Isobel Roberts, Richard N. C. Milner, Brett Howland, James Lumbers, Maree Gilbert, Annabel L. Smith
{"title":"Effects of abiotic restoration through rock addition on invertebrate functional diversity in native temperate grasslands","authors":"Isobel Roberts, Richard N. C. Milner, Brett Howland, James Lumbers, Maree Gilbert, Annabel L. Smith","doi":"10.1111/rec.14192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14192","url":null,"abstract":"Invertebrates account for over 90% of all described species and provide crucial ecosystem services. Land clearing, including the removal of abiotic habitat features, threatens invertebrate biodiversity, making environmental restoration crucial for conservation. However, little is known about the effects of abiotic restoration compared to the restoration of biotic features. To determine if rock addition increased invertebrate biodiversity, we introduced 120 t of rocks to 10 sites across five grassland reserves in the Australian Capital Territory in a before‐after‐control‐impact design. We sampled invertebrates using pitfall traps before treatment in 2016 and after rock addition in 2019 (during record‐breaking drought). We recorded 29,164 individual invertebrates from 19 orders and undertook a functional trait‐based analysis of rock effects on the invertebrate community. No effects of rock addition were observed on the probability of occurrence, richness, diversity, community similarity, or abundance of any taxonomic or functional group. The abundance of snare‐building spiders and large ants was higher in the control plots at the end of the experiment. These abundance responses in 2019 did not differ from the control or treatment plots in 2016. Thus, some combination of drought and rock addition appears to have neutralized a positive temporal change that was evident without rocks. Despite a regionwide, replicated restoration effort and an extensive functional analysis of invertebrate communities, very little positive response to rock addition was recorded. Rock addition did not have a negative effect on grassland invertebrate biodiversity and may still be beneficial to the long‐term conservation and restoration of vertebrate and invertebrate communities.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of priority areas for the restoration of high Andean mountain forests under climate change: a case study using potential distribution models","authors":"Griet An Erica Cuyckens, D. Renison","doi":"10.1111/rec.14193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14193","url":null,"abstract":"Paleontological studies in the central Andes have uncovered the vulnerability of Polylepis forests to climate shifts, attributed to limited seed dispersal capabilities and the rugged terrain. Given the ecological significance of these forests‐forming species as biodiversity hotspots and carbon sinks, their restoration is imperative for the preservation of endemic species and ecosystem services. At the extreme south of the genus' range, we find Polylepis australis, a forest‐forming tree species endemic to Argentina and uniquely extending beyond the Andes into the Sierras Grandes of the Córdoba province. This study utilizes potential distribution models to help inform on restoration strategies considering projected future climate scenarios. Employing Maxent 3.4.3 with 453 presence locations, we estimated a present potential distribution spanning 13,923 km2. Our analysis of future climate projections reveals important poleward contractions alongside minor uphill shifts (20 m above sea level), ultimately resulting in a net habitat loss of 4596 km2 (34%). This underscores the critical role of climate simulations in identifying species specific priority sites for restoration efforts and also highlighting Polylepis forests susceptibility to both climate change and anthropogenic impacts.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of special feature —Tailored Restoration Response: Predictions And Guidelines For Wetland Renewal","authors":"P. Waryszak, E. Asbridge","doi":"10.1111/rec.14172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14172","url":null,"abstract":"Growing understanding of decision‐making and environmental science is essential to carry out a successful wetland renewal. To foster this understanding and integrate knowledge on wetland renewal, we convened a diverse group of researchers, policymakers, and practitioners at an online symposium held on 23 November 2021. Following the symposium, we curated 22 papers from a global community of wetland experts for the special feature on “Wetland Renewal” in Restoration Ecology. This special feature encompasses findings from 15 field‐based experiments and 7 data‐based papers (P). The research spans various scientific fields such as: Biodiversity Conservation (P15), Coastal Engineering (P4, P8, and P9), Plant Ecology (P1, P2, P10, P12, and P13), Invasion Ecology (P7), Social Science (P3), Peat Soil Science (P6), Wildlife Ecology (P5, P11, and P22), Ecological Modeling (P16, P17, P18, P19, and P20), Microbiology (P22), and Policy and Law (P21).","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Thyroff, James B. Friday, Travis W. Idol, Michael A. Szuter, Douglass F. Jacobs
