Wilson Journal Of Ornithology最新文献

{"title":"Use of thermal data loggers to evaluate nest survival in a grassland songbird","authors":"E. M. Andersen, S. Freeman","doi":"10.1676/21-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thermal data loggers have been used to monitor nest activity for a variety of avian species, primarily by identifying a difference in temperature between the relatively cool environment and the nest, which is warmed by nestlings or attendant adults. Many grassland songbirds, however, nest in warm environments where ambient and nest temperatures are frequently similar, which may limit the ability to identify nesting events from temperature data. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and potential impact of monitoring nests of grassland songbirds with thermal data loggers. We focus on a grassland-obligate species, Botteri's Sparrow (Peucaea botterii), that nests in hot, semiarid grasslands. We located and monitored 225 nests in southeastern Arizona, USA, and placed data loggers below the surface of the nest lining at a subset of 28 nests. To contrast nest temperatures with ambient temperatures, we placed a second data logger in similar vegetation within 3 m of the nest. Data loggers did not affect daily survival rates of nests. We were able to identify the date the nesting attempt ended (i.e., failure or fledging) correctly for all nests based on temperature data recorded during the cool period of the daily temperature cycle when data loggers placed below the nest lining averaged 3.9 °C warmer than the environment. During the hot period of the daily cycle, we were able to identify nest cessation correctly for only 46% of nests. Our study demonstrates that thermal data loggers can be used to monitor nest survival of grassland birds successfully provided that ambient temperatures are measurably lower than nest temperatures for at least part of the daily cycle. This provides an alternative to intensive observer-based monitoring that can increase the precision of survival estimates while potentially reducing cost, effort, and risk of disturbance to this group of high conservation concern. RESUMEN (Spanish) Sensores térmicos (“thermal data loggers”) han sido usados para monitorear la actividad de anidación de varias especies de aves, principalmente identificando la diferencia de temperatura entre el ambiente relativamente fresco y el nido, que es calentado por anidamiento o por ocupantes adultos. Muchas aves canoras, sin embargo, anidan en ambientes tibios en donde las temperaturas ambientales y del nido son frecuentemente similares, lo que podría limitar la habilidad de identificar los eventos de anidación a partir de datos de temperatura. Aquí evaluamos la eficacia y el impacto potencial de monitorear nidos de aves canoras con sensores térmicos. Nos enfocamos en una especie de asociación obligatoria a pastizales, el chingolo de Botteri. (“Peucaea botterii”) que anida en pastizales cálidos semiáridos. Localizamos y monitoreamos 225 nidos en el sureste de Arizona, EEUU, y colocamos sensores térmicos bajo el recubrimiento del nido en una submuestra de 28 nidos. Para contrastar la temperatura de los nidos con la temperatura ambiental, colocamos un senso","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"390 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where the wild things are (and aren't): Land cover associations of raptors in the Great Basin","authors":"Emma B. Smith, Alexandra G. Farrell, Kristen M. Covino","doi":"10.1676/21-00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Great Basin is home to a variety of avian species but as anthropogenic change continues, land cover change in this region may displace some species. We quantified the amount of land cover change in the Great Basin region between 2001 and 2019, analyzed distribution data derived from the eBird Status and Trends database for 19 raptor species (orders Accipitriformes and Falconiformes), and identified each species' land cover occurrence patterns. We discovered that 15 of the raptor species investigated had land cover type as a top-10 predictor for occupancy. We also observed a large percent change in total cover of water, deciduous forest, mixed forest, shrublands, and grasslands land cover types. The raptor species with land cover in their top-10 predictor list could thus potentially be affected by these land cover change trends. While the complexity of land cover associations are nuanced, we identify patterns of land cover change over almost 2 decades in the Great Basin and reveal species that may be impacted by continued landscape change. These findings can provide crucial information for both habitat management and species conservation. RESUMEN (Spanish) El Great Basin (en el occidente de los Estados Unidos) es hábitat para una variedad de especies de aves, aunque el cambio antropogénico sostenido en la cobertura del suelo en esta región podría desplazar a algunas especies. Cuantificamos la suma de cambio en la cobertura del suelo en la región del Great Basin entre 2001–2019, analizamos la distribución derivada de la base de datos eBird Status and Trends para 19 especies de rapaces (órdenes Accipitriformes y Falconiformes) e identificamos los patrones de presencia por cobertura de cada especie. Descubrimos que 15 de especies de rapaces que investigamos tenían la cobertura del suelo como una de las 10 principales variables de ocupación. También observamos un gran porcentaje de cambio en la superficie total de los tipos de cobertura agua, bosque deciduo, bosque mixto, matorral y pradera. Las especies de rapaces con cobertura del suelo en su lista de las 10 principales variables predictivas podrían ser potencialmente afectadas por esas tendencias en cambio de la cobertura del suelo. Si bien la complejidad de las asociaciones de cobertura del suelo es ambigua, identificamos patrones de cambio de cobertura a lo largo de cerca de 2 décadas en el Great Basin y revelan especies que podrían estar impactadas por un continuo cambio en el paisaje. Estos hallazgos proveen información crucial para el manejo de hábitat y la conservación de especies. Palabras clave: aves de presa, cambio antropogénico, cambio de uso del suelo, ciencia comunitaria, desertificación.