Eve B. Allen, Adam T. Cross, Alan M. Berger, James Aronson
{"title":"Restoration seed and plant material supply chains are complex social networks","authors":"Eve B. Allen, Adam T. Cross, Alan M. Berger, James Aronson","doi":"10.1111/rec.14279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14279","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have advanced the conceptual framing of a “supply chain” to describe and examine key steps, inputs, and flows related to the production and use of seed and plant material in ecological restoration. However, these studies have paid less attention to investigating interrelationships among social actors throughout the “supply chain” stages for ecological restoration and allied activities. We applied social network analysis metrics to evaluate the number, kind, and strength of relationships among 157 social actors in the nine‐state region of the Northeastern United States, where rapid growth in restoration activities is driving a demand surge for native seed and plant materials. Restoration supply chains are more complex than previous conceptualization suggests, and we argue that the term “restoration supply networks” is more illustrative of this complexity. Results highlighted interdependency among different sectors, marked variation in input and output flows across spatial–temporal scales, and interplay among linear and nonlinear supply chain steps. The restoration supply network in the study area had a core–periphery structure, with a core comprising end‐users such as government agencies, design and build contractors, and non‐profit organizations surrounded by a periphery of seed and plant material suppliers. It is important to avoid oversimplifying seed and plant material supply chains as linear systems with strong linkages. Understanding relationship patterns among supply network actors can enhance communication, coordination, and collaboration among actors in all key restoration supply chain steps, a prerequisite to overcoming seed and plant material bottlenecks and meeting global restoration goals in the coming decades.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kerry E. Grimm, Jessica L. Archibald, E. Petter Axelsson, Kevin C. Grady
{"title":"Moving social‐ecological restoration forward: how mangrove project managers' perceptions of social monitoring and community engagement serve as a model for broader restoration efforts","authors":"Kerry E. Grimm, Jessica L. Archibald, E. Petter Axelsson, Kevin C. Grady","doi":"10.1111/rec.14273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14273","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration is effective for improving ecosystem health and protecting biodiversity. However, restoration initiatives often neglect socioeconomic dimensions that affect local communities. When these factors are included, they are often under the purview of managers whose perspectives of public engagement remain understudied. Here, we focused on mangroves and surveyed restoration project managers in Latin America and the Caribbean to explore if and how they have engaged in socioeconomic best practices such as including the community, local knowledge, and social monitoring. We also sought to understand how these activities related to perceptions of project outcomes. Most managers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 182) reported that they engaged in some best practices, such as community engagement in various project stages and incorporating local information. Differences existed as to which types of information were included, which project stages included the community, and how frequently the community was involved. Overall, managers, especially those who engaged the community more frequently and throughout the entire restoration process, believed projects were successful and provided numerous community benefits. However, despite the reported number of benefits, less than half of the respondents conducted social monitoring to assess the actualization of these benefits or other social indicators. We provide suggestions for how mangrove restoration projects, and restoration efforts more broadly, can increase the inclusion of communities, their knowledge, and social monitoring to better assess the achievement of project outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An opinion on adaptive governance and management in water resources restoration projects","authors":"Aline R. Lima, Ernesto M. Giglio","doi":"10.1111/rec.14281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14281","url":null,"abstract":"This opinion article presents arguments to sustain the inclusion of local actors in the governance and management of water resource restoration projects. There is a lack of knowledge regarding this issue, and we propose that governance and management must be adaptive because of the complexity and constant modification of the local systems. Our proposal has theoretical, methodological, and management impacts on the network governance of local projects. We present a matrix of variables to facilitate research and management plans.