Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal最新文献_第5页

Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Micronutrients in the Soil-Plant-Microbe Continuum 土壤-植物-微生物连续体中磷和微量营养素的生物利用度

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400013

Z. Rengel

{"title":"Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Micronutrients in the Soil-Plant-Microbe Continuum","authors":"Z. Rengel","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400013","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing need to produce food for the expanding world population creates significant pressure on suitable land already in production and requires continuous expansion of food-producing ecosystems into less fertile areas. In every such food-producing system, crops and pastures must be provided with sufficient nutrients for vigorous growth and high outputs, putting an emphasis on understanding soil-plant microbe interactions governing nutrient acquisition by plants. This review will summarise the available knowledge on relevant interactions underlying plant acquisition of P and micronutrients (with an emphasis on Mn). Soils resulting in P and micronutrient deficiency in crops and pastures are abundant in the world, but such nutrient deficiency arises from poor P and micronutrient mobility rather than low total amounts present in soil (Rengel, 2001). Hence, the plant-available nutrient fraction and the concentration in the soil solution may be insufficient to satisfy plant requirements (Jorquera et al., 2008; Rengel and Marschner, 2005). Around 90% of the total P use in the world today is for food production (Jasinski, 2006). Hence, modern agricultural systems are dependent on continual inputs of P fertilizers processed from phosphate rock. Yet, the world reserves of phosphate rock are becoming increasingly scarce, and estimates are they will be depleted within 50-100 years, with a global peak in usage of P reserves occurring by 2040 (Jasinski, 2006). While the exact timing might be disputed, it is widely accepted that the quality of P rock is decreasing and cost increasing (indeed, the price of phosphate rock has risen 7-fold in the 14 months since Feb 2007) (Cordell, 2008).","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"16 1","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87219368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Protein Adsorption at Solid Surfaces and Protein Complexation with Humic Acids 蛋白质在固体表面的吸附和蛋白质与腐植酸的络合

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400011

W. Norde, W. Tan, L. Koopal

引用次数: 9

ISMOM 2008: 5* International Symposium on Interactions of Soil Minerals with Organic Components and Microorganisms: Commission 2.5 Soil Physical/Chemical/Biological Interfacial Reactions of the International Union of Soil Sciences 土壤矿物质与有机成分和微生物相互作用国际研讨会:国际土壤科学联合会土壤物理/化学/生物界面反应委员会

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400001

Maria de la Luz Mora Gil, B. Theng

引用次数: 0

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND DIFFUSE POLLUTION IN A VOLCANIC SOIL 畜牧业生产和火山土壤的扩散污染

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000200002

M. Alfaro, F. Salazar

{"title":"LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND DIFFUSE POLLUTION IN A VOLCANIC SOIL","authors":"M. Alfaro, F. Salazar","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000200002","url":null,"abstract":"In developed countries, intensive grazing has been related to water pollution. The results of several projects carried out on a volcanic soil of the Osorno soil series on beef grazing production systems have shown that grazing management did not increase total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transfer and losses. Due to the high water infiltration capacity of the soil, runoff was <1% of total drainage, therefore, N and P losses in runoff were small. Nitrogen leaching losses were high (3 up to 71 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Nitrogen loss in runoff was mainly lost as DON (c. 50%) while N leaching losses were mainly as nitrate (c. 70%). Total P losses ranged between 1 and 22 g P ha-1 yr-1 and they increased with increasing field slopes. Phosphorus was mainly lost as reactive P (c. 70%). Total losses were greatly affected by incidental N and P losses associated to spring N and P fertilizer application, so that grassland managements should consider this constrain for grazed areas in southern Chile. Research should be carried out in more intensive production systems (e.g. dairy farms) where N and P rates used are higher and applied during different times of the year, with a potential impact for the wider environment.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89845297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Use of Nanoparticles in Soil-Water Bioremediation Processes 纳米颗粒在土壤-水生物修复过程中的应用

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400007

N. Durán

{"title":"Use of Nanoparticles in Soil-Water Bioremediation Processes","authors":"N. Durán","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400007","url":null,"abstract":"As a general definition, nanotechnology is involved with objects on the nano scale, or materials measuring between 1 and 100 nm. It was found a good definition that is practical and unconstrained by any arbitrary size limitations: The design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale that produces structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property (Bawa et al., 2005). Nanotechnology has contributed to the development of a great diversity of materials as those used in electronic, optoelectronic, biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy, catalytic, and materials applications. In the manufacturing community, the most profitable trail for nanoscale particles and materials have been in the areas of sunscreen, magnetic recording tape, automotive catalyst supports, biolabeling, chemical-mechanical polishing, electroconductive coatings, and optical fibers. However, the emergence of nanotechnology presents a number of potential environmental benefits. This potential impact area could be divided into three categories: treatment and remediation, sensing and detection, and pollution prevention. Some nanoparticles destroy contaminants, for instance, while others sequester them. The specific nanotechnologies that it will be discussed hereafter focus on site remediation and waste water treatment. Besides the applications for soil, groundwater, and wastewater, a number of nanotechnologies for air remediation are also in development. Carbon nanotubes, for example, have been recognized for their ability to adsorb dioxin much more strongly than traditional activated carbon. Smaller particle size enables the development of smaller sensors, which can be deployed more easily into remote locations. The ability of nanotechnology to abate pollution production is in progress and could potentially catalyze the most revolutionary changes in the environmental field (Watlington, 2005).","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"58 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84774414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Interactions of Soil Components and Microorganisms and their Effects on Soil Remediation 土壤组分与微生物的相互作用及其对土壤修复的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400006