{"title":"Tradeoffs in access to light and root networks of established host trees for restoration planting of the root hemiparasite Santalum paniculatum","authors":"E. Thyroff, James B. Friday, Travis W. Idol, Michael A. Szuter, Douglass F. Jacobs","doi":"10.1111/rec.14180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14180","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration of root hemiparasite trees, such as Hawaiʻi's endemic Santalum species (ʻiliahi), may benefit from underplanting in stands of suitable hosts like the nitrogen‐fixing native tree, Acacia koa (koa). At a pasture site on Hawaiʻi Island previously reforested with koa, we underplanted seedlings of the island‐endemic sandalwood species, Santalum paniculatum, to examine the tradeoff between access to an established root network (distance to the nearest koa tree) under variable overstory shading (8.8–90.1% canopy openness range) during regeneration establishment. We hypothesized that there is an optimal parasite–host spacing and canopy openness that balance parasitic resource transfer with light availability. ʻIliahi seedling survival was 96% with no survival treatment differences. ‘Iliahi seedling growth was positively related to canopy openness but negatively related to the distance to the nearest koa tree, and the slope of these relationships increased over time. Leaf photosynthetic light compensation points, light saturation points, and stomatal density mostly followed similar trends as growth. These results demonstrate that ‘iliahi can be successfully underplanted in an established koa stand, which benefits ‘iliahi plantings and contributes to diversifying initial restoration and reforestation plantings. There appears to be a significant tradeoff in planting distance between benefits from and competition with the host; however, the improvement in growth with increased canopy openness appeared to be much greater than the effect of planting distance. Underplanting into an established host stand with sufficient canopy openness can help restore functionally compatible and abundant ‘iliahi regeneration into forests.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tracking the long‐term vegetation and soil characteristics of restored mangroves: a case study from Guyana's coast","authors":"Mark Ram, Marcus Sheaves, Nathan J. Waltham","doi":"10.1111/rec.14170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14170","url":null,"abstract":"The global urgency to halt and reverse mangrove loss has led to the implementation of numerous initiatives to protect and restore mangroves and recover critical ecological functions and services. Restoration success is assessed by estimating mangrove survival, while diversity, vegetation structure, and soil characteristics are often overlooked with no long‐term monitoring. Here, we investigated long‐term changes in vegetation and soil characteristics of Avicennia germinans‐dominated stands planted along Guyana's coast between 5 and 11 years old. A chronosequence approach was used to examine changes in vegetation and soil parameters in restored mangrove stands of different ages compared to natural stands of the same ages. Tree height, diameter, and aboveground biomass were inconsistent between restored and natural mangrove stands. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the soil properties were the important factors influencing both the restored and natural mangrove communities. There were no clear trajectories between the vegetation and soil characteristics with age, possibly due to site‐specific and hydrodynamic environmental factors, such as tidal dynamics, riverine inputs, and climatic variations. While there were some equivalent vegetation and soil characteristics at the end of the first decade after restoration, the restored mangroves may require a longer timespan (approximately 25 years) than the period overserved in our study to be entirely identical to the natural mangroves. This case study from Guyana provides valuable insights into the ecological processes driving mangrove recovery dynamics, growth patterns, and restoration effectiveness and offers reliable data needed to inform future restoration projects.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowing the invader: increasing knowledge about an invasive plant to improve management","authors":"Mónica Roldão Almeida, E. Marchante, H. Marchante","doi":"10.1111/rec.14175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14175","url":null,"abstract":"Pampas grass is an invasive alien plant with negative consequences for ecosystems, human health, and economy. Although diverse aspects of its biology and the ecology have been studied, some information relevant to its management is still missing. We studied the ecological characteristics of seeds and plants relevant to management and habitat restoration, namely morphological and reproductive traits in female and hermaphrodite plants, flower development, seed longevity, and germinability under