Wilson Journal Of Ornithology最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidative damage in muscle tissue of tropical birds","authors":"A. G. Jiménez, Clara Cooper-Mullin","doi":"10.1676/21-00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tropical birds are usually placed in the “slow” end of the life-history continuum, and much of their physiology matches the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. For example, they demonstrate lower whole-animal basal metabolic rates (BMR) and peak metabolic rates (PMR) compared with temperate birds, and at the cell level, tropical birds also have lower rates of oxygen consumption. Oxidative stress, a by-product of aerobic respiration, has yet to be fully elucidated to be linked to life-history theory. However, previous work suggests that tropical birds may have superior antioxidant capacity to birds that live in temperate areas. In the current study, we used muscle tissue from 35 species of tropical birds to measure total antioxidant capacity (hydroxyl scavenging capacity and peroxyl scavenging capacity), the activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid damage (LPO). We correlated these measurements to body mass and found a significantly negative correlation between body mass and LPO and a marginally significant negative correlation with hydroxyl scavenging capacity. Interestingly, we also correlated our measurements to literature reported BMR measurements from 22 species included in our study and found no correlations. A negative correlation between body mass and LPO damage may be due to cellular muscle structure and mitochondrial content and structure within the muscle. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las aves tropicales generalmente se ubican en el extremo “lento” del continuo de la historia de vida, y gran parte de su fisiología coincide con el equilibrio entre la vida útil y la reproducción. Por ejemplo, las aves demuestran tasas metabólicas basales (BMR) y tasas metabólicas máximas (PMR) de animal completo más bajas en comparación con las aves de clima templado y, a nivel celular, las aves tropicales también tienen tasas más bajas de consumo de oxígeno. El estrés oxidativo, un subproducto de la respiración aeróbica, aún no se ha dilucidado por completo para vincularlo a la teoría de la historia de vida. Sin embargo, trabajos previos sugieren que las aves tropicales pueden tener una capacidad antioxidante superior a las aves que viven en áreas templadas. En este estudio, utilizamos tejido muscular de 35 especies de aves tropicales para medir su capacidad antioxidante total (capacidad de captación de hidroxilo y capacidad de captación de peroxilo), la actividad de la enzima antioxidante catalasa (CAT), la superóxido dismutasa (SOD), la glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) y el daño de lípidos (LPO). Correlacionamos estas mediciones con la masa corporal y encontramos una correlación significativamente negativa entre la masa corporal y la LPO, y una correlación negativa marginalmente significativa con la capacidad de captación de hidroxilo. Curiosamente, también correlacionamos nuestras mediciones con mediciones de BMR encontradas en la literatura para 22 especies incluidas en nue","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"531 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41706497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ancient Thick-billed Parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) from southeastern New Mexico with a review of archaeological occurrences in the American Southwest","authors":"J. Moretti","doi":"10.1676/21-00078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00078","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeological sites in the American Southwest contain the remains of parrots and macaws (Psittacidae). The extant geographic distribution of those species lies to the south in Mexico and Central America. As a result, the archaeological occurrence of psittacids in the American Southwest has been interpreted as the product of long-distance cultural interactions with Mesoamerica. However, unlike the tropical ecology of other species found in Southwestern sites, Thick-billed Parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) are pinecone specialists inhabiting high-elevation conifer forests. The ecology and natural history of this species suggests that archaeological Thick-billed Parrots could have been obtained from naturally occurring populations within the American Southwest. Here, I document a new record of a Thick-billed Parrot from the Bonnell site in New Mexico and describe osteological features capable of distinguishing this species from other psittacids. I then review the archaeological record in order to explore hypotheses regarding the regional vs. extra-regional procurement of Thick-billed Parrots by Southwestern cultures. Skeletal remains of Thick-billed Parrots are known from 10 archaeological sites in Arizona and New Mexico dating to ∼600–1400 C.E. Sites with Thick-billed Parrots are located within or nearby montane conifer forest and/or the inhabitants of those sites engaged in economic and subsistence activities that connected them to regional montane forests. The climatic context at some sites suggests that the utilization of forest resources by past peoples coincided with potential periods of good pinecone crop production. In the 20th century, historical and reintroduced parrot flocks visited many of the same forests, demonstrating the capacity of those habitats to support Thick-billed Parrots. The relationship between archaeological Thick-billed Parrots and viable habitats supports a model of regional procurement. Thick-billed Parrots were