Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal最新文献

{"title":"EFEITO DA ÉPOCA DE ADUBACÃO NITROGENADA EM COBERTURA NA PRODUCÃO E QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE ERVILHA (Pisum sativum L)","authors":"Nilton Carlos de Souza Romero, K. I. Haga, Valdeci Orioli Júnior, E. Cardoso","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000300001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000300001","url":null,"abstract":"An important factor in crop production is the nutrient liberation matching the growth rates, so these combined effects together with plant development can reach the best results. In this work, the times of nitrogen application (topdressing) were tested in the rate of 120 kg ha-1 of N, applied at 20 (T20), 25 (T25), 30 (T30), 35 (T35) and 40 (T40) days after emergency in eight cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L) (Maria, Kodama, Mikado, Flavia, Luiza, Amelia, Dileta and Marina). Here, the aim was to evaluate the effect of these treatments on yield and seed quality in Cerrado Region. After harvest, the seeds were submitted to the quality tests (germination tests, electric conductivity and emergency under field conditions). The results showed that the peas crops are not influenced by the N timing application. Amongst the eight cultivars studied, the best productivity were for Mariana, Mikado, Amelia, Maria and Flavia and the lowest yield was for Kodama cultivar. The cultivar Mikado showed the best results for the quality tests. Palavras-chave: Pisum sativum L., nitrogenio, epocas de aplicacao, qualidade de sementes RESUMO Um fator importante na producao das culturas e a disponibilizacao do nutriente na epoca certa para que os efeitos no crescimento e desenvolvimento alcancem os melhores resultados. No presente trabalho, foram testadas as epocas de realizacao da adubacao nitrogenada (120 kg ha-1), aplicada em cobertura aos 20 (T20), 25 (T25), 30 (T30), 35 (T35) e 40 (T40) dias apos a emergencia em oito cultivares de ervilha (Pisum sativum L) (Maria, Kodama,","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"89 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90685915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARBONO ORGÁNICO Y PROPIEDADES DEL SUELO","authors":"Eduardo Martínez H, Juan Pablo Fuentes E, Edmundo Acevedo H","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000100006","url":null,"abstract":"El carbono organico del suelo (COS) se relaciona con la sustentabilidad de los sistemas agricolas afectando las propiedades del suelo relacionadas con el rendimiento sostenido de los cultivos. El COS se vincula con la cantidad y disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo, al aportar elementos como el N cuyo aporte mineral es normalmente deficitario. Ademas, al modificar la acidez y la alcalinidad hacia valores cercanos a la neutralidad, el COS aumenta la solubilidad de varios nutrientes. El COS asociado a la materia organica del suelo proporciona coloides de alta capacidad de intercambio cationico. Su efecto en las propiedades fisicas se manifiesta mediante la modificacion de la estructura y la distribucion del espacio poroso del suelo. La cantidad de COS no solo depende de las condiciones ambientales locales, sino que es afectada fuertemente por el manejo del suelo. Existen practicas de manejo que generan un detrimento del COS en el tiempo, a la vez hay practicas que favorecen su acumulacion. En este trabajo se discute la relacion entre carbono organico, propiedades quimicas, fisicas, biologicas y el manejo del suelo. Ademas se plantean metodologias para estudiar los flujos de C02 del suelo a la atmosfera","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"11 1","pages":"68-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90698985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Organic Matter in Nano-Composite and Clay Fractions, and Soluble Pools of the Rhizosphere","authors":"Cm Monreal, M. Schnitzer","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400009","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic matter (SOM) has been studied in physical fractions (i.e., aggregates), chemical components (i.e., humic substances); and biological constituents (i.e., microbial biomass), or represented in kinetic compartments in simulation models (i.e., Century). In soils most organic matter is found as organo-mineral complexes, the interactions between inorganic and organic matter have been studied by Schnitzer and Kodama (1992). The physical domains of organic matter involve hierarchical units of aggregates and particle size fractions (Oades and Waters, 1991). The chemical domains involve chemically extracted humic substances (Schnitzer and Kodama, 1975), or several chemical classes of compounds in whole soil as characterized in mass spectrometry studies (Schnitzer and Schulten, 1992). The biological components and their interactions with inorganic matrices and organics control the flows of energy, carbon, nitrogen and other crop nutrients (Monreal and McGill, 1997). Another important component of organic matter is the soil solution, where chemical, biochemical and physico-chemical reactions occur (Monreal and McGill, 1997). The latter reactions affect supply of crop nutrients, the type of microbial communities, and molecular structures of soil organic matter (Monreal et al., 1997). In soil microsites organic matter binds to clay colloids and other minerals to form domains of nanocomposites at various arbitrary scales ( 1000 nm). On the other hand, bacteria may be considered as single domain microparticles or nanomolecular catalytic assemblies. Living communities of microorganisms in soils produce and