different conditions. Female and hermaphrodite plants showed significant differences regarding reproductive traits, but not for morphological traits. Female plants are largely responsible for the dispersal of the species, while hermaphrodite plants primarily serve as pollen donors, contributing to off‐season allergies. In general, seeds of female plants are mature 3–4 weeks from the onset of flower development and are dispersed by wind until after 4 months, but timings are influenced by weather conditions. The species is very adaptable and can germinate in different soils (85% in fluvisols, 65% in podzols, and 35% in solonchak), water salinities (77 and 75% in freshwater, 28 and 38% in mesohaline, and 7 and 35% in polihaline waters, in laboratory and field, respectively), and moisture conditions (50 and 33% in soaked conditions, and 25 and 80% in moistened conditions, in laboratory and field, respectively). Seeds lack dormancy, are short‐lived (up to 1 year in the field and 3 years in optimal storage conditions), and are easily destroyed at 40°C temperatures in dark conditions. Implications of these findings for the management of the species are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivia N. Caretti, D. Eggleston, B. Puckett, D. Bohnenstiehl
{"title":"Location and reef size drive oyster reef restoration success","authors":"Olivia N. Caretti, D. Eggleston, B. Puckett, D. Bohnenstiehl","doi":"10.1111/rec.14168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14168","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing habitat restoration success requires understanding how restoration location and design enhance the persistence and function of a restored habitat. Particular attention to the configuration of structure and its interaction with landscape‐scale processes is critical for enhancing the habitat value of restored areas. We monitored six subtidal restored oyster reefs in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, United States, to identify how oyster demographics responded to initial habitat characteristics (e.g. reef area, volume, vertical relief, and perimeter‐to‐area ratio) and how changes in habitat characteristics over time altered suitability for oysters. Changes in reef habitat were measured by repeated mapping using bathymetric and side‐scanning sonar systems. A 2‐year time series of oyster demographic data quantified oyster response to habitat changes over time. All reefs provided habitat for the settlement and growth of oysters. Within 2 years of restoration, relative differences in oyster recruitment and survival emerged and were related to variations in reef location and two‐dimensional habitat characteristics among reefs, namely reef area and perimeter‐to‐area ratio. Larger reefs that were less fragmented resisted burial from sedimentation and enhanced oyster densities and biomass relative to smaller, more fragmented reefs that became heavily sedimented and failed to support oyster recruitment and survival. Positive feedback mechanisms between habitat characteristics and oyster recruitment success were established within 1 year of restoration and were likely driven by landscape‐scale processes such as sediment dynamics and larval supply. To improve restoration success, we recommend creating larger reef surfaces with low perimeter‐to‐area ratios in areas that promote habitat persistence.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew J. Brooks, Daniel W. Coleman, Robyn C. Bevitt, Timothy Haeusler, Matthew D. Russell, Teresa Rose, Simon Williams
{"title":"Long‐term environmental flows restore benthic invertebrate communities in a highly regulated river","authors":"Andrew J. Brooks, Daniel W. Coleman, Robyn C. Bevitt, Timothy Haeusler, Matthew D. Russell, Teresa Rose, Simon Williams","doi":"10.1111/rec.14174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14174","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of dams and other in‐stream structures for human use has altered river ecosystems worldwide. Dams degrade rivers, and environmental flow releases aim to mitigate flow alterations and restore rivers downstream of dams by returning elements of the pre‐regulation flow regime, resulting in an ecosystem that resembles a more natural state. We examined the responses of benthic invertebrate communities in riffles and pool‐edge habitats to an environmental flow regime (EFR) in the highly regulated Snowy River over 17 years (2000–2016). Benthic invertebrate communities significantly changed in response to prolonged increases in the magnitude of all components of the flow regime. The composition of the benthos in the regulated river became more dissimilar to pre‐EFR communities and more closely resembled those of nearby unregulated rivers. These changes were apparent in both riffle and pool‐edge habitats and were most pronounced when flow magnitudes were highest. Scrapers increased as flows increased, and in contrast, the relative abundances of gatherers declined with prolonged high flows and could be attributed to increased daily flows and high flow events mobilizing fine sediment and scouring benthic substrates. These results indicated that the EFR altered abiotic conditions or resources that previously limited invertebrate abundances, facilitating changes to the benthic community. Community changes we observed were in response to a flow regime that remained drastically lower than natural, demonstrating that restoration targets can be achieved with small flow increases that mimic natural flow patterns.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolás Velasco, Anna Calle‐Loor, Patricia Jaramillo Díaz
