Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical performance of cement concrete with use of combined fibers of basalt and bamboo","authors":"Sachin Kumar,&nbsp;Umesh Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation utilized the combined blend of basalt and bamboo fibers as an additive in concrete, with the fibers being added based on the weight of the cement. The performances of concrete on the aforementioned fibers were compared based on mechanical parameters. The specimens were matured for 7, 28, and 90 days. It was observed that the inclusion of BFBM (basalt fiber and bamboo fiber) into HFRC (Hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete) resulted in a 17.11% increase in compressive strength (CS) after 28 days of maturing when the BFBM dose was 2.0%. Utilizing BFBM to analyze the flexural strength (FS) parameter led to a significant enhancement in FS. At a dosage of 1.5%, the FS increased by 100% after 7 days of curing, while at a dosage of 2% after 28 days of maturing, the FS increased by 52.98% compared to concrete. The UPV Test verified the presence of a uniform concrete mixture. Examination of data using SPSS software was done to perform regression analysis, factor analysis, and principal component analysis. The regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations between the dosage, maturing age, and mechanical characteristics of concrete. The factor analysis showed an efficient consolidation of the three variables into a single component, which accounted for 88.08% of the variation. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure validated the sufficiency of the sample, whereas Bartlett’s test revealed the presence of sphericity. The results indicate that the dosage amount and the length of time for curing have compelling impact on the strength qualities of the concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the impacts of coal mining on baseflow changes under the Budyko framework: A case study of Northern Shaanxi, China","authors":"Fangbing Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Jiang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Nuo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal mining alters the regional and local hydrogeological conditions and subsurface parameters, significantly impacting the hydrological cycle. Baseflow is particularly sensitive to changes in subsurface parameters and hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, studying the impact of coal mining on baseflow is crucial for understanding its effects on the water cycle. In this paper, 9 segmentation methods are used to separate the baseflow, after the applicability analysis, the Chapman-Maxwell and Boughton-Chapman separation methods were used. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt tests are employed to determine the mutation years of baseflow. Finally, within the Budyko framework, the elasticity coefficient is calculated to estimate the changes in baseflow attributed to variations in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and underlying surface index. The results indicate that: (1) Based on the comparison of results and error analysis, we conclude that the Chapman-Maxwell separation method and the Boughton-Chapman separation method are the most suitable for the typical basins in the Shaanxi mining area. (2) During the study period, baseflow experienced a mutation in the late 1990s and showed an overall declining trend. (3) There is spatial heterogeneity in the influence of coal mining activities on baseflow, which has a negative impact. The change of base flow after mutation is −2.86 × 10⁸ m³.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking back to look forward: Explorations on water scenario in Bundelkhand, Central India","authors":"Saurabh Sharma ,&nbsp;Jenia Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Uday Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Anuradha Choudry","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At present, India is suffering from the worst water crisis in its history, and millions of lives and livelihoods are under threat. As per NITI Aayog's Water Index Report (2018), 40% of the population will have no access to drinking water by 2030. A 2016 report by Down To Earth (DTE) stated that 116,000 water harvesting structures were constructed between 2006 and 2015, and 15,000 crore rupees were spent on drought-proofing measures in Bundelkhand, Central India. Still, the region had 15th consecutive crop loss and 13 droughts in the past 15 years. Water historians like Elizabeth Whitcombe, Rohan D'Souza, and others have demonstrated how British imperialism led to the replacement of traditional water harvesting structures and systems, severely altering existing water-society relationships. On the contrary, Ian Stone, David Mosse, and Esha Shah argued that the ‘pre-colonial equilibrium’ versus ‘colonial hydrology’ framework is an exaggeration. Within this context, the research reveals the tangled roots of various causes and variables, and practically informing policy circles to tackle contemporary water issues and challenges and achieve SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high dams and large reservoirs with cascade development on stable water isotopes","authors":"Yichen Liu ,&nbsp;Yuchuan Meng ,&nbsp;Guodong Liu ,&nbsp;Shu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cascade development alters the natural continuity of rivers in the watershed, thereby altering hydrologic characteristics. Based on the water sampling conducted in September 2020 and June 2021 in the Dadu River basin, Southwestern China, this study reports the influence of cascade development on the stable isotope compositional characteristics of the Dadu River basin and identifies the primary influencing environmental factors. The mean values of δD and δ¹⁸O in the waters of the Dadu River basin are −108.41‰, −15.34‰ and −95.88‰, −13.91‰ in September and June, respectively, and the isotopes are more enriched in June. From upstream to downstream, the stable isotopes exhibit an enrichment trend due to evaporation and tributary inflow. Overall, gradual increase in stream water temperature along the Dadu River, and the stable isotopes present a positive correlation with the water temperature. The water body of Dadu River show elevation, latitude, and longitude effect, but changes in latitude and longitude have a smaller effect on stable isotopes. To determine the weight of influences on stable isotopes in reservoir water, we used principal component analysis and found that water temperature was the main