Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Auditory and visual oddball stimulus processing deficits in clinical high risk for psychosis: Forecasting psychosis risk with N200 and P300","authors":"Yawen Hong ,&nbsp;Lihua Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Tang ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wensi Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhenying Qian ,&nbsp;Jinyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingying Tang ,&nbsp;Min Su ,&nbsp;Liying Huang ,&nbsp;Yong Ye ,&nbsp;Tianhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiong Jiao ,&nbsp;Jijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis exhibit reduced P300 responses, particularly in auditory tasks. While N200 abnormalities have been reported in CHR individuals, findings are inconsistent, and research on visual oddball tasks is limited. This study compares event-related potentials (ERPs) in auditory and visual oddball paradigms between CHR individuals and healthy controls (HC), aiming to explore these components as potential biomarkers for CHR and its clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Baseline auditory and visual oddball N200 and P300 were obtained from CHR participants (<em>N</em> = 96) and HC participants (<em>N</em> = 60). All CHR participants were followed up for five years and stratified into CHR converters and non-converters. The differences in N200 and P300 amplitude in auditory and visual oddball tasks were compared between the clinical outcome subgroups and HC participants. Prediction models were developed using Cox proportional hazards regression to identify baseline predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CHR converters showed significantly reduced N200 and P300 amplitudes in both oddball paradigms relative to CHR non-converters and HC participants. Furthermore, Prediction models including visual N200 amplitudes (β = −0.233, <em>p</em> = 0.012) and auditory P300 amplitudes (β = 0.219, <em>p</em> = 0.039) demonstrated effective discrimination between CHR converters and non-converters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that N200 and P300 amplitude deficits across auditory and visual modalities precede the onset of full psychosis. Moreover, the combined assessment of visual N200 and auditory P300 amplitudes may serve as a more sensitive prognostic biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 111426"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate associations between structural brain changes and cognitive impairment in partially or fully remitted persons with bipolar disorder","authors":"Johanna Mariegaard Schandorff ,&nbsp;Anne Bügel Fisker Madsen ,&nbsp;Viktoria Damgaard ,&nbsp;Bethany Little ,&nbsp;Anjali Sankar ,&nbsp;Julian Macoveanu ,&nbsp;Vibe G. Frokjaer ,&nbsp;Lars Vedel Kessing ,&nbsp;Martin Balslev Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Gitte Moos Knudsen ,&nbsp;Peter Gallagher ,&nbsp;Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive impairment across cognitive domains and brain structure alterations are well documented in persons with bipolar disorder (BD) but the association between them is still unclear. Previous studies have generally applied univariate models to investigate brain-cognition correlations, which limits the discovery of complex association patterns. The aim of this study was to apply canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify multivariate associations between brain structure and cognitive impairment in BD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cognitively impaired persons with BD (<em>n</em> = 169) in full or partial remission were included from four prior pro-cognitive intervention studies. We included healthy controls (HC, <em>n</em> = 40) for the calculation of covariate-adjusted brain and cognition <em>z</em>-scores. All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and an extensive cognitive test battery. We conducted principal component analysis on the brain data within the BD group to reduce the number of variables in the dataset. We then applied CCA to investigate multivariate associations between brain structure and cognition in the BD cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Poorer performance across working memory, psychomotor speed, executive functions, and verbal learning and memory correlated with lower grey matter volume in frontotemporal regions, the right hippocampus, and the left caudate nucleus, and with larger frontotemporal and right posterior cingulate gyral thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The association between cognition, reduced grey matter volume and larger thickness in frontotemporal and posterior cingulate regions suggests that cognitive impairment originates from dysregulated, rather than simply reduced, neuroplasticity processes. Aberrant volume and thickness measures in these regions are potential treatment targets to promote cognition in BD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 111425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal data on arterial stiffness, salivary cortisol concentration and alpha-amylase activity in patients with acute stress disorder","authors":"Sonja Udovicic ,&nbsp;Marina Sagud ,&nbsp;Ingrid Prkacin ,&nbsp;Nenad Jaksic ,&nbsp;Ivana Barsic Lapic ,&nbsp;Dunja Rogic ,&nbsp;Nela Pivac","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Arterial stiffness, salivary alpha-amylase activity and cortisol concentration have been associated with stress response in different experimental models. However, the values and dynamics of those potential biomarkers of stress have not been examined in patients with acute stress disorder (ASD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 88 patients (61 females; mean age 42.53) with ASD and 65 