Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal最新文献

BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN VASCULAR EPIPHYTES SUBSTRATE FROM A TEMPERATE FOREST OF CHILE 智利温带森林维管附生植物底物的生化特性

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000200004

F. Reyes, Zanetti Silvana, Alejandro Espinosa, A. Marysol

{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN VASCULAR EPIPHYTES SUBSTRATE FROM A TEMPERATE FOREST OF CHILE","authors":"F. Reyes, Zanetti Silvana, Alejandro Espinosa, A. Marysol","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000200004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000200004","url":null,"abstract":"The temperate forests of south-central Chile belong to the association Lapageria aextoxiconetum Oberdorfer vegetation, dominated by Aextoxicon punctatum R. et P., elderly and multi-layered, where the strata are emergent, dominant and co-dominant, shrub and herbaceous epiphytes. This work is the first report of measurements of some biochemical properties in samples from vascular epiphytes substrate in temperate forests. We evaluated the most frequent ecological situations: bifurcated trees (BT), dead standing trees (SDT) and medium gap border trees (MGBT), ES were compared with the surrounding soil forest land (SS) as control. The microbial biomass and enzyme activities of substrate were higher in ES of BT, situation probably due to optimal micro-environmental conditions (moisture and humidity, temperature, organic matter (OM) content and nutrient availability); similarly, lower levels of activity were found in ES in MGBT situation. We found a statistically significant correlation (p ≤ 0.05) between evaluated microbial biomass and enzymatic activities. Furthermore, the biochemical properties were influenced by factors such as moisture, temperature, pH and OM content and all of these factors correlated significantly (P≤0.01) among them. These results demonstrate a difference between ES and SS in BT that should be explored to gain insights in understanding the processes of decomposition using the natural microcosms that ES provides.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"11 1","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85192960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

ATRAZINE EFFICIENCY IN AN ANDISOL AS AFFECTED BY CLAYS AND NANOCLAYS IN ETHYLCELLULOSE CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS 乙基纤维素控释配方中粘土和纳米粘土对阿特拉津在和二醇中的效率的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100007

M. Cea, P. Cartes, G. Palma, M. Mora

{"title":"ATRAZINE EFFICIENCY IN AN ANDISOL AS AFFECTED BY CLAYS AND NANOCLAYS IN ETHYLCELLULOSE CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS","authors":"M. Cea, P. Cartes, G. Palma, M. Mora","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000100007","url":null,"abstract":"Atrazine, a herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds of different crops, was incorporated in ethylcellulose controlled release formulations (CRFs) by using the solvent evaporation technique. Allophanic clays and nanoclays were incorporated as matrix modifying agents. The formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their behavior was determined in aqueous phase. Dissipation studies and soil columns experiments with CRFs were also carried out, and compared with commercial formulations (CFs). In addition, a short-term bioassay was performed to evaluate the effect of CRFs and CFs on the emergence and growth of field mustard (Brassica campestris L.) under greenhouse conditions. The matrix modifiers (clays and nanoclays) showed little influence on the particle morphology and atrazine encapsulation efficiency. Furthermore, these matrix modifiers had a slight effect on the atrazine release into water, its dissipation and its behavior in soil compared with the formulation without them. All CRFs increased the atrazine herbicidal activity and reduced their loss by leaching in soil. Although some similarities were found in the efficiency to reduce the seedling emergence between CRFs and CFs, a greater death of seedlings was observed in the CRFs, especially when nanoclays were added into the formulation. These facts denote an advantage of CRFs over CFs due to prolonged bio-efficiency, and longer applications intervals will be produced, minimizing the harmful impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"362 1","pages":"62-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82641159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

NITROGEN SOIL BUDGETS IN CONTRASTING DAIRY GRAZING SYSTEMS OF SOUTHERN CHILE, A SHORT-TERM STUDY 对比智利南部奶牛放牧系统的氮土壤收支，短期研究

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-27912010000200008

R. Núñez, R. Demanet, M. Alfaro, M. Mora

{"title":"NITROGEN SOIL BUDGETS IN CONTRASTING DAIRY GRAZING SYSTEMS OF SOUTHERN CHILE, A SHORT-TERM STUDY","authors":"R. Núñez, R. Demanet, M. Alfaro, M. Mora","doi":"10.4067/s0718-27912010000200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-27912010000200008","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the intensification of livestock production in Southern Chile has resulted in a high potential for environmental damage through nitrogen (N) losses, creating the need for the evaluation of N flows from these systems. The aim of the research was to determine N budgets and N use efficiency in two grazing systems in Southern Chile. For this, inputs and outputs were measured during one year on two grazing systems (heavy grazing, HG; and light grazing, LG). Also, a control treatment with no grazing (C) was considered. The annual N soil budget was determined by the difference between all N inputs (£ inputs) and all N outputs (X outputs). The results of the experiment indicate that HG treatments received the biggest N input (427, 359 and 288 kg N ha-1 yr-1 for HG, LG and C treatment, respectively), however this treatment also had the biggest N losses (406 kg N ha-1 yr-1), with a nitrogen recovery efficiency from fertilizer of 71%. In addition, herbage dry matter yield (DM) was greater in the HG than in the LG and C treatments (10.4; 8.1 and 7.1 t N ha-1 yr-1, respectively). Also, N concentration in the forage was higher in this treatment (2.9%) than in the LG (2.7%) and C (2.5%) treatments. The results indicate that HG increases N use efficiency in pastures in Southern Chile, increasing the herbage production and quality, but also increasing the potential for N losses to the wider environment. Farmers should consider this when choosing the appropriate grazing system.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"44 1","pages":"170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89540475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHMS FOR ESTIMATING SOIL TEMPERATURE 分窗法估算土壤温度的比较分析

