Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Modeling an on-demand meal delivery system with human couriers and autonomous vehicles in a spatial market","authors":"Anke Ye ,&nbsp;Kenan Zhang ,&nbsp;Michael G.H. Bell ,&nbsp;Xiqun (Michael) Chen ,&nbsp;Simon Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impacts of introducing autonomous vehicles (AVs) into an on-demand meal delivery system at a strategic level. The proposed model consists of (i) a microscopic physical model describing the delivery process for bundled orders and (ii) a macroscopic network equilibrium model characterizing the interactions among customers, human couriers (HCs), and AVs, as well as couriers’ repositioning behaviors in the market. A tailored algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multiplier (ADMM) is developed to solve the platform’s optimal pricing and maximize its profit. To investigate the impact of AV operations, we test three AV distribution rules, i.e., distributing AVs evenly in the space (Rule 0), proportional to demand (Rule 1), and inversely proportional to demand (Rule 2). The numerical experiments show that Rule 2 archives the maximum platform profit, along with the highest service throughput and the hourly earning rate of HCs. Nevertheless, the numerical experiments adopting the parameters calibrated by current market conditions show that the employment of AVs does not show significant benefits to the platform or other stakeholders. It can only generate a higher platform profit when the AV operation cost is lower than HCs’ hourly earnings in a purely labor-based MDS system. As the AV fleet size expands, the improvement of service quality is rather minor meanwhile the hourly earning of HCs drops substantially.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104723"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Offline planning and online operation of zonal-based flexible transit service under demand uncertainties and dynamic cancellations","authors":"Manzi Li ,&nbsp;Enoch Lee ,&nbsp;Hong K. Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for planning and operating a zonal-based flexible transit (FT) service, a public transit mode designed to accommodate uncertain demand patterns. The framework addresses both offline planning based on stochastic demand distributions and cancellations, as well as online routing considering real-time orders and cancellation behaviour. Offline interzonal route planning is formulated as a two-stage recourse problem, while the intrazonal routing problem is modelled using a Markov decision process (MDP) that incorporates online information. To solve the problem, a service reliability-based decomposition method is employed to divide the problem into three mixed-integer subproblems. The first subproblem focuses on designing interzonal routes up to a specific demand level, taking into account a designated cancellation probability as determined by reliability measures. An insertion heuristic is developed for this subproblem to improve the solution efficiency. The second subproblem allocates passengers from certain categories to vehicles based on the passenger volume designated by reliability measures. Lastly, the third subproblem refines the vehicle intrazonal route according to the passenger assignment from the previous subproblem. The reliability measures are optimised iteratively until no further improvements are observed in consecutive iterations. The proposed FT service’s performance is evaluated using numerical simulations based on real New York City (NYC) taxi demand data, illustrating the effectiveness of the integrated planning and operational approach in accommodating uncertainties in on-demand transit systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104715"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling residual-vehicle effects on uncertainty estimation of the connected vehicle penetration rate","authors":"Shaocheng Jia ,&nbsp;S.C. Wong ,&nbsp;Wai Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the transition to full deployment of connected vehicles (CVs), the CV penetration rate plays a key role in bridging the gap between partial and complete traffic information. Several innovative methods have been proposed to estimate the CV penetration rate using only CV data. However, these methods, as point estimators, may lead to biased estimations or suboptimal solutions when applied directly in modeling or system optimization. To avoid these problems, the uncertainty and variability in the CV penetration rate must be considered. Recently, a probabilistic penetration rate (PPR) model was developed for estimating such uncertainties. The key model input is a constrained queue length distribution composed exclusively of queues formed by red signals in undersaturation conditions with no residual vehicles. However, in real-world scenarios, due to random arrivals, residual vehicles are commonly carried over from one cycle to another in temporary overflow cycles in undersaturation conditions, which seriously restricts the applicability of the PPR model. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a Markov-constrained queue length (MCQL) model that can model the complex effects of residual vehicles on the CV penetration rate uncertainty. A constrained queue with residual vehicles is decomposed into four vehicle groups: observable constrained residual vehicles, unobservable constrained residual vehicles, unconstrained residual vehicles, and new arrivals. Although the first vehicle group is observable in the former cycle, the focus of this work is to model the residual vehicles from the second and third vehicle groups in combination with the new arrivals. The MCQL model includes four sub-models, namely, the residual-vehicle model, convolutional constrained queue model, constrained residual queue model, and observable residual queue model, to isolate and derive the distribution of the constrained vehicle set formed by the three latter vehicle groups. This distribution is then substituted into the PPR model to estimate the uncertainty. Comprehensive VISSIM simulations and applications to real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed MCQL model can accurately model the residual-vehicle effect and estimate the uncertainty. Thus, the applicability of the PPR model is truly extended to real-world settings, regardless of the presence of residual vehicles. A simple stochastic CV-based adaptive signal control example illustrates the potential of the proposed model in real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104825"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of mixed fixed-flexible bus public transport networks by tracking the paths of on-demand vehicles","authors":"Andres Fielbaum ,&nbsp;Javier Alonso-Mora","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On-demand ridepooling (ODRP) vehicles follow routes that are fully flexible. However, when the system does not provide door-to-door service and users can be asked to walk, their paths tend to concentrate, particularly along main streets that connect highly demanded areas of the city. These frequently travelled segments are hence useful to multiple passengers, which can be used as an indicator that it would be efficient to allocate a fixed public transport line there.