Paleoenvironmental and organic facies analysis of potential hydrocarbon source rocks in Surghar Range, Kohat Plateau

IF 4.1 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2025.104130

Arif Nazir , Fraz Khalid , Saeed Abbas , Muhammad Deen , Munawar Iqbal , Umer Younas , Muhammad Iftikhar Khan , Rab Nawaz

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Abstract

The source, lithology and depositional environment of the organic matter (OM) were determined by analyzing sediment samples from the Surghar Range, Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin, using diagnostic biomarkers. These samples from the M-3, C-2, and N-2 wells were classified as belonging to a mixed kind of OM that was dumped in aquatic sediments under oxygen-starved circumstances based on their aliphatic and aromatic structural components. The origin of OM is supported by the samples' positioning using graphical representation of Pr/nC₁₇ vs. Ph/nC₁₈, the steranes ternary diagram, and the Pristane/Phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio. The OM in Patala, Hangu, Samanasuk, and Shinawari formations exhibit a mature distribution of OEP (0.88–1.04 and 0.88–1.92), CPI, and the ratios of ββ/ββ + αα steranes. With certain biomarker ratios identifying the type of kerogen present, mostly type-II/III, the results indicate that the sediments have significant hydrocarbon potential. This study highlights the need for future research to evaluate the Kohat Basin's hydrocarbon potential more thoroughly while also providing insightful information about the region's geological past and petroleum system.

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科哈特高原苏歇尔山脉潜在烃源岩古环境与有机相分析

通过对上印度河流域科哈特高原苏尔格哈尔山脉沉积物样品的生物诊断标志物分析，确定了有机质的来源、岩性和沉积环境。M-3、C-2和N-2井的样品根据其脂肪族和芳香族结构成分，被归类为在缺氧环境下倾倒在水生沉积物中的混合OM。通过对样品的Pr/nC17与Ph/nC18的图形表示、甾烷三元图和Pristane/Phytane （Pr/Ph）比值进行定位，支持了OM的来源。Patala组、Hangu组、Samanasuk组和Shinawari组有机质OEP（0.88 ~ 1.04）、CPI（0.88 ~ 1.92）和ββ/ββ + αα甾烷比值分布成熟。生物标志物比值确定了干酪根类型，以ii /III型为主，表明沉积物具有较大的油气潜力。这项研究强调了未来的研究需要更彻底地评估Kohat盆地的油气潜力，同时也提供了有关该地区地质历史和石油系统的深刻信息。

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来源期刊

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

2.70%

发文量

176

审稿时长

31.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is an international interdisciplinary journal for the rapid publication of collections of refereed communications in separate thematic issues, either stemming from scientific meetings, or, especially compiled for the occasion. There is no restriction on the length of articles published in the journal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth incorporates the separate Parts A, B and C which existed until the end of 2001. Please note: the Editors are unable to consider submissions that are not invited or linked to a thematic issue. Please do not submit unsolicited papers. The journal covers the following subject areas: -Solid Earth and Geodesy: (geology, geochemistry, tectonophysics, seismology, volcanology, palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism, electromagnetism and potential fields, marine and environmental geosciences as well as geodesy). -Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere: (hydrology and water resources research, engineering and management, oceanography and oceanic chemistry, shelf, sea, lake and river sciences, meteorology and atmospheric sciences incl. chemistry as well as climatology and glaciology). -Solar-Terrestrial and Planetary Science: (solar, heliospheric and solar-planetary sciences, geology, geophysics and atmospheric sciences of planets, satellites and small bodies as well as cosmochemistry and exobiology).