influence, while the retention time of the water body in the reservoir area has the smallest influence among the five influencing factors as 12.29%. The study reveals that the cascade development of high dams and large reservoirs affects the hydrological situation of the basin, which in turn causes changes in the ecological environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the role of sustainable water bodies in urban drainage systems to mitigate urban flooding: A case study of Gurgaon, Haryana, India","authors":"Arnab Mondal,&nbsp;Rahul Dev Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the last 5 years, Gurgaon a city in India has been facing an issue of urban flooding due to illicit encroachments over the local waterbodies, poor drainage system and increasing rainfall. In this study, Remote sensing data are employed to find the most flooded areas identified using Partial Least Square Regression and 18 new retention ponds are proposed to build a Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) in open space and barren lands. In SWMM, the Urban Drainage System (UDS) model is simulated using 24-h rainfall hyetograph from hourly PERSIANN-CSS rainfall data (yearly rainfall events) and 7-h rainfall hyetograph from half-hourly IMERG Global Precipitation Data (extreme rainfall events) from 2000 to 2023. After comparing both UDS and SuDS in SWMM, it is found that the flood volume has decreased significantly from 240 CMS to 180 CMS (for yearly rainfall) and 500 CMS to 350 CMS (7-h rainfall hyetograph). The study also compares the structural resilience of the drainage system under the conditions of no link failure and single link failure scenarios. In no failure situation, 20% more resilience has been achieved for yearly rainfall and 10% more for extreme rainfall events. In single link failure conditions, SuDS is helping to reach 20–47% resilience for yearly rainfall events and 7–30% resilience for extreme rainfall events. Thus, this study helps to achieve SDGs 11 and 13 to build a resilient and climate-adaptive urban drainage in Gurgaon. The study gives significant insights regarding the competency of urban waterbodies to city planners and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric resonance of surface geomagnetic waves as a precursor of local earthquakes","authors":"A.E. Volvach,&nbsp;G.S. Kurbasova,&nbsp;L.N. Volvach","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquake prediction is currently one of the most pressing problems in the Earth sciences, to a large extent one of the main tasks of physics of the Earth and the most important task of seismology. This paper considers the distinctive features of geomagnetic disturbances observed in the structure of geophysical fields during the development of a seismic process. An analysis of observations of the geomagnetic field at various points on the Earth's surface in connection with an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 and 7.5 that occurred in the region of Turkey on February 06, 2023 was carried out. The process of noise suppression without damaging high-frequency information was carried out using the Multivariate Denoising method.</div><div>The analysis of bursts, moments of sharp changes in the oscillation mode was carried out using the wavelet transform method of data at various levels. For the first time, it was proposed to consider the parametric resonance of surface geomagnetic oscillations as a precursor of earthquakes. As the moment of the earthquake onset approaches, regions of pronounced topological similarity of geomagmetic field curves for magnetic variation stations in the interval from 5 to 6 h and then in the interval from 25 to 30 min before the earthquake.</div><div>Using the wavelet transform method of data at the geomagnetic station in Simeiz, a picture of the restructuring of the frequency of surface geomagnetic oscillations was obtained before the main shock in Turkey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding dominant hydrological processes and mechanisms of water flow in a semi-arid mountainous catchment of the Cape Fold Belt","authors":"Faith Jumbi ,&nbsp;Julia Glenday ,&nbsp;Dominic Mazvimavi","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving our understanding of streamflow characteristics, water storage, and dominant flowpaths in mountainous regions is important as mountains play a vital role in delivering water to lowlands, particularly in semi-arid areas. This work characterized water sources, flowpaths, and streamflow characteristics in the semi-arid, mountainous Kromme catchment in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Precipitation, shallow and deep groundwater levels, and streamflow data were analysed to identify patterns that indicate the occurrence and/or dominance of certain processes, responses, and flowpaths. Results of the study demonstrated how the catchment responds to rainfall events across seasons and rainfall intensities. Steep and rocky areas that make up much of the catchment contributed to significant flood peaks after high-intensity storms. Quick and slow responses in flow after rainfall events indicated the dominance of both surface and subsurface flowpaths respectively. Furthermore, surface and subsurface flows were significant in recharging the floodplain alluvial aquifer as well as maintaining streamflow during dry periods. Average annual runoff coefficients were low (0.09), which implied large evapotranspiration (ET) withdrawals from dominant flowpaths and/or storage in inactive groundwater. The Kromme catchment has a sizeable floodplain with large alluvial aquifers, which make significant contributions to catchment storage and outflows. Overall, the catchment streamflow was sustained by baseflow (for ∼50% of the time). Recession patterns suggested that the channel receives flow from different storages with the alluvial and bedrock aquifers as main contributors. Flow contributions had different rates with maximum recession periods up to 22 days, indicative of interflow dominance and floodplain drainage. Throughout the monitoring period, the river system was gaining flow at the different monitored sites during both low and high flow conditions. The channel was also gaining from the mountain bedrock through tributary flows and from the alluvial aquifer. A conceptual model of flowpaths and processes at the catchment scale is presented to improve the understanding of catchment scale hydrological processes in a semi-arid meso-scale mountainous environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil dielectric response to chemical fertilizers in Northern India's key agricultural areas","authors":"Prachi Palta ,&nbsp;Ankur Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of various artificial nutrient components, specifically Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and their combination (NPK), on the dielectric properties of soil (<em>ε′ and ε''</em>). The research focuses on examining the physical, chemical, and dielectric properties of soil influenced by different concentrations of these fertilizers, both individually and in combination. Dielectric analysis was performed within the radio and microwave spectrum (200 MHz-14 GHz) using a modified probe arrangement with an Agilent 85070E open-ended coaxial probe and a vector network analyzer.