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"398 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44179725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in body size and plumage does not explain apparent survival for a long-distance migratory songbird, the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)","authors":"Emma K. Burke, N. Perlut","doi":"10.1676/22-00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) is a long-distance migratory grassland songbird whose global population is in long-term decline, largely due to habitat loss and intensification of agricultural practices. To better understand the factors affecting their annual cycle, we used a known-age population of male Bobolinks (n = 121) breeding in agricultural grasslands of Vermont and explored how variation in plumage (extent of yellow in cap) and body morphology (body mass and wing length) explained variation in apparent survival. Bobolink body mass and wing length varied between years 2–5. Bobolink cap size did not change with age. However, none of the 3 morphological characters explained variation in apparent survival. Our results highlight the challenges associated with understanding variation in individual quality relative to age, particularly regarding factors that affect demographic processes in declining species. RESUMEN (Spanish) El tordo charlatán (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) es un ave canora de pastizal migratoria de larga distancia cuya población global está en declive a largo plazo, principalmente debido a la pérdida de hábitat y a la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas. Para entender mejor los factores que afectan su ciclo anual, utilizamos una población con edad conocida de tordos charlatanes machos (n = 121) que se reproducían en pastizales agrícolas de Vermont y exploramos cómo la variación en su plumaje (la extensión del amarillo de su capucha) y la morfología corporal (masa corporal y longitud del ala) explicaban la variación en la sobrevivencia aparente. La masa corporal del tordo charlatán y la longitud del ala variaron entre los años 2–5. El tamaño de la capucha del tordo charlatán no tuvo variaciones con la edad. Sin embargo, ninguno de los 3 caracteres morfológicos explicaba la variación de sobrevivencia aparente. Nuestros resultados resaltan los desafíos asociados a entender la variación en la calidad de los individuos relativa a la edad, particularmente con respecto a factores que afectan procesos demográficos de especies en declive. Palabras clave: ala, Icteridae, masa, morfología, plumaje, Programa MARK, Vermont.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"551 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48588922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complete Birds of the World.","authors":"B. Beehler","doi":"10.1676/22-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00058","url":null,"abstract":"THE COMPLETE BIRDS OF THE WORLD. Norman Arlott and Ber van Perlo, principal illustrators. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 2021: 656 pages, 301 color plates, featuring 10,711 bird species. ISBN: 978-0-69119392-2. $65.00 (cloth).—First we were amazed by the 16-volume Lynx Handbook of the Birds of the World, completed in 2011. Then astounded by the 2-volume condensed version of that Lynx masterwork entitled Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, published in 2014 and 2016. Now we have Princeton’s book that illustrates all of the world’s birds in a single volume. I suppose the next logical step is a smartphone app that features all the information and art found in the 16volume Lynx work...wait—Cornell and Lynx have now done that as well! And to think it all started with James Lee Peters and his Harvard-based world checklist, which required the hard labor of Peters, Ernst Mayr, Raymond Paynter, G. William Cottrell, and many family-level taxonomic contributors from the years 1931–1987. It seems the world has speeded up in producing world ornithologies. And when you add that","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"567 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nesting of Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) on islands in a large freshwater lake not significantly influenced by island size or distance to mainland","authors":"M. Stanback, G. Vaughan, Zane Libke","doi":"10.1676/21-00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT According to the MacArthur-Wilson model of Island Biogeography, the species richness on a given island should be a function of the size of the island and its distance from the mainland. Following this, one might therefore expect that the likelihood that a small songbird species would nest on a given island in a large freshwater lake would similarly be a function of island size and distance to the mainland. We tested this by installing a single nest box on each of 37 islands in Lake Norman, North Carolina, in the fall of 2019. We hypothesized that Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) would be more likely