healthy subjects (43 females; mean age 41.66). Patients, evaluated according to the DSM-5 criteria, have filled out the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and their arterial stiffness (expressed as pulse wave velocity and augmentation index), salivary alpha-amylase activity and cortisol concentration were assessed at baseline and after 4-weeks of follow-up. Healthy control subjects had their arterial stiffness, salivary alpha-amylase activity and cortisol concentration measured only at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, participants with ASD had higher salivary cortisol concentration and alpha-amylase activity, higher BMI, were more often smokers and exhibited lower education levels than healthy controls. Both groups did not differ in arterial stiffness. After 4 weeks, ASD patients had similar symptom severity, arterial stiffness, saliva cortisol concentration and alpha-amylase activity compared to their baseline values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Single unpredictable and highly stressful event may not only induce ASD, but is also associated with the persistence of psychopathology and increased salivary biomarkers of stress. Patients with ASD may require increased medical attention to prevent both psychiatric and somatic consequences of stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 111424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR55 in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis modulates anxiety-like behavior, amphetamine self-administration and inflammatory response","authors":"Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta ,&nbsp;Andrea Herrera-Solís ,&nbsp;Lorena Alline Becerril-Meléndez ,&nbsp;Aline Ostos-Valverde ,&nbsp;M. Migliaro ,&nbsp;Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras ,&nbsp;Mónica Méndez-Díaz ,&nbsp;Miguel Pérez de la Mora ,&nbsp;Oscar E. Prospéro-García","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antireward system, which regulates fear and anxiety, includes several nuclei, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The GPR55 receptor seems to play a critical role in BNST physiology and anxiety regulation, although our knowledge on this topic is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GPR55 activation in the BNST on anxiety, amphetamine (AMPH)-seeking and consumption behaviors, and the AMPH-induced inflammatory response. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to an AMPH self-administration (AMPH-SA) protocol. Initially, rats were trained to press a lever under a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule to obtain a 45 mg food pellet. Following the acquisition of lever-pressing behavior, rats were anesthetized for bilateral implantation of stainless-steel cannula into the BNST and catheterization of the jugular vein for AMPH delivery. The AMPH-induced breakpoint (AMPH-BP) was also evaluated. After completing the AMPH-SA protocol, interleukin expression in BNST samples was assessed using Western blot analysis. In a separate group of AMPH-naïve rats, anxiety-like behaviors under GPR55 activation were examined using the elevated plus maze (EPM) following administration of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), a GPR55 agonist or CID 16020046 (CID), an GPR55 antagonist. In a third experimental group, GPR55-siRNA was injected into the BNST for three consecutive days, followed by an evaluation of anxiety-like behavior and AMPH-SA. LPI infusion into the BNST reduced anxiety-like behavior, AMPH-SA, AMPH-BP, and AMPH-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β and IL-6) while increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These effects were prevented by co-administration of CID. Conversely, GPR55-siRNA reduced GPR55 expression, which facilitated anxiety-like behavior and AMPH-SA. These findings suggest that GPR55 in the BNST modulates anxiety-like behaviors, reduces AMPH-induced inflammatory responses and decreases AMPH seeking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 111418"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying neuroimaging biomarkers of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from cortical hemodynamic responses during Go/NoGo task using machine learning approaches","authors":"Xi Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Liu ,&nbsp;Yuqin Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Cui ,&nbsp;Yanping Ji ,&nbsp;Fang Cheng ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Robust and reliable biomarkers for the objective diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are lacking. Here we aimed to detect the cortical hemodynamic properties of ADHD children during Go/NoGo task based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology to identify neurobiological features for objective diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety-seven children with ADHD and eighty-four children with healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. We calculated the difference between the peak oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration in Go/NoGo block and the baseline (Go block) of different regions of interest (ROI), the ROI hemodynamic responses in Go/NoGo block under general linear model, and functional connectivity (FC) between ROI. Then, we extracted important fNIRS features for distinguish ADHD and HC, and used four machine learning models combined with cross-validation to detect the effect of fNIRS on the classification and diagnosis of ADHD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children with ADHD exhibited abnormal activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left precentral gyrus, along with altered connectivity patterns in frontoparietal regions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Among the classifiers, the Random Forest model achieved the best performance, with an average AUC of 0. 