Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies最新文献

{"title":"How simple behavioural modifications can influence evacuation efficiency of crowds: Part 2. Physical movement of individuals","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the context of evacuating crowded spaces during acute crises, every second is pivotal and can be the determinant in life-or-death situations. It is, therefore, important to explore and implement any measures or interventions that could streamline and expedite the evacuation process in such scenarios. This study aims to explore how the modification of individual behaviours can be leveraged to improve the efficiency of crowd evacuations, with a specific focus on the <em>physical</em> aspects of movement. We examine three crucial elements of physical movement: behaviours at bottlenecks, the initiation time of individual movement, and the pace of movement. A series of dedicated experiments, each tailored to one of these behavioural aspects, has been conducted. In these experiments, the behaviour of interest is modified incrementally within the crowd, with increases of 20% at each stage. This methodology allows for a detailed assessment of system efficiency at varying levels of instructed behaviour adoption/injection. The findings reveal that changes in each aspect of physical movement significantly influence overall efficiency. Most notably, the relationship between the uptake and increase in efficiency is nearly linear, and the rate of efficiency increase does not notably diminish with uptake, unlike interventions pertaining decision-making aspects of behaviour. This suggests that behavioural interventions targeting physical aspects of movement will likely yield higher efficiency returns. Moreover, in comparison with a related study focusing on decision-making aspects of evacuation behaviour, this research observes that modifying physical aspects of behaviour is generally more straightforward. The success rates of individuals in implementing physical movement instructions are higher, and the impact on the system is more pronounced than that observed in decision-making modifications. These results provide insights for developing simple, actionable instructions that can be effectively communicated to the public. These instructions can be disseminated as part of training and education programs or even provided on the spot during an evacuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002833/pdfft?md5=e8e16f22bbdbe443f6db6c5e147c2968&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002833-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step Gibbs sampling for the generation of synthetic households","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The generation of synthetic households is challenging due to the necessity of maintaining consistency between the two layers of interest: the household itself, and the individuals composing it. Hence, the problem is typically tackled in two steps, first focusing on the individual layer and then on the household layer. The existing two-step simulation method proposes generating the households based on their roles which diminishes the generality of the approach and makes it difficult to reproduce despite its beneficial properties. In this paper, we propose an alternative extension of Gibbs sampling for generating hierarchical datasets such as synthetic households, in order to make simulation more general and reusable. We demonstrate the performance of our method in a case study based on the 2015 Swiss micro-census data and compare it against state-of-the-art approaches. We show the influence of modeling decisions on different performance metrics and how the analyst can easily enforce consistency while avoiding generating illogical households. We show that the algorithm maintains the conditional distributions while satisfying the marginals of all variables simultaneously, all while generating consistent synthetic households.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002912/pdfft?md5=4bc5446f0b68d223d680306ec50f8b43&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002912-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Self-Organizing connected and autonomous Vehicles: A coalitional game theory approach for cooperative Lane-Changing decisions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research introduces a novel approach to cooperative decision-making among self-organizing connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). In this approach, a coalitional game is played by a group of players who form alliances of different sizes based on the collective payoff they receive. The players continuously evaluate the potential benefits of different coalition formations and adjust their decisions accordingly. The proposed approach utilizes the V2V communication feature of CAVs, which enables CAVs to participate in a cooperative game, thereby resolving conflicting situations that often arise during lane-changing decisions. By working together within the same coalition, CAVs on a hypothetical three-lane freeway segment can collectively determine their target lanes, rather than engaging in individual decision-making that could result in a win-lose situation. The proposed approach considers up to nine CAVs interacting with each other and aims to find Pareto-optimal coalitions in lane-changing decisions. The approach considers lead CAVs that cooperate via acceleration to enlarge the gap between the subject and lead CAVs. The game is modelled as a dynamic transferable utility problem, allowing the utilities obtained from the coalition agreement to be expressed as real numbers and distributed among coalition members. The framework is generalizable to other traffic and demand management problems while the cooperative CAVs can be compensated for reaching an agreement in a universal, collectible, and tradable credit scheme (UCTCS) that can be used in a wide spectrum of traffic and demand management applications. The effects of the proposed coalitional lane-changing decision-making on traffic efficiency are compared to a non-cooperative decision-making model on a simulated road segment. Overall, our analysis suggests that the proposed coalitional approach can positively impact macroscopic traffic characteristics, leading to potentially improved traffic flow, reduced congestion, and enhanced travel time efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24003103/pdfft?md5=d775ce7681bac88754bedb100ac836e8&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24003103-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoothing-MP: A novel max-pressure signal control considering signal coordination to smooth traffic in urban networks","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decentralized traffic signal control methods, such as max-pressure (MP) control or back-pressure (BP) control, have gained increasing attention in recent years. MP control, in particular, boasts mathematically-proven network throughput properties, enabling it to optimize network throughput and stabilize vehicle queue lengths whenever possible. Urban traffic volume is dynamic and features a non-uniform distribution throughout the network. Specifically, heavier traffic is