likely present in the American Southwest, at least seasonally, throughout the late Holocene, a finding with implications for the conservation of this critically endangered species. RESUMEN (Spanish) Los sitios arqueológicos del suroeste norteamericano contienen restos de loros y guacamayas (Psittacidae). Las distribuciones remanentes de estas especies se ubican en el sur, en México y Centroamérica. Por ello, la presencia arqueológica de psitácidos en el suroeste norteamericano se ha interpretado como producto de interacciones culturales de larga distancia con Mesoamérica. Sin embargo, a diferencia de la ecología tropical de otras especies encontradas en sitios del suroeste, las cotorras serranas occidentales (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) son especialistas en conos de pinos que se encuentran en bosques de coníferas a grandes elevaciones. La ecología y la historia natural de esta especie sugiere que las cotorras serranas arqueológicas podrían haber sido obtenidas de poblaciones presentes naturalmente e","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"438 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48200774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Untenables and clarifications about Accipiter migration, resurgence in urban habitats, and prey preferences in North America","authors":"R. Rosenfield, D. Grosshuesch, A. C. Stewart, William E. Stout, Timothy G. Driscoll, John P. Seibel","doi":"10.1676/21-00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We discuss select imprecise and untenable natural history information about migration, urban habitat use, and diet presented in the technical literature about Accipiter hawks in North America. We focus primarily on challenging the claim that Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) are more frequent predators of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) than are Cooper's Hawks (A. cooperii). We urge scientists to be cognizant of the ever-changing dynamics of the predatory behavior, nesting, and migration ecology of Sharp-shinned and Cooper's hawks due to anthropogenic factors, features that are in constant flux and may not be well tracked long term or apply to the entire distributional ranges of these 2 species. RESUMEN (Spanish) Discutimos acerca de informaciones de historia natural imprecisa e insostenible acerca de la migración, del uso de hábitat urbano y la dieta presentada en la literatura técnica sobre gavilanes Accipiter en América del Norte. Principalmente nos enfocamos en cuestionar la afirmación de que el gavilán americano (Accipiter striatus) es un depredador más frecuente de gorrión común (Passer domesticus) que del gavilán de Cooper (A. cooperii). Exhortamos a los científicos a reconocer las dinámicas siempre cambiantes de comportamientos de depredación, anidamiento y ecología migratoria del gavilán americano y del gavilán de Cooper debido a factores antropogénicos, aspectos que están en flujo constante y podrían no tener buen seguimiento a largo plazo o no aplicar al rango de distribución completo de esas especies. Palabras clave: depredación, dieta, gorrión común, migración, urbanización.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"560 - 565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Song repertoires, song type sharing, and sharing of preferred song transitions in male Bachman's Sparrows (Peucaea aestivalis)","authors":"J. Soha, Joseph M. Niederhauser, Rindy C. Anderson","doi":"10.1676/22-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00015","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bachman's Sparrows (Peucaea aestivalis) have unusually large song repertoires for New World sparrows. Answering questions about their function, evolution, and development requires thorough description of these repertoires in multiple populations. Here, we quantified repertoire size, song type sharing, and sequence sharing—specifically, the sharing of preferred song type transitions—of primary songs within each of 2 populations of Bachman's Sparrows at northeastern and southeastern ends of the species' breeding range. We recorded 20 males in southern North Carolina (NC) and 18 males in eastern Florida (FL). Individual repertoire size had a mean of 48–49 song types in both populations. Within each population, males shared many song types, with 80% repertoire overlap between any 2 males in NC and 49% in FL. This within-population song sharing was independent of distance between males' territories. The sequence in which males sang song types was neither stereotyped nor random, and within each population, preferred song transitions were shared by all (NC) or most (FL) pairs of males. The sharing of preferred song transitions was also not correlated with the distance between territories, suggesting that birds do not adjust repertoires or song sequences in adulthood to match more closely those of territory neighbors. The function and ontogeny of the repertoire features documented here in Bachman's Sparrows—large repertoires with high sharing of both song types and preferred song transitions—invite further study. RESUMEN (Spanish) Los gorriones Peucaea aestivalis tienen repertorios de canto inusualmente grandes entre los gorriones del Nuevo Mundo. La respuesta a preguntas sobre su función, evolución y desarrollo requiere descripciones completas de dichos repertorios en múltiples poblaciones. Aquí cuantificamos el tamaño del repertorio, intercambio de tipos de canto y secuencias —en específico, el intercambio de transiciones de tipos de canto preferidas— de cantos primarios al interior de 2 poblaciones de este gorrión en los extremos noreste y sureste del rango reproductivo de esta especie. Grabamos 20 machos en