91, accuracy of 0.892, sensitivity of 0.95, and specificity of 0.824. The NoGo error rates, FC between the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and left SFG contributed the most in the model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The abnormal frontoparietal hemodynamic response in children with ADHD may serve as objective, quantifiable biomarkers for assessing executive dysfunction and facilitating early screening of ADHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 111417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual and emotional processing deficits in severe alcohol use disorder: The role of spatial frequency","authors":"Coralie Creupelandt ,&nbsp;Pierre Maurage ,&nbsp;Alice Demesmaeker ,&nbsp;Jory Deleuze ,&nbsp;Carine Lambot ,&nbsp;Philippe de Timary ,&nbsp;Christophe Geus ,&nbsp;Fabien D'Hondt","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotional facial expression decoding deficits are consistently reported in severe Alcohol Use Disorder (sAUD), hampering social interactions and promoting relapse. Individuals with sAUD also exhibit visuo-perceptive deficits, persisting despite abstinence. However, these two key impairments of sAUD have never been considered simultaneously. We explored the role of perception in emotional facial expression processing by directly manipulating the spatial frequency content of emotional faces. Thirty-one patients and 30 matched healthy controls performed emotion detection, discrimination, and labeling tasks involving low-pass, high-pass, and unfiltered faces expressing anger, disgust, fear, and happiness. Results revealed that decoding impairments in sAUD were modulated by spatial frequencies and the perceptual demands of the tasks. They also indicated a predominant role for high spatial frequencies in emotional decoding deficits, suggesting that patients have specific difficulties to process fine emotional facial cues, particularly those conveying disgust and anger. This study highlights the need to reconsider the role of low-level processes, and particularly perception, in the socio-affective profile of patients, and supports a combined perceptual-emotional interpretation of the deficits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 111416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial gene expression profiles in PTG in the amygdala of a PTSD model following corticosterone therapy","authors":"Xin Li ,&nbsp;Geoffrey E. Woodard ,&nbsp;Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian-Zhang Hu ,&nbsp;Charles Li ,&nbsp;Even Xing ,&nbsp;Yan A. Su ,&nbsp;He Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metabolic and neuronal mechanisms underlying the development of posttraumatic growth (PTG) following corticosterone (CORT) therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not well defined. In this study, we assess differential gene expression (DEG) profiles associated with mitochondrial function in the amygdala of a PTSD rodent model using a mitochondrial focused gene array chip for both metabolic and neuronal functions. Amygdala tissue samples were excised from four groups of rats (<em>N</em> = 10 each) including: non-stressed control, stressed alone, CORT therapy alone, and CORT therapy with stress. CORT plus stress took place over a three-day period. All groups were sacrificed and assessed after a total of 14 days. Total RNA was isolated, cDNA was synthesized, and gene expression levels were determined using a cDNA microarray. During the development of the anxiety symptom, equivalent to the delayed and exaggerated fear associated with PTSD, 111 DEGs were determined to be statistically significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) in CORT therapy compared to non-stressed controls. 86 DEGs were determined to be statistically significantly in the CORT with stress administered group in the amygdala complex using stringent criteria (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed six signaling network pathways in the amygdala complex of the CORT+Stress group. As in the CORT+Stress group, the measurement of acoustic startle showed no significant difference in comparison to the control group. Thus, anxiety was mitigated, and resiliency was increased with CORT therapy. In addition, the Venn diagram analysis indicated that 55 DEGs in the stressed group had 13 DEGs independently non-effected by CORT therapy associated with neuronal signaling networks and 42 DEGs dependently effected by CORT therapy in the stressed group alone. Thus, information provided by a neuronal and metabolic gene array allowed us to determine the expression profile of mitochondrial genes in PTG associated with the amygdala complex of a rodent model of PTSD. This result provides further understanding of the metabolic and neuronal signaling mechanisms associated PTG in the development of PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 111394"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor dexterity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Familiality and association with polygenic risk scores","authors":"Manuel Sevilla-Ramos ,&nbsp;Valentina Ladera ,&nbsp;Ricardo García-García ,&nbsp;Nancy Murillo-García ,&nbsp;Rosa Ayesa-Arriola","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Motor dexterity (MD), a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, might exhibit familiality, showing greater similarity among biological relatives. Moreover, MD deficits in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients may be related to their increased genetic liability for schizophrenia (SCZ). We examined MD familiality and its association with genetic risk for SCZ. We controlled disorder severity by analysing FEP patients with SCZ and other psychosis (OP) separately.