Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Impaired unfolded protein response, BDNF and synuclein markers in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus of patients with depression and Parkinson's disease","authors":"Unai Sarriés-Serrano ,&nbsp;Lluis Miquel-Rio ,&nbsp;Noemí Santana ,&nbsp;Verónica Paz ,&nbsp;María Sancho-Alonso ,&nbsp;Luis F. Callado ,&nbsp;J. Javier Meana ,&nbsp;Analia Bortolozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by significant impairment in social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Its precise pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Alterations in protein homeostasis and some misfolded proteins have been identified within the brains of patients diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast to neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease (PD), where the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein is a primary cause of significant neuronal loss, altered proteostasis in MDD may result in loss-of-function effects by modifying synaptic neuroplasticity. Moreover, aberrant activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathways may intensify the pathological alterations due to altered proteostasis. In this study, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and caudate nucleus from MDD patients and non-psychiatric controls were used. Postmortem samples of same brain areas from PD patients (Braak 2–3 and 5–6) and controls were also included. Protein levels of ER and unfolded protein response (UPR), synucleins (α-, β- and γ-Syn), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by Western-Blot. Phospho-eIF2α/eIF2α ratio was increased in the dlPFC and caudate nucleus of MDD and PD patients compared to their respective controls. Brain area-dependent changes in BiP and GRP94 levels were also found. We further detected accumulation of immature BDNF precursors and opposite changes in α- and β-Syn levels in the dlPFC of MDD and PD patients compared to controls. Our findings suggest that alterations in proteostasis contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD, as previously described in PD. A deeper understanding of the pathways involved will identify other candidate proteins and new targets with therapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 111299"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring factors associated with the intensity of a mystical experience following naturalistic psychedelic use: A retrospective survey","authors":"B. Romeo ,&nbsp;E. Kervadec ,&nbsp;B. Fauvel ,&nbsp;L. Strika-Bruneau ,&nbsp;A. Amirouche ,&nbsp;V. Verroust ,&nbsp;P. Piolino ,&nbsp;A. Benyamina","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The intensity of the psychedelic experience has been hypothesized as the main predictor of response to a psychedelic treatment. This study aimed to investigate factors that may be associated with the intensity of mystical experiences during naturalistic psychedelic use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The data of this comprehensive sample were aggregated from four previous retrospective surveys, where mystical experience intensity was assessed using the mystical experience questionnaire (MEQ-30). Additional collected data included psychological flexibility levels, intentions regarding psychedelic use, substance used, subjective dosage levels, and socio-demographic information. ANOVA and linear regression were performed to identify predictors of MEQ-30 scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1657 participants were included in this study. The significant predictors of the total MEQ score were: the main motive for the psychedelic experience (with a greater impact of spiritual/religious, therapeutic, and self-exploration, compared to recreational), the type of substance used (with a greater impact for Ayahuasca and lysergic acid diethylamide than for psilocybin), the subjective dosage (greater impact of very high, high, and moderate doses, compared to a very low dose), the number of psychedelic sessions, the time elapsed since the experience, and concomitant alcohol use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This large sample study highlights significant associations between the intensity of mystical experiences during naturalistic psychedelic use and several key factors: the type of the psychedelic substance used, dosage, and set, particularly participants' intentions. Moreover, results show that concomitant alcohol use is associated with less intense psychedelic experiences, emphasizing the relevance of screening participants for substance use in research settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 111300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cognitive domains in major depressive disorders using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies","authors":"Danilo Arnone ,&nbsp;Reshma Ramaraj ,&nbsp;Linda Östlundh ,&nbsp;Teresa Arora ,&nbsp;Syed Javaid ,&nbsp;Romona Devi Govender ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Stip ,&nbsp;Allan H. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive difficulties are known to persist after remission of symptoms and to affect psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Cognitive function, measured with the Cambridge Neuro-psychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), is a reliable approach to measure cognitive function in major depression. This systematic review and meta-analysis appraise cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that used specific CANTAB tests to measure cognitive function in major depression and the effect of treatment (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022355903). 