North Carolina (NC) y 18 machos en el este de Florida (FL). El tamaño promedio del repertorio fue de 48–49 tipos de canto en ambas poblaciones. Dentro de cada población, los machos compartieron muchos tipos de canto, con 80% de traslape de repertorios en cualquiera de 2 machos en NC y 49% en FL. Estos cantos compartidos al interior de la población fue independiente de la distancia entre territorios de los machos. La secuencia en la que los machos cantaron los diferentes tipos de canto no fue estereotipado o aleatorio, y al interior de cada población, las transiciones preferidas de canto fueron compartidas por todos (NC) o la mayoría (FL) de los pares de machos. Las transiciones de cantos preferidas tampoco estuvieron correlacionadas con la distancia entre territorios, lo que sugiere que las aves no ajustan sus repertorios o secuencias de ","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"495 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43040201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanization does not affect basal metabolic rate in Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens)","authors":"H. Ellis, V. Ellis, R. Bowman","doi":"10.1676/21-00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) is a cooperative-breeding species endemic to Florida. It is currently listed as threatened and continues to decline throughout its range, largely as a result of habitat loss and degradation. A previous study demonstrated that daily energy expenditure (DEE) as a multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) in this species is increased greatly among males during the breeding season in an urbanized site. However, whether BMR itself varies between urbanized and wildland habitats needs to be established. We measured BMR in Florida Scrub-Jays over several years and seasons in both habitats to better understand the possible effect of urbanization on their energetics. We developed a thermoregulatory profile for the species, determining both BMR and thermal conductance. BMR did not vary between the 2 habitats, even when restricting the dataset to a single year and season to remove confounding variables. As expected, circadian period affected BMR, with mean nighttime (ρ) measurements (1.726 mL O2/g·h) lower than mean daytime (α) measurements (2.016 mL O2/g·h). Mean BMR for the daytime and nighttime was 1.871 mL O2/g·h, which is close to that expected for a passerine bird of 68.9 g mean mass. Daytime thermal conductance (C) was 14.5–18.6% higher than expected and the lower end (Tl) of the thermal neutral zone (TNZ) was 24 °C; we chose not to measure the upper limit of TNZ in this threatened species, but TNZ does extend at least to 36 °C. Florida Scrub-Jays appear to be adapted to the warm climate in which they are found. Despite previous research demonstrating that anthropogenic habitat modification results in increased DEE in Florida Scrub-Jays, it does not appear to have an effect on BMR. We note that a case cannot currently be made for urbanization affecting BMR in passerines. RESUMEN (Spanish) La chara floridiana (Aphelocoma coerulescens) es una especie de reproducción cooperativa endémica de Florida. Actualmente está en la lista de especies amenazadas y continúa declinando dentro de su rango de distribución, en gran parte como resultado de pérdida y degradación de hábitat. Un estudio previo demostró que, en esta especie, el gasto diario energético (DEE) como múltiplo de la tasa metabólica basal (BMR) aumenta en gran medida entre machos durante la época reproductiva en un sitio urbanizado. Sin embargo, es necesario establecer si la BMR varía por sí misma entre hábitats urbanizados y humedales. Medimos la BMR de chara floridiana durante varios años y temporadas en ambos hábitats para entender mejor el posible efecto de la urbanización en su energía. Desarrollamos un perfil termoregulatorio para la especie, determinando la BMR y la conductancia térmica. BMR no varió entre los 2 hábitats, aun restringiendo el conjunto de datos a un solo año y una sola temporada para evitar las variables asociadas. Como era esperado, el periodo circadiano afectó el BMR, ya que las mediciones nocturnas (ρ) promedio (1.726 mL","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"428 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49038119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid Air: Invisible Killer: Saving Billions of Birds from Windows.","authors":"D. Klem","doi":"10.1676/22-00069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"569 - 571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44998069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors determining diet composition of the Montezuma Quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) at the northern limit of its distribution","authors":"Oscar E. López-Bujanda, A. Macías-Duarte, R. Castillo-Gámez, A. Montoya","doi":"10.1676/22-00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00025","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Investigating Montezuma Quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) diet composition is fundamental for unveiling how ecosystem processes limit its population size and may provide relevant tools for the management of this species. Our objective was to determine winter diet composition of the Montezuma Quail from crops harvested during 8 hunting seasons (2007–2017) and its geographic variation in Arizona and New Mexico. In addition, we used beta regression analyses to determine the effect of environmental factors on Montezuma Quail diet composition. Acorns (Quercus spp.) and sedge rhizomes (Cyperus fendlerianus) were the most frequently found food items of Montezuma Quail crops studied in Arizona and New