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does ecological restoration meet the public's demand for proximity to the ocean? A nonmarket value evaluation based on choice experiment in China","authors":"Jingzhu Shan, Yanan Hao, Jingmei Li","doi":"10.1111/rec.14280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14280","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological restoration effectively improves the quality of the marine ecological environment and subsequently enhances the public's sense of enjoyment and well‐being. The main objective of this paper is to assess the public's preferences regarding ecological restoration attributes and quantify the extent to which ecological restoration meets the public's needs for coastal enjoyment in Jiaozhou Bay, China. The choice experiment (CE) method was used to obtain the public preferences. To correct for the potential bias caused by non‐compensatory choice behavior in CE, the study utilizes an independent availability logit (IAL) model. The results indicate that the attributes of bay ecological restoration, including nearshore water quality, coastal landscape, coastal space, and marine biodiversity, significantly and positively influence residents' utility levels. The public's willingness to pay (WTP) for improving water quality, restoring marine biological resources, increasing coastal space, and enhancing coastal landscapes in bay ecological restoration is 92.02 Chinese Yuan (CNY), 51.80 CNY, 36.60 CNY, and 31.89 CNY per household, respectively. Based on these findings, the total WTP for ecological restoration in Jiaozhou Bay is 1.54 billion CNY annually. Through comparative analysis of the estimation results between the IAL model and traditional choice models, it is found that the IAL model helps correct non‐compensatory choice bias in CE. The conclusions of this study can provide data support for the formulation of policies on bay ecological restoration and governance as well as a reference for improving the accuracy and validity of CE valuation.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayra F. Tavares, Patrícia Gallo, Nathália Nascimento, Jürgen Bauhus, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Mélanie Feurer
{"title":"Smallholders' perspectives, motivations, and incentives for restoring the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","authors":"Mayra F. Tavares, Patrícia Gallo, Nathália Nascimento, Jürgen Bauhus, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Mélanie Feurer","doi":"10.1111/rec.14270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14270","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem restoration, recognized as a critical strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation, faces significant challenges in achieving widespread implementation. A particular facet of this challenge lies in the active involvement of rural landowners. Our study aimed to understand rural landowners' perspectives, motivations, and characteristics that influence their participation in restoration projects in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 68 semi‐structured interviews with two groups of landowners: 36 who received support and 32 who did not receive project support from a local non‐governmental organization to restore native forests on their landholdings. Approximately three‐quarters of the sample are classified as smallholders (<80 ha). The main difference between the two groups is the dependence on agricultural production as the main source of income, with 22% of <jats:italic>farmers</jats:italic> in the supported group and 72% in the unsupported group. This socio‐economic characteristic appeared to influence the decision to restore native forest. <jats:italic>Farmers'</jats:italic> focus tends to be linked to rural production, and the main obstacle to restoration was the loss of productive land. They usually allow natural forest regeneration to establish on slopes. The other type of landowner (lifestylers) mainly restored land through planting of seedlings, with the main barrier being the cost of restoration. Both groups had water conservation as their main motivation for restoration. Our study shows that understanding the perspectives and motivations of the diversity of rural landowners is crucial to effectively engage them and address the socio‐economic feasibility of different restoration approaches.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen D. Holl, J. Leighton Reid, Rakan A. Zahawi, Ludmila P. de Siqueira, Pedro H. S. Brancalion