to nest in boxes on islands that are large and/or close to the mainland. Combining our results from 2020 and 2021, we found that neither island size, distance to the mainland, nor an interaction between the two explained the presence of breeding chickadees on islands. RESUMEN (Spanish) De acuerdo con el modelo de biogeografía de islas de MacArthur y Wilson, la riqueza de especies en una isla dada debería ser función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Siguiendo esto, uno podría esperar de manera similar que la probabilidad de que una especie pequeña de ave canora anide en una isla dada en un gran lago de agua dulce sería una función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Sometimos esta premisa a prueba, instalando una única caja-nido en cada una de 37 islas del lago Norman en North Carolina en el otoño de 2019. Hipotetizamos que los carboneros Poecile carolinensis serían más proclives a anidar en cajas-nido en islas que son grandes y/o cercanas a tierra firme. Combinando nuestros resultados de 2020 y 2021, encontramos que ni el tamaño de la isla, la distancia a tierra firme o la interacción de las 2 explicó la presencia de carboneros anidando en islas. Palabras clave: biogeografía de islas, cajas-nido, MacArthur y Wilson.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"541 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42634203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity and characteristics of feathers used as lining in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nests in indiana and Ohio","authors":"Caroline Wolfe-Merritt, L. Hartman, Evelyn M. Barragan, B. Hellman, Samuel Pigott, A. Rodríguez-Ferraro, Wendy P. Tori","doi":"10.1676/22-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nest building represents an important part of parental investment and can significantly impact reproductive success in many bird species. Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are secondary cavity nesters that readily accept nest boxes and construct basic grass nest cups lined with molted feathers from other bird species. We identified and described the characteristics of the feathers used as nesting materials by Tree Swallows in 4 different habitats in Indiana and Ohio. We monitored 41 nest boxes in 2017 and 53 nest boxes in 2018. After chicks fledged, we collected feathers from nests, counted them, and characterized them by size, color, and type. Brown, medium length (5–10 cm), and contour feathers were significantly more common than other types of feathers. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of feathers in nests across different habitat types, with results showing that nests located near lakes had significantly more feathers than those in agricultural habitats. We identified which species feathers belonged to using molecular techniques and morphological comparisons and found that they belonged to 26 species from 19 families and 11 orders: Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Piciformes, Cathartiformes, and Passeriformes, including 20 previously unreported species within those orders. Thus, feathers used as nest lining by Tree Swallows are more diverse than previously reported. Feather identities from each habitat matched avian communities in those areas, suggesting that Tree Swallows are generalist feather collectors and that the number and characteristics of feathers used as lining depends on feather availability near the nesting site. RESUMEN (Spanish) La construcción del nido representa una parte importante de la inversión parental y puede tener un impacto significativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de muchas especies de aves. La golondrina Tachycineta bicolor anida en cavidades secundarias, aceptando fácilmente cajas nido dentro de las que construyen un nido básico con hierbas en forma de taza y revestido con plumas de otras especies de aves. Identificamos y describimos las características de las plumas usadas como material del nido de T. bicolor en 4 hábitats diferentes en Indiana y Ohio. Monitoreamos 41 cajas nido en 2017 y 53 en 2018. Después que los pichones volaron del nido, recolectamos las plumas de los nidos, las contamos, y las caracterizamos por tamaño, color y tipo. Las plumas del contorno, marrones y de longitud media (5–10 cm) fueron significativamente más comunes que cualquier otro tipo de pluma. Comparamos la prevalencia y las características de las plumas entre nidos en diferentes tipos de hábitats, y los resultados mostraron que los nidos cerca de lagos contenían significativamente más plumas que los nidos de los hábitats agrícolas. Identificamos las plumas utilizando técnicas moleculares y comparaciones morfológicas, y encont","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"473 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat suitability assessment for the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in a new distribution location in southwestern China","authors":"Weicheng Yang, J. Ran, Tao Peng, Yu Xu, Gang Xiang, Yin Yi, Yu Jiang, Xin Chai, Shulin Yang","doi":"10.1676/21-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We discovered a population of the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in the Ziyun County of Anshun City in 2016. Land and forestry administrators jointly proposed establishing a nature reserve for the conservation of this population. We conducted surveys and a habitat suitability assessment of this pheasant in support of the conservation strategy planning and proposed nature reserve. Our results suggest that this pheasant uses heavily disturbed, open canopy, broad-leaved forests at a certain distance to roads on northwest- to north-facing slopes. It also uses sparse canopy forests on moderate to steep slopes below elevations of 1,050 m near water. The use of heavily disturbed, open canopy forests of this pheasant population is not consistent with reports from the literature. This could be a response of this population to available disturbed habitat. This population may be part of an undiscovered population of the wildlife management units of Guangxi and Guizhou. Understanding habitat requirements of this species warrants further investigations, e.g., genetic tests such as sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to compare with other populations and assessment of its population status, patterns of habitat use, and interactions with heavily disturbed habitats.