</div><div>The results revealed a complex interplay between N, P, K, and NPK concentrations and soil characteristics. The varying chemical compositions significantly altered the soil's physical and chemical properties, as detailed in the tabulated results. Soils treated with K exhibited the highest dielectric parameter (<em>ε′ and ε''</em>) values, followed by P and N and NPK combined. Advanced modeling techniques, including Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Machine Learning (ML), were employed to predict soil dielectric properties (<em>ε′ and ε''</em>) as functions of nutrient concentrations, temperature, and frequency. The RSM models demonstrated high precision, with R² values of 0.9982, 0.9958, 0.9913, and 0.9962 for <em>ε′</em> of N, P, K, and NPK, respectively. However, the accuracy of these models decreased for <em>ε''</em>. To address this limitation, various ML regression models were analyzed for <em>ε′ and ε''</em>, yielding high accuracy and enhanced prediction values, with MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R² scores of 0.378, 0.196, 0.615, and 0.9945 for <em>ε′</em> and 0.045, 0.0034, 0.212, and 0.95 for <em>ε''</em>, respectively. This research highlights the significant effects of N, P, K, and NPK on soil dielectric behavior, providing valuable insights into nutrient-soil interactions. The findings have practical implications for agricultural practices, offering a non-destructive method to assess soil nutrient levels and optimize fertilization strategies for enhanced crop productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the microplastic pandemic: Prevalence, detection, and human health impacts in Asian aquatic environments","authors":"Kalpana Patidar ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alshehri ,&nbsp;Wrick Singha ,&nbsp;Muneera Alrasheedi ,&nbsp;Alaa M. Younis ,&nbsp;Umesh Chandra Dumka ,&nbsp;Balram Ambade","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics pose a major threat to the globe due to their increased pollution and concerning effects on biota and humans. Presently, every terrestrial and marine region is affected diversely by microplastic contamination. The most polluted locations are industrialized metropolitan areas and coastal regions with considerable human activity. In this study, we choose representative samples of freshwater, marine, and biota in water, as well as sediments with different levels of microplastic pollution and distinct geographical conditions. For individually chosen aquatic areas and matrices, we reviewed, assessed, and summarised the current microplastic pollution and various methods of microplastic pollution assessment. The highest concentration of microplastics in data collected in Asia was found to be 372 ± 14.3 item/L and 9630 ± 2947 item/kg in the water and sediments of the Mumbai, India, coast. This huge abundance might be generated by human activities near the coastal areas as well as due to migration and tourism. This could also be due to sewage discharge and untreated domestic wastewater that is being dumped into the environment. Consuming of microplastic particles can put humans at risk for cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity, an unwanted immune response, and acute responses such as haemolysis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurological conditions. Focusing on pollution status and potential mitigation path for microplastics from freshwater to oceans, we compared the distribution and important characteristics of microplastics in different locations. This study leads researchers to emphasis the reduction of MP pollution in densely populated areas like Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of El Niño-Southern oscillation on multi-scale morphodynamics of an embayed beach in southern China","authors":"Taihuan Hu ,&nbsp;Shibing Zhu ,&nbsp;Shenliang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhaoguang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased coastal erosion and extreme oceanographic forcing driven by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) along the Pacific coast are increasingly receiving concerns. Despite considerable attention, the specific impact of these phenomena on Chinese shorelines, particularly along the South China beaches, remains inadequately understood. To address this gap, this study conducted high-frequency surveys on the Qing'an Bay beach in South China and employ a profile fitting model to refined waterline extraction from monthly satellite images. The goal was to investigate the relationship between high-frequency shoreline changes and interannual climate variability (such as ENSO). The findings indicate that the coastal evolution is intricately linked to a combination of strong wave events, summer storms, winter cold waves, and the amplifying effects of ENSO. During La Niña phase, the sea level in the western Pacific experiences a rise, with associated storms proving particularly destructive to the beach environment, leading to violent oscillations in the coastline. Specifically, in the strong La Niña phases, significant wave heights markedly surpass neutral conditions, precipitating intensified sediment movement. However, it is imperative to recognize that shoreline changes alone do not fully characterize coastal erosion. Assessment must also encompass alterations in beach volume. By calculating beach volume per unit width that accounts for the influence of ENSO variability on the beach, the seasonal characteristics of the beach showed sediment losses in summer and autumn, and gains in winter and spring, which was more obvious during strong La Niña. Additionally, conceptual model analysis reveals that during the La Niña phase, the bay is fully exposed, whereas during the El Niño phase, significant headland sheltering is observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}