{"title":"A cooperative perception based adaptive signal control under early deployment of connected and automated vehicles","authors":"Wangzhi Li, Tianheng Zhu, Yiheng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Connected vehicle-based adaptive traffic signal control requires certain market penetration rates (MPRs) to be effective, usually exceeding 10%. Cooperative perception based on connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can effectively improve overall data collection efficiency and reduce required MPR. However, the distribution of observed vehicles under cooperative perception is highly skewed and imbalanced, especially under very low CAV MPRs (e.g., 1%). To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning-based adaptive traffic signal control (RL-TSC) method that integrates a traffic flow model, known as the cell transmission model (CTM), denoted as CAVLight. Traffic states estimated from the CTM are integrated with the data collected from the cooperative perception environment to update the states in the CAVLight model. The design of reward function aims for reducing total vehicle delays and stabilizing agent behaviors. Extensive numerical experiments under a real-world intersection with varying traffic demand levels and CAV MPRs are conducted to compare the performance of CAVLight and other benchmark algorithms, including a fixed-time controller, an actuated controller, the max pressure model, and an optimization-based adaptive TSC. Results demonstrate the superiority of CAVLight in performance and generalizability over benchmarks, especially under 1% CAV MPR scenario with high traffic demands. The influence of CTM integration on CAVLight is further explored through RL agent policy visualization and sensitivity analysis in CTM parameters and CAV perception capabilities (i.e., detection range and detection accuracy).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choice-based macroscopic lane-change prediction model for weaving areas","authors":"Mohammad Ali Arman, Chris M.J. Tampère","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces two macroscopic lane change models, separately for small vehicles (passenger cars and vans) as well as heavy vehicles. The model is structured using a Nested Logit discrete choice framework. The model was estimated and validated using unique trajectory data collected from a busy weaving section in Antwerp, Belgium. The models exhibit an average and maximum rate of inaccurate prediction results, amounting to 11% and 16%, respectively. Additionally, the model underestimates the total number of lane change maneuvers, with a margin of no more than 4.1–7.7%. This study aims to fill the gap in macroscopic lane change models, which mainly depend on theoretical underpinnings, by including empirical data from the analysis of more than 31,000 observed maneuvers. Furthermore, it differentiates among three maneuver intents, a unique alternative-specific discrete choice framework. This differentiation allows for the consideration of drivers’ systematic taste variations. In contrast to other models that utilize empirical datasets and are heavily dependent on expensive video-based data, including the entire traffic flow, this study introduces a novel approach for estimating the position and frequency of maneuvers by using just a small fraction (1–2%) of vehicle trajectories, supplemented by loop detector data, therefore eliminating the need for information from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, the work’s uniqueness is its validation methods extending beyond just numerical evaluations. The practical usability and usefulness of the model are shown in real-world traffic circumstances. Finally, the model is integrated in the context of a macroscopic simulation that represents a highly consistent lane balance based on the Scalable Quality Value statistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangsheng Wang , Pengling Wang , Zixuan Zhu , Ruihua Xu , Hanchuan Pan , Nikola Bešinović
{"title":"Robust optimization of train timetables with short-length and full-length services considering uncertain passenger volume and service choice behavior","authors":"Fangsheng Wang , Pengling Wang , Zixuan Zhu , Ruihua Xu , Hanchuan Pan , Nikola Bešinović","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Train timetables with a combination of short-length and full-length services can adapt to spatial and temporal variations in demand. However, with such timetables, some passengers may choose to catch an earlier short-length service and then transfer to a full-length service to reach their destinations rather than waiting for a crowded full-length service. This uncertain service choice behavior frequently occurs, which, however, was not well considered in most studies on demand-oriented timetabling. Therefore, this study presents a robust timetabling approach based on the scenario-based method considering uncertain passenger volumes and service choice behavior for choosing different types of train services. A