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional family study including 133 FEP patients and 244 of their first-degree relatives and 202 healthy controls. We used the grooved pegboard test to assess MD and estimated polygenic scores for SCZ (PGS-SCZ) in the participants. Statistical analysis included linear mixed models and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MD has low familiality (ICC = 0.10) in the whole sample of FEP patients and their relatives. In SCZ families, there was a trend toward MD familiality (<em>p</em> = 0.063). In OP families, MD was familial only in unaffected relatives (ICC = 0.33). FEP patients showed the highest PGS-SCZ, followed by parents, siblings, and healthy controls. No significant association was found between PGS-SCZ and MD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MD shows low familiality in FEP patients. Further research is needed to assess differences by severity of the disorder. Genetic risk for SCZ is not directly linked to MD but may influence it indirectly through neurodevelopment. PGS-SCZ was not associated with MD deficits in FEP patients, possibly reflecting the limited capacity of this tool to capture shared genetic liability between these traits. Environmental factors, in conjunction with genetic predisposition, may significantly contribute to MD development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 111406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of intestinal permeability in major psychiatric disorders: Distinct biological roles call for a more nuanced application","authors":"Magdalini Ioannou ,&nbsp;Jenny Borkent ,&nbsp;Emily G. Severance ,&nbsp;Robert H. Yolken ,&nbsp;Alessio Fasano ,&nbsp;Iris E.C. Sommer ,&nbsp;Bartholomeus C.M. Haarman","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) are frequently used as proxy biomarkers of intestinal permeability in studies involving patients with psychiatric disorders. Although often used interchangeably, these biomarkers reflect distinct biological processes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review integrates evidence from basic research on the mechanisms of action of zonulin, LBP, and sCD14 with findings from studies on major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, aiming to refine their application in gut–brain axis research.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Zonulin is consistently elevated in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and appears most closely linked to gut barrier integrity and systemic immune activation. LBP is consistently elevated in major depressive disorder and may reflect underlying alterations in gut permeability, metabolic status, and psychological stress. sCD14 has been primarily studied in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, where findings are more heterogeneous, and is thought to reflect generalized monocyte activation. These biomarkers were largely unrelated to clinical symptom severity, with the exception of sCD14, which showed associations with positive symptoms, aggression, and the number of manic episodes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Zonulin, LBP, and sCD14 each capture unique aspects of gut and immune system function. Their interchangeable use risks misinterpretation. A more nuanced, context-dependent application—tailored to specific research questions or intervention targets—is essential for advancing gut–brain axis research in psychiatry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 111405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding borderline personality disorder: Clinical features, neurobiological insights, and therapeutic strategies","authors":"Surendar Ellappan,&nbsp;Rhea Subba,&nbsp;Amal Chandra Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex personality disorder characterised by immense emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, aggression and substantial interpersonal difficulties. This review begins with examining DSM-5-TR diagnostic clusters for BPD, highlighting the importance of accurate classification. It provides an in-depth analysis of BPD, starting with its epidemiology, diagnostic subtypes, core symptoms, and the challenges these symptoms pose for patients and their support networks. The review explores common co-occurring conditions, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and other personality disorders, which frequently compound the effects of BPD and complicate its management. A detailed examination of BPD's neurobiological underpinnings is presented, focusing on structural and functional alterations in brain, aberrant connectivity, and neurotransmitter dysregulation, particularly within serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate pathways, being vital to understanding the effects of this disorder on impulsivity and emotional instability. Therapeutic strategies for BPD are also reviewed, encompassing psychotherapeutic methods like Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and other validated therapies, alongside pharmacological treatments that target mood stabilisation, impulsivity, and affective control through antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilisers. Neuromodulation techniques, such as neurofeedback and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), are discussed for their potential to enhance cognitive and emotional control in BPD. The review closes with future directions, emphasizing the value of integrated, personalised treatment approaches to optimise outcomes for individuals with BPD and reduce the broader social and emotional impact of the disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 111403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}