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104114

Yijian Lin , Suping Peng , Xiaoqin Cui , Yongxu Lu

{"title":"Post-stack seismic impedance inversion based on sparse-coded Mamba seismic model","authors":"Yijian Lin , Suping Peng , Xiaoqin Cui , Yongxu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-stack seismic impedance inversion plays a vital role in reservoir characterization and seismic attribute analysis, enabling the interpretation of lithological properties and the prediction of shale distribution in coal seam roofs and floors—critical for mine safety and working face design. However, conventional inversion methods often suffer from low resolution, strong non-uniqueness, and a heavy reliance on low-frequency initial models, limiting their generalization and practical reliability. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces an enhanced seismic inversion network that integrates a Mamba-based encoder with a masked autoencoder (MAE) to effectively capture global dependencies and structural features in seismic data. Furthermore, a physics-guided learning framework is proposed by incorporating a forward operator and well-log constraints, enhancing the physical consistency and stability of the inversion process. Validation on the Marmousi2 model and field datasets demonstrates that the proposed method significantly outperforms conventional approaches, increasing the Pearson correlation coefficient(PCC) from 0.90 to 0.95 at blind well locations and reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) by 0.11 compared to Constrain Sparse Spike Inversion (CSSI). The results confirm that our model achieves higher spatial continuity and geological plausibility with improved computational efficiency. This work provides a robust deep learning solution for high-resolution impedance inversion, offering substantial practical value for enhanced reservoir characterization and reduced exploration risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mining overburden sand from lignite mines as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete 开采褐煤矿山上覆砂作为混凝土中细集料的部分替代品

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104124

B. Balakrishna Prasanna , G.R. Senthil Kumar , P. Gopinathan , Amit Karmakar , Md Mustaque Ansari , T. Subramani

{"title":"Mining overburden sand from lignite mines as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete","authors":"B. Balakrishna Prasanna , G.R. Senthil Kumar , P. Gopinathan , Amit Karmakar , Md Mustaque Ansari , T. Subramani","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive opencast mining activities have resulted in massive generations of overburden dump materials which have become a significant global contributor to environmental pollution, land degradation and pose a threat to environmental sustainability. This study explores the potential of utilizing overburden material of the Neyveli lignite mine area as a sustainable alternative to natural river sand for construction application. The research involves a comprehensive physio-chemical and mechanical analysis of overburden sand extracted from the Neyveli mine site area, assessing its mineral contents, distribution of particle sizes and compressive strength. The result reveals that overburden sand is predominantly composed of quartz and alumina, meets IS standards for fine aggregates and demonstrates comparable performance to manufactured sand. Concrete specimens incorporating overburden sand exhibited satisfactory strength with a compressive strength of 58 MPa at 28 days, which is comparable to manufactured sand-based concrete 60 MPa at 28 days. Additionally, XRD, XRF, SEM and sieve analysis confirmed that overburden extracted sand possesses desirable properties for construction applications. The study highlights the dual benefits of repurposing overburden i.e., reducing environmental hazards and mitigating the depletion of natural sand resources in rivers. Overburden extracted sand proves to be a viable and eco-friendly substitute for fine aggregates. Further studies on long-term durability, large-scale implementation and economic feasibility are recommended to enhance its widespread adoption in sustainable construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling of gravity drainage and molecular diffusion mechanisms during miscible gas injection in naturally fractured reservoirs 天然裂缝性储层注混相气重力排水与分子扩散机制建模

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104133

Mustafa Abdullah , Zaid Ajzan Alsalami , Deepak J , Johar Mgm , Anupama Routray , Karthikeyan A , Harjot Singh Gill , Amanpreet Sandhu , Hojjat Abbasi

{"title":"Modeling of gravity drainage and molecular diffusion mechanisms during miscible gas injection in naturally fractured reservoirs","authors":"Mustafa Abdullah , Zaid Ajzan Alsalami , Deepak J , Johar Mgm , Anupama Routray , Karthikeyan A , Harjot Singh Gill , Amanpreet Sandhu , Hojjat Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas injection in naturally fractured reservoirs helps maintain reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery. While gravity drainage has been extensively researched, particularly in immiscible gas injection scenarios, the combined effects of gravity drainage and molecular diffusion during miscible gas injection with CO<sub>2</sub> have not been as widely studied. This lack of a comprehensive understanding of these coupled mechanisms represents a significant research gap, which is critical for optimizing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) strategies in these complex reservoirs. This study aims to address this gap by implementing a hybrid simulation and modeling approach using Eclipse-300 and COMSOL to accurately capture fluid flow and mass transfer phenomena during miscible CO<sub>2</sub> injection. We utilize single-block and multi-block models to investigate the mechanisms of gravity drainage and molecular diffusion. The simulation results, which were validated against available experimental data, show good agreement. Our findings highlight that molecular diffusion plays a significant role in oil recovery, especially for matrix blocks with small heights and very low permeability. For instance, a representative simulation showed a total methane recovery of 35.99 % after 15 h. The results also underscore the importance of using appropriate oil-gas saturation functions for accurate recovery predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate change impacts on the small-scale hydropower potential for the Pungwe B hydropower scheme in Zimbabwe using a multi-model climate ensemble 利用多模式气候集合分析气候变化对津巴布韦Pungwe B水电项目小水电潜力的影响