utilize diverse nanoparticles during their metabolic reactions of oxidation and reduction of growth and energy synthesis (35). Thus, the","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"106 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79731134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOREWORD: Second International Symposium of Soil, Ecology and Environment November 8-9,2007","authors":"M. Mora, F. Matus","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000200001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89758125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminant Fate, Dynamics and Bioavailability: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism at the Soil: Root interface","authors":"R. Naidu, K. Kim","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400010","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental contamination from improper disposal of hazardous industrial and municipal wastes has long been recognised as an issue of public concern, regulatory activity, and scientific investigation. Such disposals have resulted in the occurrence of in excess of 80,000 potentially contaminated sites in Australia (Natusch, 1997) and over 3 million such sites in the Asia region. In the United States (US), there are estimated to be about 400,000 waste disposal sites where soil and groundwater contamination is deemed to be of sufficient extent and magnitude that some type of remedial action is warranted to protect public health or to minimize adverse environmental and ecological impacts (Rao et al., 1996; USEPA, 2004, http://www.epa.gov/superfund/news/30years.htm). Remediation of contaminated sites to the extent practicable is expected to cost approximately $5 to 8 billion in Australia (Powell, 1992;","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"1 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89805608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARACIÓN DE DOS MÉTODOS ALTERNATIVOS AL POZO BARRENO PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE LA CONDUCTIVIDAD HIDRÁULICA SATURADA (Ks) EN UN ALFISOL","authors":"Marco Pfeiffer, Julio Haberland, C. Kremer, O. Seguel","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000300005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000300005","url":null,"abstract":"The following study compared two field methods and one laboratory method to measure saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in the saturated phase of soil, all evaluated in a clayey loam soil with three replicates. The two field methods under study were the auger hole method (PB) and the cylinder infiltrometer (CI), the laboratory method was the constant head permeameter (PCC). Ks values delivered by the PCC method showed differences in magnitude (1,03 m day-1) and a high variability (CV=249%), thus using these method is not recommended for soil with similar characteristics to the studied one. The PB and the CI methods showed a low variability (CV=39 and 13%) and similar Ks values (10,8 and 7,1 m day-1), being recommended the use of both methods in soils with similar characteristics to the studied one. These methods are complementary, because of the PB requires the presence of a water level, meanwhile the CI requires the absence of these one.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"5 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84281825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-Root-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere: A Key to Understanding and Predicting Nutrient Bio availability to Plants","authors":"P. Hinsinger, M. Bravin, N. Devau, F. Gérard, E. Cadre, B. Jaillard","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400008","url":null,"abstract":"As stressed in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, over the last 50 years, human beings have modified the ecosystems to an unpreceded point in humankind history, in order to meet the increasing world demand in food, drinking water, wood, fibers and energy (Tilman 1999). Such changes much contributed to improving humankind well-being, but this was achieved at the expense of a degradation of numerous ecosystem services and increasing poverty of the poorest populations. Prediction models forecast further degradation of ecosystem services in the coming 50 years,","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"74 1","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85819653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solute Interactions in Soils in Relation to Bioavailability and Remediation of the Environment","authors":"N. Bolan, B. Ko, C. Anderson, I. Vogeler","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400002","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike organic contaminants, most metals do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation and the total concentration of these metals in soils persists for a long time after their introduction (Adriano, 2003). With greater public awareness of the implications of contaminated soils on human and animal health there has been increasing interest amongst the scientific community in the development of technologies to remediate contaminated sites. For diffuse distribution of metals (e.g. fertilizer-derived Cd input in pasture soils), remediation options generally include amelioration of soils to minimize the metal bioavailability. Bioavailability can be minimized through chemical and biological immobilisation of metals using a range of inorganic compounds, such as lime and phosphate (P) compounds (e.g. apatite rocks), and organic compounds, such as ‘exceptional quality’ biosolid (Figure 1; Bolan and