</div><div>In this paper, we formalise this idea and propose a novel method to design a public transport network, where bus fixed lines are combined with ODRP. Given a network and a transport demand, we first simulate how to serve it using only ODRP with walking. For this, we employ a state-of-the-art assignment algorithm, and take as output the resulting users’ paths. These paths are then processed by a tailored algorithm to create fixed lines where the paths accumulate the most. Users who do not have an available fixed line (i.e., those whose paths were barely shared) are served by ODRP in the mixed system. Simulations using real-life data from Utrecht, The Netherlands, and the Sunshine Coast, Australia, reveal the merits of our method compared to several benchmarks. Crucially, our method builds a small number of fixed lines while still serving the majority of the demand through them.</div><div>This study contributes not only to the design of public transport networks, but also to the understanding of the patterns that naturally appear in intrinsically flexible mobility systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104580"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-MP: A network-state-based Max Pressure algorithm incorporating regional perimeter control","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Vikash V. Gayah","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Max Pressure (MP) framework has been shown to be an effective real-time decentralized traffic signal control algorithm. However, despite its superior performance and desirable features – such as the maximum stability property – it may still suffer from deterioration in network mobility due to the rise of congestion within specific regions of an urban traffic network. To address this drawback and further improve the performance of MP control in urban networks, this paper proposes a novel MP algorithm that incorporates regional traffic states into the MP framework. The proposed model – called N-MP – simultaneously integrates perimeter metering control at the boundary of regions of a network to be protected with traditional local intersection control. The proposed model is the first to incorporate perimeter metering control fully within a decentralized signal control environment and inherits the maximum stability property. In addition, it does not require extra traffic state measurements compared to the original MP algorithms, beyond a measure of congestion within the protected region of the network. Microscopic traffic simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can outperform two baseline perimeter control models – Bang–Bang control and feedback gating – under various traffic conditions. More interestingly, this superiority is maintained in both fully and partially connected environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104725"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing platooning systems of connected and automated vehicles with guaranteed stability and robustness against degradation due to communication disruption","authors":"Yuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Qu ,&nbsp;Shen Li ,&nbsp;Bin Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Connected and automated vehicle platooning systems like cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) have shown great potential on improving traffic performance with a shortened time gap through advanced sensing and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication technologies. However, V2V communication is not always reliable in realistic traffic conditions. When V2V communication is disrupted, the degradation of the CACC vehicle will occur due to the loss of feedforward information from the preceding vehicle, and thus the affected vehicle has to switch its control from CACC to adaptive cruise control (ACC) mode. In this study, we propose a novel platooning system with guaranteed stability and robustness against degradation due to communication disruption, in which the linear controllers of ACC and CACC modes are jointly formulated in a unified control framework. With such a proposed platooning system, a relatively small time gap is required for ensuring local and string stability of the two modes to enable robustness against degradation, compared with that of the state-of-the-art platooning systems. To expand the application in practical scenarios, we further develop the delay-robust controllers of ACC and CACC modes based on the delay compensating policy and Smith predictor to maintain better stability and robustness of the proposed platooning system with information delays. Moreover, the sufficient conditions of local stability and string stability in the frequency domain are derived based on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and Laplace transform, respectively, for the proposed platooning system in normal and delay-robust ACC and CACC modes. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the mathematical proofs of stability analysis and the performance of the proposed platooning system on stability and safety aspects compared with the baseline platooning system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104768"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Autonomous Modular Public Transit service","authors":"Xi Cheng ,&nbsp;Yu (Marco) Nie ,&nbsp;Jane Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present a proof-of-concept investigation of Autonomous Modular Public Transit (AMPT) at a network scale and compare it with the traditional fixed-route, fixed-vehicle size transit service in terms of total cost, which consists of both agency’s capital and operational cost (including energy cost) and passenger time cost. We formulate and solve stylized design models for AMPT on a grid network in a range of demand density scenarios with both homogenous and heterogeneous distributions. The AMPT models explicitly account for pod joining and disjoining (and therefore en-route transfers of passengers) and potential energy savings due to pod train formation (pod platooning), which represent major departures from the traditional transit models in the literature. Numerical results find that AMPT, if designed properly, may save the total cost compared to traditional transit systems thanks to demand responsive pod train capacity, particularly in the low demand scenarios. The cost savings of AMPT are largely attributed to passenger time saving by en-route transfer; the agency cost of AMPT has a mixed picture. The load factor of AMPT generally improves over the traditional transit service. We also show how key parameter values may affect the AMPT costs through sensitivity analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104746"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redesigning large-scale multimodal transit networks with shared autonomous mobility services","authors":"Max T.M. Ng ,&nbsp;Hani S. Mahmassani ,&nbsp;Ömer Verbas ,&nbsp;Taner Cokyasar ,&nbsp;Roman Engelhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses a large-scale multimodal transit network design problem, with Shared Autonomous Mobility Services (SAMS) as both transit feeders and an origin-to-destination mode. The framework captures spatial demand and modal characteristics, considers intermodal transfers and express services, determines transit infrastructure investment and path flows, and generates transit routes. A system-optimal multimodal transit network is designed with minimum total door-to-door generalized costs of users and operators, satisfying transit origin–destination demand within a pre-set infrastructure budget. Firstly, the geography, demand, and modes in each zone are characterized with continuous approximation. The decisions of network link investment and multimodal path flows in zonal connection optimization are formulated as a minimum-cost multi-commodity network flow (MCNF) problem and solved efficiently with a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) solver. Subsequently, the route generation problem is solved by expanding the MCNF formulation to minimize intramodal transfers. The model is illustrated through a set of experiments with the Chicago network comprised of 50 zones and seven modes, under three scenarios. The computational results present savings in traveler journey time and operator cost demonstrating the potential benefits of collaboration between multimodal transit systems and SAMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104575"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-sided equilibrium model of Vehicle-to-Vehicle charging platform","authors":"Xuekai Cen ,&nbsp;Kanghui Ren ,&nbsp;Enoch Lee ,&nbsp;Hong K. Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel mobile charging service utilizing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging technology has been proposed as a complement to fixed charging infrastructure (CI), enabling electric vehicles (EVs) to exchange electricity. This study develops a two-sided equilibrium model for a V2V charging platform, where the demand-side charging vehicles (CVs) choose between charging piles and the V2V platform, and the supple-side discharging vehicles (DVs) decide whether to provide discharging services. The V2V platform matches CVs with DVs, receiving compensation from CV owners and reimbursing DV owners. To explore the strategic interactions between the V2V platform and fixed CI operators, we construct an analytical bi-level model that examines different operation regimes, including competitive and cooperative scenarios, i.e., non-cooperative game and Nash Bargaining game. The lower-level model is a two-sided equilibrium model that quantifies charging and discharging choices of EV owners, while the upper-level model optimizes the pricing decisions of the V2V platform and fixed CI operator. Numerical results indicate that the introduction of the V2V platform can reduce the overall charging costs, thus encourage the use of public charging services. Furthermore, it is suggested that the V2V platform be managed by independent enterprises, rather than existing fixed CI operators, to promote the EVs at relatively low charging costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104821"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A seamless bus network without external transfers using autonomous modular vehicles","authors":"Zaid Saeed Khan,&nbsp;Mónica Menéndez","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, autonomous modular vehicles (AMVs) capable of enabling in-motion transfer (IMT), i.e. passengers moving between vehicles while the vehicles are traveling, have been developed. IMT allows new paradigms for public transport operations that can enhance the speed, flexibility, and reliability of the system. We leverage IMT technology to propose the first network-wide seamless, stop-less bus service concept. We recently introduced the concept of a Stop-Less Autonomous Modular (SLAM) bus service, which eliminates the need for passengers to stop at each bus stop while traveling along a bus line. The current work extends this paradigm to the network level by developing a bus service framework in which multiple SLAM bus lines operating on main arterials interact by exchanging pods among each other to provide passengers with a travel experience that not only eliminates most extra passenger stops within a single line, but also eliminates external transfers, i.e. it removes the need to disembark at a bus stop to change buses when transferring from one bus line to another. The result is a high-speed service that provides a completely seamless journey from the passenger’s origin stop to destination stop anywhere in the coverage area, with integrated (i.e. internal) transfers that take place inside the vehicles themselves while they are in-motion. Our results show that while the proposed service has more stringent operating requirements than a comparable conventional bus service, it provides significantly superior performance, reducing passengers’ travel cost by up to 35% under realistic system settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104822"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}