1212 studies were identified and 41 were included, 1793 patients and 1445 healthy controls. Deficits in executive functions were detected with the Stocking Of Cambridge (SOC) ‘number of problems solved with minimal number of moves’ and ‘subsequent thinking time’, Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift ‘number of trials to complete the test’, Spatial Working Memory ‘strategy score’ and ‘between errors score’, Spatial Span. Memory deficits were detected with Paired Associates Learning ‘number of total errors’, Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) ‘% of correct answers’ and ‘response latency’, Spatial Recognition Memory ‘% of correct answers’, Delayed Matching To Sample (DMS) ‘% of total responses’. Impaired attention was detected by Rapid Visual Information Processing ‘response latency’ and probability to detect target’. Mental and motor responses increased when Reaction Time was measured. SOC ‘number of problems solved with minimal number of moves', PRM ‘response latency’ and DMS ‘% of total responses' improved after a course of treatment. A range of variables including year of publication, age, IQ, severity and duration of illness influenced cognitive changes. The presence of significant cognitive deficits requires novel targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 111301"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated and unsaturated high-fat diets induce addictive-like behavior in an animal model of operant self-administration","authors":"María Roca ,&nbsp;Javier Íbias ,&nbsp;Yunes Mohamedi-Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mariano Ruiz-Gayo ,&nbsp;Emilio Ambrosio ,&nbsp;Ana Belén Sanz-Martos ,&nbsp;Nuria Del Olmo","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, obesity has become a significant public health concern worldwide. The rapid increase in prevalence is often attributed to the overconsumption of highly palatable, calorically dense foods that are rich in sugars and fats. These dietary habits have been shown to modulate specific brain circuits, notably the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system. Despite extensive research into their effects, the potential reinforcing properties of these diets are still unknown. We conducted a study using two high-fat diets devoid of added sugar (SOLF, which is high in saturated fats and UOLF, high in unsaturated fats). We utilized an operant self-administration model with Skinner boxes, following a three-criteria protocol: 1) reward-seeking behavior, 2) motivation to obtain the reward, and 3) compulsivity. Juvenile C57BL/6J mice, both male and female, were subjected to an incremental reinforcement schedule followed by a progressive ratio session aimed at finding the breaking point, and finally, two cue-induced reinstatement sessions following the extinction of the food seeking behavior. Our results show that both diets induce potent seeking behavior for the high-fat food, characterized by high levels of compulsivity and great motivation to obtain the reward. These findings suggest that sugar-free high-fat diets function as potent reinforcers, capable of inducing addictive-like behaviors. Notably, differences between SOLF and UOLF are primarily observed in the breaking point and following the extinction of the seeking behavior, with higher values observed for UOLF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 111295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tract-based structural and functional connectivity abnormalities in bipolar I disorder","authors":"Liqian Cui ,&nbsp;Huixing Zeng ,&nbsp;Yixin Chen ,&nbsp;Yizhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinbiao Li ,&nbsp;Liping Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bipolar disorder (BP) is a complex mental illness with poorly understood neural underpinnings. This study aimed to investigate abnormalities in the structural and functional connectivity (FC) of white matter (WM) tracts in BP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI data were obtained for 56 patients with BP subtype I (BP-I) and 40 healthy controls (HCs). A total of 72 WM tracts and their corresponding start and end regions were automatically segmented based on diffusion image. The mean diffusivity (MD) and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of each tract were calculated as proxies of tract-based structural connectivity. FC between the start and end regions of each tract was calculated as a proxy of tract-based FC. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the mean MD, FA, and FC values between groups, with multiple comparison correction based Hommel approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the HCs, BP-I patients showed significantly lower FA in the corpus callosum, right and left cingulum, and right superior longitudinal fasciculus III as well as higher MD in the corpus callosum and commissure anterior. Among the tracts with abnormal structural connectivity, only the right SLF-III demonstrated significantly lower FC in the BP-I group than in the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BP-I is associated with altered structural connectivity and FC in specific WM tracts, which provides insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder. More research is required to understand the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 111297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum lipid and plasma fatty acid profiles in PTSD patients and healthy individuals: Associations with symptoms, cognitive function, and inflammatory markers","authors":"Shintaro Ogawa ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Hori ,&nbsp;Madoka Niwa ,&nbsp;Mariko Itoh ,&nbsp;Mingming Lin ,&nbsp;Fuyuko Yoshida ,&nbsp;Keiko Ino ,&nbsp;Hitomi Kawanishi ,&nbsp;Megumi Narita ,&nbsp;Wakako Nakano ,&nbsp;Risa Imai ,&nbsp;Mie Matsui ,&nbsp;Toshiko Kamo ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Kunugi ,&nbsp;Kotaro Hattori ,&nbsp;Yoshiharu Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious mental health condition, is associated with physical health problems. Lipid-related molecules are crucial for central nervous system functions associated with PTSD symptoms; however, case-control studies exploring the relationship between PTSD and lipid-related molecules are scarce. We examined 68 civilian PTSD patients and 97 healthy controls, evaluating PTSD symptoms, childhood maltreatment history, suicidality, and cognitive functions. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and inflammation-related marker levels were analyzed in serum, while fatty acid levels were measured in plasma. Compared to controls, patients exhibited significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and n-6 linoleic acid levels, alongside higher saturated palmitic acid levels and the triene-to-tetraene (T/T) ratio. PTSD symptoms, particularly hyperarousal, were significantly positively correlated with n-6 γ-linolenic, n-6 dihomo-γ-linolenic, and n-9 mead acid levels, and the T/T ratio. Cognitive functions were significantly positively correlated with n-3 docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 fatty acid levels, and negatively correlated with saturated lauric, palmitic, and total saturated fatty acid levels. Suicidality was significantly positively correlated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, mead acid levels, and the T/T ratio, and negatively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels. Inflammation-related marker levels were significantly correlated with higher palmitic, n-9 oleic, and total n-9 fatty acid levels, and lower linoleic acid and PUFA levels. Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed distinct subgroups associated with unique fatty acid profiles. These lipid-related alterations may improve the understanding of PTSD pathophysiology. Distinct fatty acid profiles identified by LPA may help subtype PTSD patients and guide nutrition-based personalized treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 111298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative gray matter volume and molecular analyses of altered intrinsic neural timescale in internet gaming disorder","authors":"Longyao Ma ,&nbsp;Bohui Mei ,&nbsp;Mengzhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiuying Tao ,&nbsp;Jieping Sun ,&nbsp;Jinghan Dang ,&nbsp;Yan Lang ,&nbsp;Weijian Wang ,&nbsp;Yarui Wei ,&nbsp;Shaoqiang Han ,&nbsp;Jingliang Cheng ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Internet gaming disorder (IGD) frequently features abnormalities in emotional and cognitive processing, for which the specific neurobiological mechanisms are not known. The intrinsic neural timescale (INT) gradient reflects how long neural information is stored in a specialized brain region and represents its function. Therefore, we investigated whether IGD exhibited altered INT and accompanying gray matter volume (GMV) and underlying molecular architectural abnormalities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance data from 57 patients with IGD (IGDs) and 50 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were collected, and INT was calculated by assessing the autocorrelation of intrinsic neural signals. Voxel-based morphometric analysis was conducted to calculate whole-brain GMV. Then, comparing INT between groups and correlation analysis with clinical characteristics was performed. Furthermore, correlations between INT and PET- and SPECT-driven maps were used to examine specific neurotransmitter system alternations.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Compared to HCs, IGDs exhibited shorter timescales in the bilateral insula, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left amygdala, and left superior temporal pole. The decreased INT in the right insula was positively correlated with the severity of internet addiction. Interestingly, the shorter timescales are spatially associated with the serotonergic system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests atypical emotional and cognitive processing deficits in localized brain regions of IGDs. And these findings establish a link between abnormal local neurodynamics and structures and neurotransmitters, which facilitates synthesized comprehension of IGDs and provides new perspectives for treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 111296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White matter integrity and verbal memory following a first episode of psychosis: A longitudinal study","authors":"Joseph Ghanem ,&nbsp;Jana F. Totzek ,&nbsp;Charlie Henri-Bellemare ,&nbsp;Delphine Raucher-Chéné ,&nbsp;Gregory Kiar ,&nbsp;Raihaan Patel ,&nbsp;M. Mallar Chakravarty ,&nbsp;Jai L. Shah ,&nbsp;Ridha Joober ,&nbsp;Ashok Malla ,&nbsp;Martin Lepage ,&nbsp;Katie M. Lavigne","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychotic disorders are heterogeneous disorders for which there is evidence of structural and functional brain abnormalities. The role of white matter integrity, often measured via Fractional Anisotropy (FA), has played a controversial role in individuals with a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Similarly, some FEP studies have observed that higher FA is associated with better verbal memory, but others failed to find such an association. Studying the early stages of psychosis represents a promising avenue to overcome previous confounding factors and characterize the disease in its early clinical stages.