J. Bollag

{"title":"Interactions of Soil Components and Microorganisms and their Effects on Soil Remediation","authors":"J. Bollag","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400006","url":null,"abstract":"Minerals, organic matter and microorganisms are intimately associated in soils and closely interact in environmental processes. These interactions are especially important in the soil rhizosphere and the sediment-water interface, where low-molecular weight biochemicals are abundant and microbial activity is intense. Current research is driven by the widespread contamination of our soils with organic pollutants and the desire to apply the knowledge acquired during earlier basic research to practical applications in the field (Atlas and Philp, 2005). These explorations not only increase our understanding of the interactions between microorganisms and other soil components, but also assist us in establishing and applying methods for waste remediation and the cleanup of contaminated soils. As the importance of bioavailability has been recognized and is being considered in regulatory decision-making, a greater understanding of the factors affecting the bioavailability of contaminants to plants and organisms is necessary. Increased knowledge will provide more realistic information about how to take bioavailability and toxicity into consideration for risk assessment and site remediation. Human activities and industrialization development generate by-products and waste that must be disposed of in a way that should not affect the environment. Even when such by-products are used on agricultural lands as a resource, e.g. organic waste that may contribute to maintain or increase the organic matter and nutrient content in the soil, there are growing concerns about the fate of undesirable constituents they may contain.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"31 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82989749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effect of the host and non host crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules 寄主和非寄主作物对丛枝菌根繁殖体的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000100004

{"title":"Effect of the host and non host crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules","authors":"","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000100004","url":null,"abstract":"Recent field studies have shown that fungal spores decrease when non host plants are used as a pre-culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate how host plant like oats (Avena sativa L.), and non host, as lupine (Lupinus albus L.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) can influence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagules diversity and phosphatase activity when growing in an Andisol and an Inceptisol. The trial was conducted from September 2006 through March 2007 in greenhouse conditions using 5 kg pots with in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The number of AMF spores was higher in the Andisol than the Inceptisol and highest when using oats than lupine or raps as plant host. Oats also showed a large enrichment of morphotypes, whereas lupine and raps were poor. The phosphatase activity (P-ase) in Inceptisol was lower than in Andisol and between crops increased in the order oats < rapeseed < lupine; while significant differences between lupines with other crops were registred. Again, our results reinforce the hypothesis that the mycorrhizae and phosphatase activity are complementary mechanisms developed by plants for a better P acquisition.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"1 1","pages":"37-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89570875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Enzymes of Significance to the Restoration of Polluted Systems: Traditional and Advanced Approaches 酶对污染系统恢复的重要意义:传统和先进的方法

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400004

L. Gianfreda

引用次数: 4

DOES BURNING OF HARVESTING RESIDUES INCREASE SOIL CARBON STORAGE 燃烧收获残留物会增加土壤碳储量吗

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000200006

C. Rumpel

引用次数: 25

EFECTO DE LOS RESIDUOS VEGETALES PROVENIENTESDE DOS TRATAMIENTOS SILVÍCOLAS EN UNAPLANTACIÓN DE Pinus radiata D. DON SOBRE LOSCAMBIOS ESTACIONALES DE LAS ACTIVIDADESBIOLÓGICAS DEL SUELO 辐射松(Pinus radiata D. DON)人工林两种造林处理后的植物废弃物对土壤生物活性季节变化的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000100002

Marysol Alvear, Marcia Astorga, Francisco Reyes

{"title":"EFECTO DE LOS RESIDUOS VEGETALES PROVENIENTESDE DOS TRATAMIENTOS SILVÍCOLAS EN UNAPLANTACIÓN DE Pinus radiata D. DON SOBRE LOSCAMBIOS ESTACIONALES DE LAS ACTIVIDADESBIOLÓGICAS DEL SUELO","authors":"Marysol Alvear, Marcia Astorga, Francisco Reyes","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000100002","url":null,"abstract":"El impacto de los residuos vegetales provenientes de manejos silvicolas sobre la dinamica de nutrientes en suelos forestales es aun desconocida. Es necesario determinar el efecto de los residuos provenientes de la poda y el raleo dejados sobre la superficie del suelo, ya que tienen un impacto directo sobre las propiedades fisico-quimicas y en las actividades microbianas del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar y comparar el efecto de residuos vegetales provenientes de dos tratamientos silvicolas (poda y raleo) sobre algunas actividades biologicas medidas despues de 10 anos de manejo en invierno y en primavera. Este fue realizado en un Ultisol plantado con Pinus radiata D. Don. Nosotros determinamos: la hidrolisis de la fluoresceina diacetato (FDA), el carbono y nitrogeno biomasico (CBM y NBM, respectivamente) y la actividad de las enzimas carboximetilcelulasa (CMC-asa) y β-glucosidasa (βG-asa), ambas involucradas en el ciclo del C, y fosfatasa acida (P-asa), involucrada en el ciclo del fosforo (P). Los resultados demuestran que la hidrolisis de la FDA y el NBM fueron significativamente mayores (p 0,05) entre tratamientos, con excepcion de la P-asa acida, favorecida por la mayor disponibilidad de P y el pH del suelo. En primavera, las actividades enzimaticas evaluadas no presentaron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en el RSP, a diferencia del rodal sometido a raleo (RSR), considerando la estacionalidad. Entre manejos si hubo diferencias significativas (p<0,05), siendo mayores los niveles de actividad en el RSP.La humedad del suelo y la acumulacion de residuos silvicolas fueron determinantes en el control de las actividades biologicas Sin embargo, otros factores podrian ser considerados. El manejo de los residuos provenientes de faenas silvicolas en este tipo de ecosistemas requieren de un mayor estudio, considerando que existen varios factores medioambientales y antropicos","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"38 1","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77651574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5