{"title":"A call for practical spatially patterned forest restoration methods","authors":"Karen D. Holl, J. Leighton Reid, Rakan A. Zahawi, Ludmila P. de Siqueira, Pedro H. S. Brancalion","doi":"10.1111/rec.14266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14266","url":null,"abstract":"Applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods are promising approaches for scaling up projects to meet ambitious international restoration commitments in an ecologically and economically sound manner. Much of the corresponding literature to date, however, has centered around theoretical discussions and small‐scale studies that are largely divorced from constraints faced by restoration practitioners. We briefly review recent academic literature about applied nucleation and other spatially patterned restoration methods and discuss practical challenges to their implementation. We offer several recommendations to move spatially patterned restoration from an academic conversation to scalable application, including: (1) comparing different planting designs and natural regeneration within the same system at an appropriate scale; (2) monitoring ecological outcomes throughout the restored area over sufficient time to evaluate recovery; (3) quantifying costs and documenting other logistical constraints to implementation; and (4) exploring methods for using unplanted areas to provide benefits to landholders until planted vegetation establishes.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa M. Baustian, Hoonshin Jung, Bingqing Liu, Leland C. Moss, Madeline Foster‐Martinez, Christopher R. Esposito, Ioannis Y. Georgiou, Martijn C. Bregman, Diana R. Di Leonardo, Brett McMann, Scott A. Hemmerling, Michael D. Miner
{"title":"Current and future potential net greenhouse gas sinks of existing, converted, and restored marsh and mangrove forest habitats","authors":"Melissa M. Baustian, Hoonshin Jung, Bingqing Liu, Leland C. Moss, Madeline Foster‐Martinez, Christopher R. Esposito, Ioannis Y. Georgiou, Martijn C. Bregman, Diana R. Di Leonardo, Brett McMann, Scott A. Hemmerling, Michael D. Miner","doi":"10.1111/rec.14259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14259","url":null,"abstract":"Marsh and mangrove forest habitats are productive at capturing and storing carbon, thus actions to protect and create coastal blue carbon sinks could help mitigate global warming. Dredged material is often used to create coastal habitats and evaluating the carbon impact of placement alternatives (PA) could help inform restoration and climate policies. Output from a Delft3D‐FM morphodynamics and hydrodynamics model informed a Coastal Wetlands Carbon Model at years 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2050. Three model simulations were used and included (1) no restoration (PA1), (2) restoration dominated with mangroves (PA2), and (3) restoration dominated with marshes (PA3) at a different location. Habitats of brackish marsh, saline marsh, mangrove forest, and saline open water that surround Port Fourchon, Louisiana, U.S.A., were evaluated to estimate the net greenhouse gas (GHG) flux of the study area with and without restoration. In years 2020 and 2025, the study area was estimated to be a net GHG sink (−1.1 ± 0.2 MMT CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>e) with or without mangrove and marsh‐dominated restoration. At years 2030 and 2050, even with habitat loss due to sea‐level rise, the study area for all simulations was projected to remain a net GHG sink. At year 2050, +0.1 ± 0.04 MMT CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>e could be avoided with restoration. At the restoration project scale, mangrove‐dominated restoration (PA2) had net GHG sinks (−0.07 to −0.09 MMT CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>e) near the marsh‐dominated restoration (PA3, −0.09 to −0.13 MMT CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>e). Thus, these modeled results could help inform future restoration planning and climate policies.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harold Rusbelth Quispe‐Melgar, L. David Huayta‐Hinojosa, Yashira Stefani Llacua‐Tineo, Fressia N. Ames‐Martínez, Katherine L. Lagones Poma, Ginette Ticse‐Otarola, Mario Tomazello‐Filho, Daniel Renison
{"title":"Evaluating the performance of Polylepis incana seeds: reassessing their potential for restoration and conservation of high Andean forests","authors":"Harold Rusbelth Quispe‐Melgar, L. David Huayta‐Hinojosa, Yashira Stefani Llacua‐Tineo, Fressia N. Ames‐Martínez, Katherine L. Lagones Poma, Ginette Ticse‐Otarola, Mario Tomazello‐Filho, Daniel Renison","doi":"10.1111/rec.14276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14276","url":null,"abstract":"The use of high‐quality seeds is essential for reforestation and ecosystem restoration; however, few Andean species have been assessed to determine factors influencing seed quality. Most Andean native tree species used for restoration are propagated from naturally regenerated seedlings or cuttings. We evaluated the seed quality (germination, viability, vigor, and physical characteristics) of a central Peruvian population of the keystone high Andean tree species <jats:italic>Polylepis incana</jats:italic> (quinual) in relation to the mother tree and microsite characteristics. Our analysis, using 12,912 seeds categorized by weight, included germination tests in incubator, tetrazolium tests, and vigor test (germination in nursery conditions). Results showed a mean germination rate of 30.9 ± 22.4%, with a significant proportion of damaged (38.7%), empty (19.1%), and non‐viable (12.7%) seeds. Heavier seeds exhibited the highest germination, while dasometric variables of the mother tree were not related to seed performance. However, solar incidence and slope negatively impacted germination. We conclude that seed quality may be higher than previously estimated, supporting the need to re‐evaluate and promote the use of seeds for propagating <jats:italic>P. incana</jats:italic>. Furthermore, since the characteristics of mother trees seem not to be relevant for this species and only solar incidence and terrain slope seem to negatively affect seed quality, we consider it important to change the paradigm from identifying individual seed trees to identifying seed forests. Conservation of natural forests as primary seed sources should be the foundation of future reforestation and restoration efforts in the high Andes.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizqi A. Maulidiyah, Marion L. Cambridge, Rachel Austin, Gary A. Kendrick