often observed along arterial corridors or major origin–destination streams, such as those in central business districts (CBD), while less traffic is found on sub-arterial roads. To address these issues, many existing signal plans incorporate coordinated signal timing. Numerous previous studies have formulated signal coordination optimization as mixed-integer programming problems, with most belonging to centralized traffic signal controller categories. However, centralized approaches do not scale well to larger city networks. In this paper, we introduce a novel max-pressure signal control approach called Smoothing-MP, which considers signal coordination in urban networks to achieve both maximum vehicle stability and reduced travel time and delay along specific urban corridors, without altering the original stable region proposed by Varaiya (2013). This study represents a pioneering effort in modifying max-pressure control to incorporate signal coordination. Crucially, this policy retains the decentralized characteristic of the original max-pressure control, relying exclusively on local information sourced from upstream and downstream intersections. To evaluate the proposed Smoothing-MP control, we executed simulation studies on two different types of networks, the Downtown Austin Network and a Grid Network. The results unequivocally show that Smoothing-MP matches the maximum throughput of the original MP control. Moreover, it significantly reduces both travel time and delay along coordinated corridors. This dual accomplishment underscores the efficacy and potential advantages of the Smoothing-MP control approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep neural networks for choice analysis: Enhancing behavioral regularity with gradient regularization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been increasingly applied in travel demand modeling because of their automatic feature learning, high predictive performance, and economic interpretability. Nevertheless, DNNs frequently present behaviorally irregular patterns, significantly limiting their practical potentials and theoretical validity in travel behavior modeling. This study proposes strong and weak behavioral regularities as novel metrics to evaluate the monotonicity of individual demand functions (known as the “law of demand”), and further designs a constrained optimization framework with six gradient regularizers to enhance DNNs’ behavioral regularity. The empirical benefits of this framework are illustrated by applying these regularizers to travel survey data from Chicago and London, which enables us to examine the trade-off between predictive power and behavioral regularity for large versus small sample scenarios and in-domain versus out-of-domain generalizations. The results demonstrate that, unlike models with strong behavioral foundations such as the multinomial logit, the benchmark DNNs cannot guarantee behavioral regularity. However, after applying gradient regularization, we increase DNNs’ behavioral regularity by around 6 percentage points while retaining their relatively high predictive power. In the small sample scenario, gradient regularization is more effective than in the large sample scenario, simultaneously improving behavioral regularity by about 20 percentage points and log-likelihood by around 1.7%. Compared with the in-domain generalization of DNNs, gradient regularization works more effectively in out-of-domain generalization: it drastically improves the behavioral regularity of poorly performing benchmark DNNs by around 65 percentage points, highlighting the criticality of behavioral regularization for improving model transferability and applications in forecasting. Moreover, the proposed optimization framework is applicable to other neural network–based choice models such as TasteNets. Future studies could use behavioral regularity as a metric along with log-likelihood, prediction accuracy, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> score when evaluating travel demand models, and investigate other methods to further enhance behavioral regularity when adopting complex machine learning models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative adaptable lanes for safer shared space and improved mixed-traffic flow","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid increase in the percentage of the world’s population living in cities, the design of existing transportation infrastructure requires serious consideration. Current road networks, especially in large cities, face acute pressures due to increased demand for vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. Although much attention has been given to improve traffic management and accommodate the increased demand via coordinating and optimizing traffic signals, research focused on adapting the static allocation of street spaces and right-of-way dynamically based on mixed traffic flow is still scarce. This paper proposes a multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) agent approach that cooperatively adapts the individual lane widths and right-of-way access permissions based on real-world mixed traffic flow. In particular, multiple cooperative agents are trained with mixed temporal data that learn to decide suitable lane widths for motorized vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians, along with whether co-sharing space between pedestrians and cyclists is safe. Using a microscopic traffic simulator model of a four-legged intersection, we trained our RL agent on synthetic data, and tested it on realistic multi-modal traffic data. The proposed approach reduces the overall average waiting time and queue length by 48.9% and 37.7%, respectively, compared to the Static (baseline) street design. Additionally, we observe CALM’s ability to gradually adjust lane widths, contrasting with the Heuristic implementation’s erratic lane adjustments, which pose potential safety concerns. Notably, the model learns to adaptively toggle the co-sharing of street space between cyclists and pedestrians as one co-shared lane, ensuring comfort and maintaining the level of service according to the designer’s policy. Finally, we demonstrate CALM’s scalability on a simulated large-scale traffic network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002699/pdfft?md5=0aaec1c82bf715d282484d2b744877db&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002699-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission trading scheme for emission reduction and equity promotion in multimode networks with heterogeneous users","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution caused by high transport-related emissions is already a serious problem, whereas user heterogeneity results in most of the existing emission reduction instruments cannot being applied in practice, despite reducing social inequity. In this paper, we propose an emission trading scheme (ETS) based on a dual-market mechanism in a multimode network with heterogeneous users in value of time (VOT), in order to primarily achieve the objective of emission reduction while taking equity promotion into account. Specifically, emission permits are issued in the primary market and travelers trade permits freely in the secondary market by bearing transaction cost which are assumed to be asymmetrically split between buyers and sellers. The High-Occupancy-Vehicle-based cyclic carbon emission permit (HOV-based CCEP) scheme is applied in the ETS as permit charges to better achieve the objectives. Unlike the previous studies of charging scheme, the compensatory permit rates in our model could be charged from private car (PC) passengers, waived for customized bus (CB) passengers and subsidized for public transit (PT) passengers. The market trading processes considering transaction cost and travel choice behaviors are formulated as a variational inequality problem (VIP). The multimode equilibrium solution of which is obtained by developing a relaxation algorithm with a multi-round iteration strategy. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments based on Braess and Sioux Falls networks to demonstrate the merits of the proposed model and reveal the results that highlight the importance of ETS and multiple public transport modes in the heterogeneous system for emission reduction and equity promotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement behaviour of pedestrians in knife-based terrorist attacks: An experimental approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Terrorist attacks have become both more frequent and deadlier in recent decades. Knife attacks by terrorists in particular are both high impact and relatively frequent. Understanding how individuals move when confronted by an attacker can save lives by informing the planning of transportation hubs, entertainment venues and other spaces where large numbers of people congregate. Using pedestrian dynamics to predict responses to such attacks has the potential to further improve the survival of those involved by providing insights to emergency service responders when a terrorist situation has occurred in a crowded venue. However, given the lack of appropriate data, it is currently impossible to accurately predict pedestrian movement responses to terrorist attacks. This paper describes a practical study that developed a methodology and implemented a set of experiments examining responses to knife-based attacks by an unexpected and hostile individual. The experiments used financial incentives and an ‘aggressor’ to recreate a knife-based terrorist attack in an ethically viable setting. The participants of this study (n = 80) were tracked using ultra wide-band sensors to provide temporal and spatial positional data in relation to the attacker and to each other. Participants subsequently completed a questionnaire to report their psychological response during the experiment, thus allowing psychological perception and movement responses to be compared.</p><p>The results show that participants were stressed and reported fear during the experiment, indicating that the experimental approach is a potentially valid proxy for a real-life attack. The analysis highlights that participants’ decisions to stay or run away were strongly influenced by the actions of other nearby participants, while participants’ continuous movement response (movement speed) was highly dependent on relative position to the aggressor. Participant demographics were a factor with female participants less likely to move and slower moving, while older participants were also slower moving. From these results we have been able to construct a model of how pedestrians may react when faced with a sudden attack. We discuss our findings and their potential to contribute to emergency planning and response, finally we comment on opportunities for further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24003115/pdfft?md5=088a6dfdb84185c368dea0d531ec5d6c&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24003115-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The service network design problem with fleet and emissions management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose the Service Network Design Problem with Fleet and Emissions Management (SND-FEM). This problem considers fleet management decisions regarding how many vehicles of each type (diesel, electric, hydrogen) a carrier should acquire as well as in what regions they should operate. The impact of these fleet-level decisions on customer service is captured by explicitly modeling the routing of shipments and vehicles while recognizing the consumption of limited onboard resources (diesel fuel, electrical energy, hydrogen). Thus, the problem also prescribes resource replenishment decisions, with an explicit recognition that the emissions and costs associated with resource replenishment can vary by region. The environmental impact of problem decisions is captured with a detailed accounting of Well-to-Wheel (WtW) emissions based on the framework proposed by the Global Logistics Emissions Council, a methodology that has become the industry standard. We propose a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation of the problem and consider two objectives: (i) transportation cost, and (ii) WtW emissions. With a case study based on carefully collected data from government and industry sources, we elaborate the potential of including novel power-train technologies in heavy-duty truck fleets to reduce both cost and emissions-based fleet performance measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002900/pdfft?md5=7373b40f2f5ec3fe8afd900761a4b896&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002900-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven timetable design and passenger flow control optimization in metro lines","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As travel demands in metro systems continue to grow rapidly, the mismatch between passenger demand and metro capacity has become a critical challenge in metro operations. To address this issue, this paper investigates the collaborative optimization of train timetables and station-based passenger flow control under stochastic demand, which aims to minimize the total system cost while ensuring an adequate service level to each station. We formulate the research problem as a stochastic mixed-integer programming model with expected travel time cost constraints for each station and translate it into a multi-objective attainability problem by imposing a target on the objective value. We develop an efficient operation policy that determines the timetable and flow control decisions in response to each demand scenario, satisfying the objective and service level targets in the long term when feasible. We conduct extensive numerical experiments on both synthetic and real-world transit data to evaluate the performance of our approach. The results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the benchmark first-come-first-served policy in terms of efficiency and service fairness under both exogenous and endogenous demand distributions. The improvement achieved by our approach is attributed to the prioritization of short trips over long ones, effectively exploiting the reusable nature of train capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002821/pdfft?md5=628448b223f09cfc590d1d47e8df00e3&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002821-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}