Promoting success in thin layer sediment placement: effects of sediment grain size and amendments on salt marsh plant growth and greenhouse gas exchange

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Restoration Ecology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1111/rec.14141

Brittany P. Wilburn, Kirk Raper, Kenneth B. Raposa, Andrew B. Gray, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Elizabeth B. Watson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Thin layer sediment placement (TLP) is used to build elevation in marshes, counteracting effects of subsidence and sea level rise. However, TLP success may vary due to plant stress associated with reductions in nutrient availability and hydrologic flushing or through the creation of acid sulfate soils. This study examined the influence of sediment grain size and soil amendments on plant growth, soil and porewater characteristics, and greenhouse gas exchange for three key U.S. salt marsh plants: Spartina alterniflora (synonym Sporobolus alterniflorus), Spartina patens (synonym Sporobolus pumilus), and Salicornia pacifica. We found that bioavailable nitrogen concentrations (measured as extractable NH4+‐N) and porewater pH and salinity were inversely related to grain size, while soil redox was more reducing in finer sediments. This suggests that utilizing finer sediments in TLP projects will result in a more reduced environment with higher nutrient availability, while larger grain sized sediments will be better flushed and oxygenated. We further found that grain size had a significant effect on vegetation biomass allocation and rates of gas exchange, although these effects were species‐specific. We found that soil amendments (biochar and compost) did not subsidize plant growth but were associated with increases in soil respiration and methane emissions. Biochar amendments were additionally ineffective in ameliorating acid sulfate conditions. This study uncovers complex interactions between sediment type and vegetation, emphasizing the limitations of soil amendments. The findings aid restoration project managers in making informed decisions regarding sediment type, target vegetation, and soil amendments for successful TLP projects.

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促进薄层沉积物放置的成功：沉积物粒度和添加物对盐沼植物生长和温室气体交换的影响

薄层沉积物沉积法（TLP）用于提高沼泽地的海拔，抵消沉降和海平面上升的影响。然而，由于养分供应和水文冲刷的减少，或由于酸性硫酸盐土壤的形成，TLP 的成功率可能会有所不同。本研究考察了沉积物粒度和土壤添加剂对植物生长、土壤和孔隙水特性以及美国三种主要盐沼植物温室气体交换的影响：Spartina alterniflora（异名 Sporobolus alterniflorus）、Spartina patens（异名 Sporobolus pumilus）和 Salicornia pacifica。我们发现，生物可用氮浓度（以可萃取 NH4+-N 计）、孔隙水 pH 值和盐度与粒度成反比，而较细沉积物中的土壤氧化还原性更强。这表明，在 TLP 项目中使用较细的沉积物会导致环境更加贫瘠，养分供应量更高，而较大粒径的沉积物则会得到更好的冲洗和充氧。我们还发现，颗粒大小对植被生物量分配和气体交换速率有显著影响，尽管这些影响因物种而异。我们发现，土壤改良剂（生物炭和堆肥）不会促进植物生长，但会增加土壤呼吸作用和甲烷排放量。此外，生物炭添加剂对改善酸性硫酸盐条件也没有效果。这项研究揭示了沉积物类型与植被之间复杂的相互作用，强调了土壤添加剂的局限性。研究结果有助于恢复项目管理人员就沉积物类型、目标植被和土壤添加剂做出明智的决策，从而成功实施 TLP 项目。

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来源期刊

Restoration Ecology 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

15.60%

发文量

226

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Restoration Ecology fosters the exchange of ideas among the many disciplines involved with ecological restoration. Addressing global concerns and communicating them to the international research community and restoration practitioners, the journal is at the forefront of a vital new direction in science, ecology, and policy. Original papers describe experimental, observational, and theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, and are considered without taxonomic bias. Contributions span the natural sciences, including ecological and biological aspects, as well as the restoration of soil, air and water when set in an ecological context; and the social sciences, including cultural, philosophical, political, educational, economic and historical aspects. Edited by a distinguished panel, the journal continues to be a major conduit for researchers to publish their findings in the fight to not only halt ecological damage, but also to ultimately reverse it.