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"408 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory connectivity in a Newfoundland population of the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)","authors":"M. DeSaix, Eileen B. Connell, Nandadevi Cortes-Rodriguez, K. E. Omland, P. Marra, Colin E. Studds","doi":"10.1676/22-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migratory tracking of genetically distinct populations can be used to develop conservation strategies that prioritize the protection of unique genetic lineages across the annual cycle. In North America, the island of Newfoundland harbors populations of numerous species that are genetically differentiated from populations in mainland North America. The American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) is a widespread Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds across North America and has a mitochondrial haplogroup unique to the Newfoundland breeding population. Stable-hydrogen isotope analyses have broadly identified the Caribbean islands as the nonbreeding locations for American Redstarts breeding in northeastern North America, but the specific nonbreeding sites for the Newfoundland breeding population remain unclear. The objective of this study was to use mitochondrial haplogroups to elucidate nonbreeding locations of the Newfoundland population of the American Redstart. We sampled 180 individuals from 9 locations across the Caribbean and sequenced the mitochondrial control region. We identified 4 individuals with the Newfoundland haplogroup in Puerto Rico (n = 3) and the Dominican Republic (n = 1). However, we primarily detected individuals with other haplogroups at these 2 nonbreeding sites. Our results suggest that the Newfoundland breeding population of the American Redstart has a restricted nonbreeding range (Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic) and mixes with individuals from other breeding populations at these sites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how American Redstart populations are connected across the annual cycle, improving our understanding of population ecology and evolution. RESUMEN (Spanish) El rastreo migratorio de poblaciones genéticamente diferenciadas puede ser usado para desarrollar estrategias de conservación que prioricen la protección de linajes genéticos únicos a lo largo del ciclo anual. En América del Norte, la isla de Terranova alberga poblaciones de numerosas especies que se diferencian genéticamente de la tierra firme de América del Norte. La candelita norteña (Setophaga ruticilla) es un ave canora migratoria neotropical que se reproduce a lo largo de Norteamérica y tiene un haplotipo mitocondrial único para la población reproductiva de Terranova. Análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno han identificado ampliamente las islas del Caribe como sitios no reproductivos para poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en América del Norte, pero los sitios no reproductivos específicos para las poblaciones que se reproducen en Terranova todavía no se conocen. El objetivo de este estudio era usar el haplotipo mitocondrial para dilucidar sitios de no reproducción para las poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en Terranova. Se muestrearon 180 individuos de 9 localidades a lo largo del Caribe y secuenciamos la región control de sus mitocondrias. Identificamos 4 individuos con el hapl","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"381 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48070376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual survival of adult White-headed Woodpeckers (Dryobates albolarvatus) in ponderosa pine forest with a history of forest management","authors":"J. Kozma, A. J. Kroll, Kevin S Lucas","doi":"10.1676/22-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vital rates can provide important insights into management effects on wildlife populations. However, for many North American birds, especially woodpeckers (Picidae), vital rates are not well documented. Here, we estimated adult annual survival of the White-headed Woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus) across a 10 year period (2011–2021) in managed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests along the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington, USA. We banded male and female woodpeckers with unique color band combinations and resighted them on breeding territories from March to July in each year. We banded 116 woodpeckers, most of which we aged as hatch-year (n = 49) or second-year (n = 32) when banded, and all were past the critical dependence period when mortality is highest. We estimated recapture and annual survival probabilities for 33 breeding males and 24 breeding females using open-population Cormack-Jolly-Seber models that included 2 covariates: age at first capture (AGE) and sex (SEX). We combined birds into 3 AGE classes: class 1 (hatch-year), class 2 (second-year and after hatch-year), and class 3 (≥ after second-year). Female recapture probabilities were higher than males, although both were >0.85. AGE class 1 birds had the lowest recapture probabilities, but the estimates were imprecise. Survival probabilities were >0.80 for all birds, regardless of which model we evaluated. These survival estimates could be inflated because some adults that are nonbreeders and dispersed from the study area may have lower rates of survival. We did not find any evidence of differences in survival probabilities by SEX or AGE. Our results suggested that, despite managed ponderosa pine stands having trees smaller in diameter and greater in density than historical stands, White-headed Woodpeckers had a high probability of surviving year to year in this forest type. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las tasas vitales pueden proveer una visión de los efectos del manejo en poblaciones de fauna silvestre. Sin embargo, para muchas aves de Norteamérica, especialmente para carpinteros (Picidae), dichas tasas vitales no están bien documentadas. Aquí estimamos la sobrevivencia anual del carpintero Dryobates albolarvatus a lo largo de un periodo de 10 años (2011–2021) en bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) en la vertiente este de la cordillera Cascade en Washington, EUA. Anillamos machos y hembras de carpintero con combinaciones únicas de anillos de colores y los re-observamos en sus territorios reproductivos de marzo–julio de cada año. Anillamos 116 carpinteros, la mayoría de los cuales determinamos como del primer año (n = 49) o del segundo año (n = 32) al momento de ser anillados y todos habían pasado el periodo de dependencia crítica cuando la mortandad es más alta. Estimamos probabilidades de recaptura y sobrevivencia anual de 33 machos y 24 hembras reproductivos usando modelos Cormack-Jolly-Seber para poblaciones abiertas que incluyeron 2 covariabl","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"485 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47269717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplification of Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) DNA from regurgitated food pellets","authors":"Daniel Taylor, B. Kluever, J. Humphrey, Iona M. Hennessy, Amber Sutton, W. E. Bruce, A. Piaggio","doi":"10.1676/22-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies that rely on noninvasive collection of DNA for birds often use feces or feathers. Some birds, such as vultures, regurgitate undigested matter in the form of pellets that are commonly found under roost sites. Our research demonstrates that regurgitated pellets are a viable, noninvasive source of DNA for molecular ecology studies of vultures. Our objectives were to amplify 5 microsatellite loci designed for distinguishing Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) and Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in a single, multiplexed PCR, and to determine how long the target nuclear DNA persists after a vulture pellet is regurgitated and exposed to the environment. We collected pellets from captive Black Vultures and placed them in an outdoor aviary for a maximum estimated total of 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. We swabbed pellet surfaces for extraction and amplified vulture DNA using the panel of markers. All amplified alleles fell within predicted ranges of Black Vultures for all 5 loci, supporting the use of this microsatellite panel for vulture species identification. Overall amplification success for samples collected 0–12 h after regurgitation was 82.3%. Pellets collected 12–24 h, 24–36 h, and 36–48 h after regurgitation had only 18%, 10.2%, and 4.5% amplification success, respectively, which may have been due to a rain event. Our approach will be useful for noninvasive genetic sampling targeting nuclear DNA. These results should encourage noninvasive genetic sampling studies of other species that regurgitate pellets, such as raptors, water birds, or shorebirds. RESUMEN (Spanish) Estudios que dependen de colecta no invasiva de ADN de aves muchas veces utilizan heces o plumas. Algunas aves, como los zopilotes, regurgitan materia sin digerir en forma de egagrópilas que se encuentran comúnmente bajo los dormideros. Nuestra investigación muestra que las egagrópilas regurgitadas son una fuente de ADN viable y no invasiva para estudios de ecología molecular de zopilotes. Nuestros objetivos fueron amplificar 5 loci microsatelitales diseñados para distinguir aura gallipavo (Cathartes aura) y zopilote negro (Coragyps atratus) en un solo PCR múltiple así como determinar cuánto tiempo persiste el ADN nuclear blanco después de que una egagrópila de zopilote es regurgitada y expuesta al ambiente. Colectamos egagrópilas de zopilotes negros en cautiverio y las colocamos en un aviario al aire libre durante un tiempo máximo estimado de 12, 24, 36 y 48 h. Realizamos un frotis de la superficie de las egagrópilas para una extracción y amplificación del ADN de los zopilotes usando el panel de marcadores. Todos los alelos amplificados cayeron en los rangos predichos para los zopilotes negros para todos los 5 loci, lo que apoya el uso de este panel de microsatélites para identificación de especies de zopilotes. El éxito general de amplificación de muestras colectadas de muestras colectadas 0-12 h después de regurgitadas fue de 82.3%. Las egagrópilas colectadas 12–24 h, 24–36 ","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"546 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}