Mexico, respectively, followed by tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius), woodsorrel tubers (Oxalis spp.), and arthropods in both states. Wet mass of forage from individual quail crops was positively associated with time of day. Quail diet composition in Arizona and New Mexico was associated with geographic variation in mean annual precipitation for acorns and with mean annual temperature for sedge (Cyperus spp.) rhizomes and tubers, but other main food items were not associated with environmental factors. These functional relationships between these 2 food items and climatic variables suggest that Montezuma Quail diet composition has a large component subject to environmental control. RESUMEN (Spanish) Investigar la composición de la dieta de la codorniz Moctezuma (Cyrtonyx montezumae) es fundamental para develar cómo los procesos del ecosistema limitan el tamaño de la población y puede proporcionar herramientas relevantes para el manejo de esta especie. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la composición de la dieta invernal de la codorniz Moctezuma a partir de buches de codorniz cosechados durante 8 temporadas de caza (2007–2017), y su variación geográfica en Arizona y Nuevo México. Además, utilizamos análisis de regresión beta para determinar el efecto de los factores ambientales en la composición de la dieta de la codorniz Moctezuma. Las bellotas (Quercus spp.) y los rizomas de Cyperus fendlerianus fueron los alimentos encontrados con mayor frecuencia en los buches de codorniz Moctezuma estudiados en Arizona y Nuevo México, respectivamente, seguidos por los frijoles tepari (Phaseolus acutifolius), los tubérculos de Oxalis spp. y artrópodos en ambos estados. La masa húmeda de los buches individuales de codorniz se asoció positivamente con la hora del día. La composición de la dieta de las codornices en Arizona y Nuevo México se asoció con la variación geográfica en la precipitación media anual para bellotas y con la temperatura media anual para rizomas y tubérculos de Cyperus spp., pero otros alimentos principales no se asociaron con factores ambientales. Estas relaciones funcionales entre estos 2 elementos alimenticios y las variables climáticas sugieren que la composición de la dieta de la codorniz Moctezuma tiene un gran componente sujeto a control ambie","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"507 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersexual differences in the monomorphic Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus saturatus)","authors":"Ju-Hyun Lee, Wan-Hee Nam, Dong-Yun Lee, Ha-Cheol Sung","doi":"10.1676/22-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sex determination of birds is essential for ecological studies, but visually distinguishing the sex of monomorphic birds in the field is challenging. We investigated intersexual morphological differences in the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus saturatus), which is known as a sexually monomorphic species. We caught 198 adult Eurasian Tree Sparrows (104 males and 94 females), collected data on their morphological characteristics, and determined their sex using polymerase chain reaction to amplify sex-chromosome-linked CHD gene introns. Wing length was longer in males than in females, and badge sizes were significantly larger in males. Discriminant function analysis using badge size and wing length classified sex with an accuracy of 86.9%. In accordance with a previous paper, our study considers that the sex of Eurasian Tree Sparrows can be distinguished with reasonable accuracy by the badge size and wing length in wild populations. RESUMEN (Spanish) La determinación del sexo de las aves es esencial en estudios ecológicos, pero la determinación visual del sexo en aves monomórficas en campo es un reto. Investigamos diferencias morfológicas intersexuales en el gorrión molinero eurasiático (Passer montanus saturatus), que es conocido como una especie sexualmente monomórfica. Capturamos 198 gorriones molineros eurasiáticos adultos (104 machos y 94 hembras), tomamos datos de sus características morfológicas y determinamos su sexo usando reacción en cadena de polimerasa para amplificar los intrones del gen CHD ligados al cromosoma sexual. La longitud del ala era mayor en machos que en hembras y los tamaños de las manchas eran significativamente mayores en machos que en hembras. Un análisis de función discriminante usando tamaño de las manchas y longitud del ala clasificó el sexo con una precisión de 86.9%. Tal y como se dijo en un artículo anterior, nuestro estudio considera que el sexo de los gorriones molineros eurasiáticos puede ser distinguido con una precisión razonable utilizando el tamaño de la mancha y la longitud del ala en poblaciones silvestres. Palabras clave: análisis de función discriminante, determinación de sexo, intrón del gen CHD, longitud de ala, monomorfismo, tamaño de mancha.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"464 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41336948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of thermal data loggers to evaluate nest survival in a grassland songbird","authors":"E. M. Andersen, S. Freeman","doi":"10.1676/21-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thermal data loggers have been used to monitor nest activity for a variety of avian species, primarily by identifying a difference in temperature between the relatively cool environment and the nest, which is warmed by nestlings or attendant adults. Many grassland songbirds, however, nest in warm environments where ambient and nest temperatures are frequently similar, which may limit the ability to identify nesting events from temperature data. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and potential impact of monitoring nests of grassland songbirds with thermal data loggers. We focus on a grassland-obligate species, Botteri's Sparrow (Peucaea botterii), that nests in hot, semiarid grasslands. We located and monitored 225 nests in southeastern Arizona, USA, and placed data loggers below the surface of the nest lining at a subset of 28 nests. To contrast nest temperatures with ambient temperatures, we placed a second data logger in similar vegetation within 3 m of the nest. Data loggers did not affect daily survival rates of nests. We were able to identify the date the nesting attempt ended (i.e., failure or fledging) correctly for all nests based on temperature data recorded during the cool period of the daily temperature cycle when data loggers placed below the nest lining averaged 3.9 °C warmer than the environment. During the hot period of the daily cycle, we were able to identify nest cessation correctly for only 46% of nests. Our study demonstrates that thermal data loggers can be used to monitor nest survival of grassland birds successfully provided that ambient temperatures are measurably lower than nest temperatures for at least part of the daily cycle. This provides an alternative to intensive observer-based monitoring that can increase the precision of survival estimates while potentially reducing cost, effort, and risk of disturbance to this group of high conservation concern. RESUMEN (Spanish) Sensores térmicos (“thermal data loggers”) han sido usados para monitorear la actividad de anidación de varias especies de aves, principalmente identificando la diferencia de temperatura entre el ambiente relativamente fresco y el nido, que es calentado por anidamiento o por ocupantes adultos. Muchas aves canoras, sin embargo, anidan en ambientes tibios en donde las temperaturas ambientales y del nido son frecuentemente similares, lo que podría limitar la habilidad de identificar los eventos de anidación a partir de datos de temperatura. Aquí evaluamos la eficacia y el impacto potencial de monitorear nidos de aves canoras con sensores térmicos. Nos enfocamos en una especie de asociación obligatoria a pastizales, el chingolo de Botteri. (“Peucaea botterii”) que anida en pastizales cálidos semiáridos. Localizamos y monitoreamos 225 nidos en el sureste de Arizona, EEUU, y colocamos sensores térmicos bajo el recubrimiento del nido en una submuestra de 28 nidos. Para contrastar la temperatura de los nidos con la temperatura ambiental, colocamos un senso","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"390 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where the wild things are (and aren't): Land cover associations of raptors in the Great Basin","authors":"Emma B. Smith, Alexandra G. Farrell, Kristen M. Covino","doi":"10.1676/21-00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Great Basin is home to a variety of avian species but as anthropogenic change continues, land cover change in this region may displace some species. We quantified the amount of land cover change in the Great Basin region between 2001 and 2019, analyzed distribution data derived from the eBird Status and Trends database for 19 raptor species (orders Accipitriformes and Falconiformes), and identified each species' land cover occurrence patterns. We discovered that 15 of the raptor species investigated had land cover type as a top-10 predictor for occupancy. We also observed a large percent change in total cover of water, deciduous forest, mixed forest, shrublands, and grasslands land cover types. The raptor species with land cover in their top-10 predictor list could thus potentially be affected by these land cover change trends. While the complexity of land cover associations are nuanced, we identify patterns of land cover change over almost 2 decades in the Great Basin and reveal species that may be impacted by continued landscape change. These findings can provide crucial information for both habitat management and species conservation. RESUMEN (Spanish) El Great Basin (en el occidente de los Estados Unidos) es hábitat para una variedad de especies de aves, aunque el cambio antropogénico sostenido en la cobertura del suelo en esta región podría desplazar a algunas especies. Cuantificamos la suma de cambio en la cobertura del suelo en la región del Great Basin entre 2001–2019, analizamos la distribución derivada de la base de datos eBird Status and Trends para 19 especies de rapaces (órdenes Accipitriformes y Falconiformes) e identificamos los patrones de presencia por cobertura de cada especie. Descubrimos que 15 de especies de rapaces que investigamos tenían la cobertura del suelo como una de las 10 principales variables de ocupación. También observamos un gran porcentaje de cambio en la superficie total de los tipos de cobertura agua, bosque deciduo, bosque mixto, matorral y pradera. Las especies de rapaces con cobertura del suelo en su lista de las 10 principales variables predictivas podrían ser potencialmente afectadas por esas tendencias en cambio de la cobertura del suelo. Si bien la complejidad de las asociaciones de cobertura del suelo es ambigua, identificamos patrones de cambio de cobertura a lo largo de cerca de 2 décadas en el Great Basin y revelan especies que podrían estar impactadas por un continuo cambio en el paisaje. Estos hallazgos proveen información crucial para el manejo de hábitat y la conservación de especies. Palabras clave: aves de presa, cambio antropogénico, cambio de uso del suelo, ciencia comunitaria, desertificación.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"398 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44179725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}