customized decomposition-based method with an iterative solution procedure is designed to solve the proposed model. In each iteration, a multi-agent-based simulation algorithm is developed to update passengers’ travel utility and the service choice preference proportion based on the previous iteration’s timetabling results. To obtain high-quality solutions in an acceptable computing time, a hybrid “ALNS + GUROBI” algorithm is developed to handle the timetabling problems for large-scale cases. The proposed method optimizes the train timetables for Xi’an Metro Line 3 in China. Our results indicate that the proposed method can account for uncertain passenger volumes and service choice behavior by adjusting the short-length plans and train headways to match the transport capacity to passenger demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Augmented reality safety warnings in roadway work zones: Evaluating the effect of modality on worker reaction times","authors":"Sepehr Sabeti, Fatemeh Banani Ardecani, Omidreza Shoghli","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the aging highway infrastructure requiring extensive rebuilding and enhancements, and the consequent rise in the number of work zones, there is an urgent need to develop advanced safety systems to protect workers. While Augmented Reality (AR) holds significant potential for delivering warnings to workers, its integration into roadway work zones remains relatively unexplored. The primary objective of this study is to improve safety measures within roadway work zones by conducting an extensive analysis of how different combinations of multimodal Augmented Reality (AR) warnings influence the reaction times of workers. This paper addresses this gap through a series of experiments that aim to replicate the distinctive conditions of roadway work zones, both in real-world and virtual reality environments. Our approach comprises three key components: an advanced AR system prototype, a VR simulation of AR functionality within the work zone environment, and the Wizard of Oz technique to synchronize user experiences across experiments. To assess reaction times, we leverage both the simple reaction time (SRT) technique and an innovative vision-based metric that utilizes real-time pose estimation. By conducting five experiments in controlled outdoor work zones and indoor VR settings, our study provides valuable information on how various multimodal AR warnings impact workers reaction times. Furthermore, our findings reveal the disparities in reaction times between VR simulations and real-world scenarios, thereby gauging VR’s capability to mirror the dynamics of roadway work zones. Furthermore, our results substantiate the potential and reliability of vision-based reaction time measurements. These insights resonate well with those derived using the SRT technique, underscoring the viability of this approach for tangible real-world uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A dynamic macroscopic framework for pricing of ride-hailing services with an optional bus lane access for pool vehicles","authors":"Lynn Fayed, Gustav Nilsson, Nikolas Geroliminis","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On-demand trip sharing is an efficient solution to mitigate the negative externalities e-hailing has on traffic in a network. It motivates platform operators to reduce their fleet size and serves the same demand level with a lower effective distance traveled. Users nevertheless prefer to travel solo and for shorter distances, despite the price discount they receive. By offering them the choice to pool and travel in high-occupancy dedicated bus lanes, we provide them with a larger incentive to share their rides, yet this creates additional bus delays. In this work, we develop dynamic feedback-based control policies that regulate pool vehicle access to bus lanes by adjusting the price gap between solo and pool trips, with the aim of improving multi-modal delays and providing better utilization of network capacity. First, we develop a modal- and occupancy-dependent aggregate model for private vehicles, ride-pooling, and buses based on network production, and we use this model to test different control strategies. To minimize the error between the target and actual speeds in the bus network, we design a PI controller and show that by adjusting pool trip fares, we can, with little input data, minimize this error. We also put forward a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework to minimize the total Passenger Hours Traveled (PHT) and Waiting Times (WT) for the different travelers. Moreover, we show how the MPC framework can be utilized to impose a minimum speed in dedicated bus lanes and ensure that buses operate on schedule. The results demonstrate the possibility of improving the overall network conditions by incentivizing or discouraging pooling in the vehicle or bus network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A max pressure algorithm for traffic signals considering pedestrian queues","authors":"Hao Liu , Vikash V. Gayah , Michael W. Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel max-pressure (MP) algorithm that incorporates pedestrian traffic into the MP control architecture. Pedestrians are modeled as being included in one of two groups: those walking on sidewalks and those queued at intersections waiting to cross. Traffic dynamics models for both groups are developed. Under the proposed control policy, the signal timings are determined based on the queue length of both vehicles and pedestrians waiting to cross the intersection. The proposed algorithm maintains the decentralized control structure, and the paper proves that it also exhibits the maximum stability property for both vehicles and pedestrians. Microscopic traffic simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can improve the overall operational efficiency—i.e., reduce person travel delays—under various vehicle demand levels compared to the original queue-based MP (Q-MP) algorithm and a recently developed rule-based MP algorithm considering pedestrians. The Q-MP ignores the yielding behavior of right-turn vehicles to conflicting pedestrian movements, which leads to high delay for vehicles. On the other hand, the delay incurred by pedestrians is high from the rule-based model since it imposes large waiting time tolerance to guarantee the operational efficiency of vehicles. The proposed algorithm outperforms both models since the states of both vehicles and pedestrians are taken into consideration to determine signal timings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shao-Jie Liu , William H.K. Lam , Mei Lam Tam , Hao Fu , H.W. Ho , Wei Ma
{"title":"Network-wide speed–flow estimation considering uncertain traffic conditions and sparse multi-type detectors: A KL divergence-based optimization approach","authors":"Shao-Jie Liu , William H.K. Lam , Mei Lam Tam , Hao Fu , H.W. Ho , Wei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate monitoring and sensing network-wide traffic conditions under uncertainty is vital for addressing urban transportation obstacles and promoting the evolution of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Owing to fluctuations in traffic demand, traffic conditions exhibit stochastic variations by the time of day and day of the year. The joint estimation of stochastic speed and flow is pivotal in ITS, drawing on the symbiotic relationship between these two variables to furnish comprehensive insights into traffic conditions. Nevertheless, constraints such as budgetary limitations and physical boundaries render the coverage of traffic detectors both sparse and inadequate, thereby complicating the precise assessment of network-wide traffic speeds and flows in uncertain scenarios. To address this challenging problem, this paper proposes a novel network-wide traffic speed-flow estimator (SFE) grounded in the Kullback-Leibler divergence optimization method. This SFE harnesses data derived from sparse multi-type detectors, such as point detectors and automatic vehicle identification sensors. Significantly, it leverages the statistical correlation relationships (i.e., covariance matrix) of the speed and flow between observed and unobserved links to estimate stochastic speed and flow on unobserved links (i.e., the links without traffic detectors). In addition, fundamental diagrams, modeling the interdependence between link speeds and flows, are incorporated as constraints in the proposed SFE. This inclusion markedly diminishes discrepancies and elevates estimation precision relative to individual assessments of speeds and flows. Numerical illustrations, encompassing both simulated and real-world road networks, validate the enhanced performance and applicability of the proposed SFE, suggesting its potential role in augmenting data robustness within ITS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An environmentally-aware dynamic planning of electric vehicles for aircraft towing considering stochastic aircraft arrival and departure times","authors":"Simon van Oosterom , Mihaela Mitici","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Introducing electric vehicles that tow aircraft during taxiing is an emerging technology aimed at supporting climate neutrality for aviation. Planning electric towing operations is, however, impeded by the high uncertainty in aircraft arrival and departure times. We address the question of how to plan the operation of a fleet of Electric Towing Vehicles (ETVs) to maximize environmental benefits, given the uncertainty in aircraft arrival/departure times. For this, we propose a stochastic and dynamic planning framework for ETVs, where stochastic aircraft arrival and departure times are updated during the day. With this, the assignment of the ETVs-to-aircraft to replace conventional taxiing, and ETV battery charging times are planned such that the fuel savings are maximized. At the same time, we ensure that aircraft delays induced by the use of ETVs are minimized. We illustrate our framework for a large European airport. The results