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104118

M. Muzava , A. Mhizha , D.T. Rwasoka , W. Gumindoga

{"title":"Climate change impacts on the small-scale hydropower potential for the Pungwe B hydropower scheme in Zimbabwe using a multi-model climate ensemble","authors":"M. Muzava , A. Mhizha , D.T. Rwasoka , W. Gumindoga","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is anticipated to significantly impact hydropower generation in Southern Africa, especially for small-scale producers. This study investigated climate change impacts on the hydropower potential (Pt) of the Pungwe B hydropower scheme in Zimbabwe. The methodology combined hydro-meteorological data, 15 CMIP6 GCMs, statistical analyses, and HEC-HMS hydrological modelling to simulate streamflow. The impacts of climate change on Pt were determined using trends analysis and Power Potential Duration Curves (PPDC). The Hydrological model performed satisfactorily with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.67 and an R2 of 0.66. The results of Pt revealed a general decrease in future trends, categorized into Mid-Century Future (MCF) and Late-Century Future (LCF). The results indicated that the sustainability pathway (SSP1-2.6) forecasts a steady decline in Pt, with 53 % and 67 % of models showing a decrease during the MCF and LCF periods, respectively. The unsustainable pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) have more variable results. In the LCF period, 73 % of the models for SSP2-4.5 and 80 % for SSP5-8.5 predicted a long-term reduction. This highlights that extreme weather events and increased variability may lead to short-term fluctuations in hydropower potential rather than a genuine upward trend. Overall, the findings highlight a projected general decrease in hydropower potential for Pungwe B, with specific decreases ranging from 79.6 MW to 100.3 MW depending on the scenario and time-period. The study concludes that these results underscore the critical need for flexible adaptation plans and infrastructure investments to manage increased climate variability and ensure the long-term resilience and sustainability of the project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paleoenvironmental and organic facies analysis of potential hydrocarbon source rocks in Surghar Range, Kohat Plateau 科哈特高原苏歇尔山脉潜在烃源岩古环境与有机相分析

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104130

Arif Nazir , Fraz Khalid , Saeed Abbas , Muhammad Deen , Munawar Iqbal , Umer Younas , Muhammad Iftikhar Khan , Rab Nawaz

{"title":"Paleoenvironmental and organic facies analysis of potential hydrocarbon source rocks in Surghar Range, Kohat Plateau","authors":"Arif Nazir , Fraz Khalid , Saeed Abbas , Muhammad Deen , Munawar Iqbal , Umer Younas , Muhammad Iftikhar Khan , Rab Nawaz","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The source, lithology and depositional environment of the organic matter (OM) were determined by analyzing sediment samples from the Surghar Range, Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin, using diagnostic biomarkers. These samples from the M-3, C-2, and N-2 wells were classified as belonging to a mixed kind of OM that was dumped in aquatic sediments under oxygen-starved circumstances based on their aliphatic and aromatic structural components. The origin of OM is supported by the samples' positioning using graphical representation of Pr/nC<sub>17</sub> vs. Ph/nC<sub>18</sub>, the steranes ternary diagram, and the Pristane/Phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio. The OM in Patala, Hangu, Samanasuk, and Shinawari formations exhibit a mature distribution of OEP (0.88–1.04 and 0.88–1.92), CPI, and the ratios of ββ/ββ + αα steranes. With certain biomarker ratios identifying the type of kerogen present, mostly type-II/III, the results indicate that the sediments have significant hydrocarbon potential. This study highlights the need for future research to evaluate the Kohat Basin's hydrocarbon potential more thoroughly while also providing insightful information about the region's geological past and petroleum system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing aridity index assessment in Pakistan's dryland ecosystems: A machine learning approach integrating remote sensing and seasonal lag effects 加强巴基斯坦旱地生态系统的干旱指数评估：整合遥感和季节滞后效应的机器学习方法

IF 4.1 3区地球科学

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2025.104135

Nausheen Mazhar , Asad K. Ghalib , Issam Malki , Noreena , Sana Arshad

{"title":"Enhancing aridity index assessment in Pakistan's dryland ecosystems: A machine learning approach integrating remote sensing and seasonal lag effects","authors":"Nausheen Mazhar , Asad K. Ghalib , Issam Malki , Noreena , Sana Arshad","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2025.104135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dryland ecosystems are highly vulnerable to increased aridity, thus exacerbating the drought stress. From this perspective, our study aimed to evaluate the aridity index (AI) and Standardized Precipitation Index at a three-month scale (SPI-3) across three arid stations of Pakistan from 1990 to 2023. Seven remote sensing indices were used as covariates with SPI-3 and mean temperature for enhanced prediction. Four well-optimized machine learning models were employed on seasonally decomposed time series. Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.001) increasing trend of AI and SPI-3 values, indicating a comparatively lower aridity in recent years. It was consistent with the increasing trend of NDVI with Sen's slope range from 0.0002 to 0.003. Cross correlation showed a seasonal effect of biophysical indicators on AI with a positive correlation of r = 0.4 with NDVI and r = 0.6 with NDWI at lag 0, indicating a late lag effect. Furthermore, machine learning prediction of AI with a three-month lag size revealed an outperformance of Gradient Boosting Regression with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.806 and RMSE = 0.076, followed by Random Forest with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.732 and RMSE = 0.089. The Dry Barren Soil Index (DBSI), NDWI, and SPI-3 gained high feature importance in the highly performed model. Our study highlights the significance of temporal and seasonal relationships of aridity and biophysical indicators in dryland ecosystems, informing region-specific land and water resource management policies to mitigate hydroclimatic extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0