Duraisamy, 2003). Reducing metal availability and maximizing plant growth through inactivation may also prove to be an effective method of","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"36 2 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74097203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICA-QUÍMICA Y BIOLÓGICA DE ENMIENDAS ORGÁNICAS APLICADAS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS EN REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA","authors":"Aridio Pérez, Carlos Céspedes, P. Núñez","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000300002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000300002","url":null,"abstract":"Los beneficios de la aplicacion de enmiendas organicas en la agricultura son conocidos a nivel mundial; sin embargo, existen muy pocos estudios sobre los contenidos nutricionales y actividad biologica de estos fertilizantes organicos. En Republica Dominicana estas enmiendas son aplicadas en la agricultura hace mas de dos decadas; pero no han sido estudiadas. El objetivo de la investigacion fue determinar las caracteristicas fisica-quimicas y microbiologicas de las enmiendas organicas de mayor uso en Republica Dominicana, asi como las fuentes utilizadas para su preparacion. Las muestras de enmiendas organicas fueron recolectadas en las localidades de Jarabacoa, Espaillat, La Vega y Montecristi durante el periodo enero del 2005 a julio 2006. En total se analizaron 43 muestras. Los resultados demostraron que el tipo de bokashi de la planta Jarabacoa \"BPJ\" presento valores superiores de materia organica (MO) con 44%, P (6.1%), K (3.6%), Ca (21.7%) y micro nutrientes (Mn y Zn) que los otros bokashi evaluados. El mayor contenido de MO (52%) entre los materiales compostados se observo en el tipo Justino Peguero \"CJP\", pero con contenidos de nutrientes similares a los otros compost. El contenido de MO fue superior en humus de lombriz (76% promedio) comparado con los bokashi y los compost. Los resultados mostraron que las caracteristicas fisicas, quimicas y biologicas de las enmiendas organicas evaluadas varian con las condiciones de manejo, tipo de material utilizado en su preparacion, condiciones ambientales y procesos de elaboracion.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"9 1","pages":"10-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89264737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Metals and Metalloids on Soil Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function","authors":"D. Crowley","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400003","url":null,"abstract":"Metal and metalloid concentrations in soil exert an enormous influence on the diversity, composition, and activity of soil microorganisms that carry out essential ecosystem services. At low concentrations, microorganisms can compete for essential trace elements that are required to support their growth and in this manner affect plant nutrition and disease through the production of metal chelators. At high concentrations, the toxic effects of metals result in reduced microbial diversity and altered rates of key biological processes that underlie ecosystem function. The latter is now of great concern as large land areas across the globe have become contaminated with metals from land application of wastes and atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. An understanding of how plants, soils, organic matter, and microorganisms influence metal transformations in the rhizosphere is thus critical for managing soils to assure the long term protection of soil quality, food safety, and ecosystem function. One of the major difficulties in making practical management decisions with respect to metal pollution for different types of soils has been our inability to derive bioindicators of soil quality that can provide indices of soil quality across the landscape at different scales and over time. Ecosystems respond very differently to acute and chronic metal toxicities depending on their chemical properties and prior exposure histories. Toxicities are particularly influenced by physico-chemical conditions in soils that influence the bioavailability of metals and metalloids to plants and microorganisms. Nonetheless, the dynamic nature of microbial communities, which respond much faster to changes in management practices than do soil physical and chemical properties enables us to use bioindicators as a sensitive tools for predicting possible long term changes in soil properties. From a land management perspective, it is critical that soil microbiologists offer appropriate bioindicators for use in measuring the impacts of soil pollution on soil biological properties and extend knowledge as to how specific bioindicators may reflect long term changes in soil quality that can be used to guide land management practices and remediation of contaminated soils. Responses of Microbial Communities to Metal Contamination The microbial community concept is based on the interactions among in all of the various species of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and microfauna that carry out the various broad level functions of the soil, ranging from nutrient cycling to organic matter formation, and plant disease protection. Differences in the species composition of various soils are linked to changes in soil biological properties that in turn affect the long term chemical and physical properties and ability to support plant growth. Among the most basic functions are respiration","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"110 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86232867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}