show that our framework achieves 79.5% of the highest possible cost reduction (fuel and ETV-induced delay), which is obtained when full knowledge of the arrival/departure times is available in advance. Furthermore, we show that considering the uncertainty in the arrival/departure times, rather than using point estimates of these times, leads to a 17.7% additional cost reduction. Overall, our framework supports the implementation of electric aircraft towing with maximum environmental benefits while considering the dynamic, uncertain arrival and departure times of aircraft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24003784/pdfft?md5=537acccdda5fdce76188537c9dde0b89&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24003784-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yitao Yang , Bin Jia , Zhenzhen Yang , Xiao-Yong Yan , Shi-Teng Zheng , Jialin Liu , Dongdong Song , Hao Ji , Ziyou Gao
{"title":"Revealing the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on intercity truck transport: New insights from big data analytics","authors":"Yitao Yang , Bin Jia , Zhenzhen Yang , Xiao-Yong Yan , Shi-Teng Zheng , Jialin Liu , Dongdong Song , Hao Ji , Ziyou Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intercity truck transport emerged as a crucial lifeline for maintaining city operations during COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding pandemic-imposed impacts on intercity truck transport can inform policymakers in crafting more effective strategies for future crises and disruptions. However, to our best knowledge, previous research predominantly focused on freight movements under normal circumstances. Due to the data limitation, the pandemic-related studies commonly relied on freight survey and focused on specific industries, which cannot capture the full spectrum of factors influencing freight trip generation (FTG) during the pandemic. Here, a novel dataset capturing large-scale individual truck movements during the COVID-19 pandemic is provided. By leveraging the mobility dataset, pandemic-induced changes in truck transport demand structure are quantified using spatial statistical methods. Furthermore, an interpretable machine learning framework for intercity freight demand estimation is developed, revealing the complex interplay of factors that influence and shape the behavior shifts of intercity truck transport systems due to the pandemic outbreak. The findings suggest significant changes in various factors influencing intercity truck movements across local and broader regions, emphasizing city-specific challenges amidst pandemic. The developed FTG model could serve as a tool to predict freight demand between cities for future crises and to support policymaking in the practice of freight management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolaj Bläser , Búgvi Benjamin Magnussen , Gabriel Fuentes , Hua Lu , Line Reinhardt
{"title":"MATNEC: AIS data-driven environment-adaptive maritime traffic network construction for realistic route generation","authors":"Nikolaj Bläser , Búgvi Benjamin Magnussen , Gabriel Fuentes , Hua Lu , Line Reinhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the context of the global maritime industry, which plays a vital role in international trade, navigating vessels safely and efficiently remains a complex challenge, especially due to the absence of structured road-like networks on the open seas. This paper proposes <span>MATNEC</span>, a framework for constructing a data-driven Maritime Traffic Network (MTN), represented as a graph that facilitates realistic route generation. Our approach, leveraging Automatic Identification System (AIS) data along with portcall and global coastline datasets, aims to address key challenges in MTN construction from AIS data observed in the literature, particularly the imprecise placement of network nodes and sub-optimal definition of network edges. At the core of <span>MATNEC</span> is a novel incremental clustering algorithm that is capable of intelligently determining the placement and distribution of the graph nodes in a diverse set of environments, based on several environmental factors. To ensure that the resulting MTN generates maritime routes as realistic as possible, we design a novel edge mapping algorithm that defines the edges of the network by treating the mapping of AIS trajectories to network nodes as an optimisation problem. Finally, due to the absence of a unified approach in the literature for measuring the efficacy of an MTN’s ability to generate realistic routes, we propose a novel methodology to address this gap. Utilising our proposed evaluation methodology, we compare <span>MATNEC</span> with existing methods from literature. The outcome of these experiments affirm the enhanced performance of <span>MATNEC</span> compared to previous approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24003747/pdfft?md5=0f93587aa24aa8b2473134b6edb622fa&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24003747-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}