</div><div>Eighty individuals with a FEP were recruited from a specialized early intervention program for psychosis alongside 55 non-clinical controls from the community matched for age and sex. Both groups were followed and scanned 4 times: at baseline (within 3 months after program entry), 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were used on 3.0 Tesla diffusion-weighted images to extract fractional anisotropy values for white matter regions of interest in accordance with the John Hopkins University white-matter tractography atlas. The analysis revealed no significant main effect of group or time, and no significant associations between FA and verbal memory. Overall, differences in FA are small early in the course of illness and longer follow-up periods may be required to identify possible changes during a critical intervention window.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 111294"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A naturalistic retrospective evaluation of the utility of pharmacogenetic testing based on CYP2D6 e CYP2C19 profiling in antidepressants treatment in a cohort of patients with major depressive disorder","authors":"Alessio Squassina ,&nbsp;Pasquale Paribello ,&nbsp;Marco Pinna ,&nbsp;Martina Contu ,&nbsp;Claudia Pisanu ,&nbsp;Donatella Congiu ,&nbsp;Giovanni Severino ,&nbsp;Anna Meloni ,&nbsp;Andrea Carta ,&nbsp;Claudio Conversano ,&nbsp;Francesco Mola ,&nbsp;Maria Del Zompo ,&nbsp;Federico Bernoni d'Aversa ,&nbsp;Alessandra Minelli ,&nbsp;Massimo Gennarelli ,&nbsp;Federica Pinna ,&nbsp;Bernardo Carpiniello ,&nbsp;Mirko Manchia","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Response to antidepressants (ADs) is highly variable and partly genetically driven, but the utility of pharmacogenetic testing in guiding ADs treatment is still controversial. We conducted a retrospective, naturalistic study to explore the utility of CYP2C6 and CYP2C19 genotyping in ADs treatment in a sample of 156 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder from south Sardinia (Italy). Clinical data, including history of medication regimens, adverse reactions, and response to ADs were collected over the last five years preceding recruitment. Patients received pharmacogenetic testing at recruitment and were classified depending on whether their history of treatment regimen followed the recommendations of the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC)).</div><div>Non-responders to ADs had a larger number of therapeutic regimens and of medication changes due to lack of response compared to responders. Patients with at least one incongruent regimen had a larger number of total therapeutic changes and fewer congruent regimens. Metabolizing phenotypes of CYP2D6 were not associated with response to ADs or changes in regimen of any kind. However, the group of ultra-rapid metabolizers for CYP2C19 showed significantly smaller improvement in symptoms while the poor-metabolizers showed a larger number of medication changes for side effects compared to normal, intermediate and rapid metabolizers. Our findings suggest that the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing based on CYP2C19 could be clinically useful in guiding AD treatment, but further studies are warranted to investigate the clinical implications of implementing PGx testing in depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 111292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addicted brains on brief abstinence: Similarities and differences in functional connectivity patterns between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder","authors":"Xuefeng Xu,&nbsp;Bo Yang,&nbsp;Yanbin Zheng,&nbsp;Haosen Ni,&nbsp;Guang-Heng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many studies have attempted to understand the neural basis of internet gaming disorder (IGD) to explore if IGD could be diagnosed as an addictive behavior. However, those findings were often inconsistent due to the participants having varying craving levels. Individual brain activities in the abstinence state are different from that in the neutral state. Therefore, exploring the responses of the brain during abstinence in IGD and comparing them with substance addiction is crucial in understanding this complex, craving-prone disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three groups of male participants were recruited: IGD (61), tobacco use disorder (TUD) (61), and health controls (80). Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were collected after brief abstinence (not gaming/smoking for about 1.5 h). First, we identified abnormal brain regions with altered amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations <strong>(</strong>ALFF) in IGD and TUD. Then, using these regions as the regions of interest, we conducted a functional connectivity (FC) analysis to explore the similarities and differences between IGD and TUD. Finally, we used a neural network analysis to build a classification model based on ALFF results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The abnormal brain regions with altered ALFF were observed in both IGD and TUD, including the superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, caudate, and thalamus. FC analysis showed similarities in the orbitofrontal regions, specifically between caudate-nucleus accumbens and thalamus-precentral gyrus, and differences in the executive control and reward regions. Neural network analysis demonstrated that abnormal ALFF brain regions can effectively classify addicted individuals from health controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that brain regions in IGD and TUD had similar ALFF changes during brief abstinence. However, FC analyses revealed contrasting results. FC in IGD increased, while it decreased in TUD. These differences may be due to IGD's internal craving, unlike nicotine for TUD. These findings deepen our understanding of the neural mechanisms of IGD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 111286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}