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100004

Leonardo V. Vera, J. C. Parra, L. Morales, C. Mattar, E. Jorquera-Fontena

引用次数: 5

Growth of Inga vera Willd. subsp. Affinis under rizobia inoculation. 野生印加树的生长。无性系种群。菌接种下的亲和菌。

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000200005

J. Maia, M. Scotti

{"title":"Growth of Inga vera Willd. subsp. Affinis under rizobia inoculation.","authors":"J. Maia, M. Scotti","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000200005","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen, in general, is the largest limiting plant growth nutrient in the tropics and is required as a synthetic fertilizer to improve plants productivity. Therefore, studies aiming in understanding and using nitrogen fixation by leguminous trees have been done as a low-cost alternative for chemical fertilizer. Native legume trees such as Inga vera have been recommended in the rehabilitation of degraded areas due their ability to establish symbiosis with nitrogen fixation organisms replacing nitrogen fertilization. These species are able to increase soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Thus, the present study aims to assess the inoculation effects of native rhizobia strains on nodulation, dry matter production, nitrogen and phosphorus leaf incorporation in I. vera seedlings. With this purpose, four strains were obtained from inga nodules and tested in a greenhouse. The inoculation of I. vera seedlings with native rhizobium strains promoted an increase in shoot dry mass as well as in leaf nitrogen content. According to symbiotic efficiency equation, this approach ranged from 50 to 80% indicating that the nitrogen fertilization for this species can be partially replaced by rhizobia inoculation.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"10 1","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85288081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

THE EFFECT OF COMPOST AND SEWAGE SLUDGE ON SOIL BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES IN SALT AFFECTED SOIL 堆肥和污泥对盐渍土土壤生物活性的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100005

Abdelbasset Lakhdar, R. Scelza, R. Scotti, M. Rao, N. Jedidi, L. Gianfreda, C. Abdelly

引用次数: 88

USE OF SLUDGE FROM KRAFT MILL WASTEWATER TREATMENT AS IMPROVER OF VOLCANIC SOILS: EFFECT ON SOIL BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 牛皮厂废水处理污泥作为火山土改良剂对土壤生物参数的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100006

F. Gallardo, C. Bravo, G. Briceño, M. C. Diez

{"title":"USE OF SLUDGE FROM KRAFT MILL WASTEWATER TREATMENT AS IMPROVER OF VOLCANIC SOILS: EFFECT ON SOIL BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS","authors":"F. Gallardo, C. Bravo, G. Briceño, M. C. Diez","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000100006","url":null,"abstract":"Sludge from kraft mill wastewater treatment was applied on two soils derived from volcanic ashes and, the effect on biological parameters of the soils was evaluated. The soils used in this study were an Andisol belonging of Gorbea Series and an Ultisol belonging of Collipulli Series. The sludge was added at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 t ha -1 . Previously, germination of red clover (Trifolium pratense), white clover (Trifolium repens), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was tested to assess phytotoxicity of the sludge. The different soil-sludge mixtures were incubated at controlled temperature for 60 days and microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and acid phosphatase activity were evaluated throughout the incubation time. All biological parameters evaluated were sensitive enough to shown the effect of sewage sludge application on soil microorganisms. The sludge application at different rates increased significantly (P<0.05) the microbial activity and enzymatic activity of the sludge amended soils. The maximum levels of activity were observed between 15 and 30 days after sludge application in both Gorbea soil and Collipulli soil, obtaining the highest values when were applied between 30 and 50 t ha -1 . The results of this study suggest that sludge from kraft mill wastewater treatment may have potential as a beneficial soil amendment for improving biological properties of the soils.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"1 1","pages":"48-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84629498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

SOIL GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITIES AND WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC CARBON UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES 不同土地利用方式下土壤糖苷酶活性与水溶性有机碳