{"title":"Early seedling development and survival of seagrasses Posidonia australis and P. sinuosa using different seed‐based restoration methods","authors":"Rizqi A. Maulidiyah, Marion L. Cambridge, Rachel Austin, Gary A. Kendrick","doi":"10.1111/rec.14269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14269","url":null,"abstract":"Seagrass seed‐based restoration has been developed in several places worldwide, but disturbance at the vulnerable initial stages of seedling recruitment has proved to be a major bottleneck to successful restoration. A detailed investigation of seagrass seedling survival and growth at the earliest stages of seedling development is an important contribution to developing techniques to improve seedling establishment and survival. Here, we investigated the early seedling development of <jats:italic>Posidonia australis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. sinuosa</jats:italic> as well as quantifying the variation in seedling survival and development under different seed‐based restoration methods. Early seedling development was documented in indoor aquaria during the first month after fruit dehiscence. In the second ex situ experiment, we determined the effects of three different restoration methods (surface sowing, seedling planting, and planting inside a hessian bag) on seedling survival and development over the first 2 months of life. In the first experiment, a primary root with the first root hairs developed after 7 days. After 1 month, roots were 20–60 mm in length, firmly establishing the seedling into the sediment. Compared to surface sowing, seedling planting and hessian bag restoration treatments did not significantly affect survival for <jats:italic>P. australis</jats:italic> but increased seedling mortality in <jats:italic>P. sinuosa</jats:italic>, although growth was greater (shoot and root lengths were approximately 50 and 40% longer, respectively). These aquarium‐scale experiments suggest that planting methods would enhance seedling establishment at larger scales in some species, promoting restoration of damaged seagrass habitats.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Audrey Bowe, Zachary Simek, Andrea Dávalos, Bernd Blossey
{"title":"Legacy effects of Phragmites australis and herbicide treatments can reduce survival but do not prevent native plant establishment","authors":"Audrey Bowe, Zachary Simek, Andrea Dávalos, Bernd Blossey","doi":"10.1111/rec.14267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14267","url":null,"abstract":"Introduced <jats:italic>Phragmites australis</jats:italic> represents a widespread threat to North American wetlands. Management agencies invest millions of dollars annually to manage the species, mostly by applying herbicides, to mitigate and prevent negative impacts. The often temporary reduction of <jats:italic>P. australis</jats:italic> rarely increases native diversity, and long‐term legacy effects of <jats:italic>P. australis</jats:italic> and repeat herbicide treatments are unknown. We used a coordinated management program targeting mostly small <jats:italic>P. australis</jats:italic> populations in the Adirondack Park in New York State, United States, to assess the potential for such legacy effects. We planted individuals of three native species as sentinels into treated and untreated, uninvaded reference wetlands after unassisted succession had occurred in treatment areas. Sentinel plants survived and grew in treated areas, suggesting legacy of <jats:italic>P. australis</jats:italic> and its management did not permanently limit establishment of native plants. However, responses were variable among sentinel species, with negative or neutral impacts on survival rates and neutral or positive effects on growth. Species‐specific responses and large variation in survival rates between sites and sentinels indicate that site factors are a dominant influence on survival and growth. Importantly, as treatment frequency increased, survival of one sentinel species decreased significantly, indicating a potential for long‐term negative impacts of repeated herbicide applications. Additional replanting after <jats:italic>P. australis</jats:italic> treatment and initial unassisted plant succession may enable more diverse plant communities to return, including species not able to recruit from local seed banks or seed sources. However, it remains unclear if active transplanting will enable more long‐term suppression of <jats:italic>P. australis</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}