{"title":"Defining large‐scale arid island vegetation recovery targets through evaluating a reference ecosystem within an archipelago extent","authors":"Nicolás Velasco, Anna Calle‐Loor, Patricia Jaramillo Díaz","doi":"10.1111/rec.14171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14171","url":null,"abstract":"Island ecological restoration presents challenges in establishing historical frames and reference ecosystems. Our study takes place in the Galapagos Islands and focuses on North Seymour (NS), recognized as a reference ecosystem for Baltra Island, which has suffered significant degradation. We assessed NS's arid plant community, comparing it with early twentieth‐century records. A first survey identified that dominant woody species on NS include native <jats:italic>Bursera graveolens</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cordia lutea</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Castela galapageia</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parkinsonia aculeata</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Opuntia echios</jats:italic>, while <jats:italic>Cleome viscosa</jats:italic> is the only exotic species registered. A second survey divided both islands into evenly distributed plots, recording adults and juveniles of the five dominant species from the first survey. NS showed a structured community with higher species richness and density compared to Baltra. <jats:italic>Castela galapageia</jats:italic> prevailed in disturbed areas on Baltra. Juvenile regeneration was scarce on both islands. NS exhibited high species richness throughout, while Baltra had only two areas with similar high richness. Co‐occurrence analysis revealed significant associations between <jats:italic>P. aculeata</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. graveolens</jats:italic> on both islands. However, Baltra's network displayed missing links, indicating the need for restoration efforts. In conclusion, the structured plant community of NS can serve as one of the reference ecosystems needed for framing a restoration model for Baltra.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holley M. Lund, Brad Geary, Kate Ruebelmann, Roger T. Koide, Bridget Calder, Matthew D. Madsen
{"title":"The use of Groasis Waterboxx devices to improve mineland reclamation efforts by increasing transplant survival and growth of five native woody species","authors":"Holley M. Lund, Brad Geary, Kate Ruebelmann, Roger T. Koide, Bridget Calder, Matthew D. Madsen","doi":"10.1111/rec.14165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14165","url":null,"abstract":"The reclamation of disturbed lands worldwide is a difficult and increasing problem. In the Mountain West region of the United States, mining activities commonly occur in zones dominated by native woody plants. The restoration of woody plants in these areas is challenging, and direct seeding efforts result in poor seedling emergence and establishment. Therefore, seedling transplants are often used, but they frequently experience high mortality during the first year, particularly due to summer stresses. We evaluated if the Groasis Waterboxx device could be used to mitigate drought stress on seedling transplants and improve their establishment on a reclaimed waste rock dump. The Waterboxx device collects precipitation into a polypropylene reservoir and slowly dispenses water onto the soil next to the seedling. To test such a hypothesis, 400 seedlings from five native woody plants (<jats:italic>Atriplex canescens</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cercocarpus ledifolius</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pinus edulis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Purshia tridentata</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rhus glabra</jats:italic>) were planted with and without a Waterboxx. The Waterboxx device improved soil water potential, at 40 cm, it took 1 month longer to go below −1 MPa under a Waterboxx. Survival increased 30–65% in four of the five species, and seedling vigor increased for three of the five species. Vigor was higher with all plant species at both planting times and was significantly better in 50% of comparisons. Results support the use of the Waterboxx for improving seedling establishment on mineland overburden sites in the semiarid mountain west. The effectiveness of the Waterboxx device provides merit for future testing where drought challenges seedling establishment.","PeriodicalId":54487,"journal":{"name":"Restoration Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}