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000200001

X. Z Ma, L. J Chen, Z. H Chen, Z.J Wu, L.L Zhang, Y.L Zhang

{"title":"SOIL GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITIES AND WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC CARBON UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES","authors":"X. Z Ma, L. J Chen, Z. H Chen, Z.J Wu, L.L Zhang, Y.L Zhang","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000200001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of different land uses on soil glycosidase activities (α- and β-glucosidase, α- and β-galactosidase), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and their relationships. Glycosidase activities showed significant differences under different land use types, the highest one was woodland. βglucosidase had the highest activity among the four glycosidases. The activities of these glycosidases decreased with increasing soil depth, being all significantly affected by change of soil depth. Except grassland, the four glycosidase activities intercorrelated each other. Woodland had the highest content of WSOC in the soil depth of 0-20 cm and at increasing soil depth, WSOC content decreased sharply under woodland and grassland. Glycosidase activities had positive and significant relationships with WSOC. Glycosidase activities and WSOC all had significant correlations with soil total organic carbon (TOC) and pH, which were sensitive to different land use types. We found that glycosidase activity indirectly impacts on nutrient recycling and energy flow in soil under different land use types.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"9 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85306960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Effects of liming and nitrogen fertilization on the development of Oenothera affinis in a soil affected by copper mining 石灰和氮肥对受铜矿开采影响的土壤中仿石酒生长的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000200002

V. Muena, I. González, A. Neaman

{"title":"Effects of liming and nitrogen fertilization on the development of Oenothera affinis in a soil affected by copper mining","authors":"V. Muena, I. González, A. Neaman","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000200002","url":null,"abstract":"El valle de Puchuncavi (Chile central) ha sido expuesto a las emisiones aereas provenientes de la fundicion de cobre Ventanas. Actualmente, los suelos en las cercanias de la fundicion presentan una escasa vegetacion, son acidos, deficientes en nitrogeno y contaminados con metales. Para reducir el riesgo ambiental, es necesario remediar estos suelos. La fitoestabilizacion considera el uso de plantas capaces de almacenar los metales en sus estructuras subterraneas, reduciendo asi su movimiento desde el suelo contaminado al aire y al agua. El exito del tratamiento depende de la aplicacion de enmiendas adecuadas que reducen la solubilidad de los metales en los suelos y, a la vez, mejoran sus condiciones para el desarrollo de la planta. Se evaluo el efecto del encalado y la fertilizacion nitrogenada sobre la emergencia de cotiledones, supervivencia, produccion de biomasa y acumulacion de cobre en Oenothera affinis cultivada en un suelo del valle de Puchuncavi bajo condiciones controladas. Oenothera affinis es una hierba perenne nativa, resistente a la sequia, facil de propagar a partir de semillas y que produce una gran cantidad de biomasa. Los suelos presentaron un pH en sal de 4,6 y una concentracion de cobre total de 800 mg kg-1. El encalado disminuyo las concentraciones de Cu y la actividad del Cu+2 en la solucion del suelo, pero no afecto la emergencia de cotiledones. Las plantas no sobrevivieron en los suelos no-encalados, mientras que la supervivencia fue del 100% en los suelos con un pH cercano al neutro. Por otro lado, en los suelos encalados, la fertilizacion nitrogenada no afecto la produccion de biomasa y aumento las concentraciones de cobre tanto en las raices como en los tejidos aereos. Se concluyo que el encalado es suficiente para mejorar las condiciones del suelo para el desarrollo de O. affinis en suelos acidos y contaminados por metales, permitiendo asi la potencial utilizacion de esta especie para la fitoestabilizacion.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"22 1","pages":"102-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79369023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF SOIL UREASE AS AFFECTED BY UREASE INHIBITORS 脲酶抑制剂对土壤脲酶动力学和热力学行为的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100001

Yu Juan, Z. H. Chen, Lijun Chen, Z. Wu, R. Wang, W. T. Sun, Y. Zhang

{"title":"KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF SOIL UREASE AS AFFECTED BY UREASE INHIBITORS","authors":"Yu Juan, Z. H. Chen, Lijun Chen, Z. Wu, R. Wang, W. T. Sun, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000100001","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetic characteristics of soil urease have attracted great attention, but little information was available on its kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors as affected by urease inhibitors and temperature. With black soil (Pachic Udic Mollisol) in Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China as a test soil, an incubation test was conducted to investigate the effect of urease inhibitors (hydroquinone, HQ; phenyl phosphorodiamidate, PPD; N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) on kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of soil urease at 10oC, 20oC and 30°C. The results showed that all tested inhibitors increased Km and decreased Vmax, behaving as mixed inhibitors to soil urease. With increasing temperature, the Km and Vmax values increased significantly. With incubation time, Km decreased, while Vmax significantly increased. Compared with control, treatment HQ decreased soil urease thermodynamic parameters Ea, ΔH, and Q10, but in PPD and NBPT treatments, the parameters increased slightly. The Q10 and ΔH of soil urease decreased slightly with increasing temperature. Among test inhibitors, PPD and NBPT were more effective in influencing the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of urease in black soil. The variations in kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicated that the effects of urease inhibitors on soil urease are greater on kinetic behaviors rather than on thermodynamic ones.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87121507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21