Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology最新文献

{"title":"Digital Inhaler Technology: Is It Ready for Prime Time?","authors":"Scott Bickel, Ronald Morton, Nemr Eid","doi":"10.1089/ped.2022.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2022.0113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 3","pages":"111-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Acute Phase Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (TARC) Levels in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome and IgE-Dependent Food Allergy.","authors":"Eishi Makita,&nbsp;Daisuke Sugawara,&nbsp;Sae Kuroda,&nbsp;Kae Itabashi,&nbsp;Yuka Hirakubo,&nbsp;Kazuhito Nonaka,&nbsp;Ko Ichihashi","doi":"10.1089/ped.2022.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2022.0089","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Patients with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) have elevated thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels in the acute phase. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated TARC levels in the acute phase of immunoglobulin E-dependent food allergy (IgE-FA). If TARC elevation is a specific response to FPIES among FAs, TARC measurement may help distinguish between FPIES and IgE-FA. Thus, we investigated acute phase TARC levels in patients with FPIES and IgE-FA. Methods: Thirty-one episodes in 16 patients with FPIES and 20 episodes (13 were anaphylaxis) in 20 patients with IgE-FA were included. Patients with eczema were excluded. Serum TARC levels within 6 h of allergic reaction onset and age-adjusted TARC ratios (TARC levels divided by age-specific normal TARC values) were compared between the groups. Results: The median age was 1.1 and 3.6 years in the FPIES and IgE-FA groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The median (range) serum TARC (pg/mL) levels were significantly higher in the FPIES group than in the IgE-FA group [1,283 (410-3,821) versus 377 (109-1,539); P < 0.001]. The median (range) age-adjusted TARC ratios were also significantly higher in the FPIES group [2.56 (0.57-7.86) versus 1.08 (0.15-2.17); P < 0.001]. The area under the curve (AUC) for TARC to distinguish FPIES from IgE-FA was 0.926, and the AUC for the age-adjusted TARC ratio was 0.850. The odds ratio for FPIES diagnosis per 1,000 pg/mL increase in TARC was 31.6 (P = 0.002), and the odds ratio adjusted by age was 17.1 (P = 0.016). Conclusion: Acute phase TARC levels were higher in patients with FPIES than in patients with IgE-FA. The increase in acute phase TARC levels was considered to be a specific response to FPIES among FAs. Measurement of TARC levels in the acute phase may help differentiate FPIES from IgE-FA.","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 3","pages":"114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40369159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant for a Patient with Refractory Pyopneumothorax and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to Pneumococcal Necrotizing Pneumonia Complicated by a Bronchopleural Fistula.","authors":"Zeynelabidin Ozturk,&nbsp;Merve Duman Küçükkuray,&nbsp;Suna Özdem,&nbsp;Hasibe Gökçe Çınar,&nbsp;Caner Aytekin,&nbsp;Özgür Çağlar","doi":"10.1089/ped.2022.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2022.0112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Necrotizing pneumonia rarely occurs in children, but when it does it can be complicated by bronchopleural fistula, empyema, pneumothorax, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Antimicrobial therapy is the cornerstone of its management; however, surgery is necessary in some cases. Ideally, surgical interventions are kept to a minimum, but this is not always possible if there is a mass effect from air and fluid in the pleural space, pulmonary necrosis leading to massive hemoptysis, uncontrolled sepsis, or difficulties with assisted ventilation. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> Herein we present a patient with refractory pyopneumothorax and ARDS due to pneumococcal necrotizing pneumonia complicated by a bronchopleural fistula. The patient's clinical condition deteriorated despite antibiotics, surgical drainage, and assisted ventilation. Owing to pneumothorax with a high percentage of air leakage, bilateral diffuse collapse of the lungs, and insufficient oxygenation, surgical treatment was considered, but because of the patient's lack of tolerance for surgery due to hemodynamic reasons and the complications associated with surgery, medical treatment was determined to be more appropriate. Surfactant treatment was administered to the patient, resulting in significant clinical improvement. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of surfactant to treat ARDS due to necrotizing pneumonia. Based on the presented case, we think surfactant can be considered as a salvage treatment for such patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 3","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstitial Lung Disease in an Adolescent Girl with Lipopolysaccharide-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor Deficiency.","authors":"Gökçen Dilşa Tuğcu,&nbsp;Sanem Eryılmaz Polat,&nbsp;Ayşe Metin,&nbsp;Diclehan Orhan,&nbsp;Güzin Cinel","doi":"10.1089/ped.2022.0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2022.0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Previously, lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency was categorized as a subtype of common variable immune deficiency. Research shows that LRBA deficiency is caused by dysregulation of T cell activation and expansion; it is placed under the category of immune dysregulation with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) haploinsufficiency. Cohort studies have revealed a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and variable phenotype expression, including immune dysregulation [enteropathy, autoimmune cytopenia, interstitial lung disease (ILD), etc.] on 1 hand and immune deficiency (hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, bronchiectasis, etc.) on the other hand. Chronic lung disease is frequently seen in LRBA deficiency and is associated with poor outcomes. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> This case report evaluates a female who presented with recurrent pneumonia and bronchiectasis but did not respond to treatment; she was lastly diagnosed with ILD with detailed clinical, radiological, and pathological workup. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The respiratory characteristics of patients with LRBA deficiency should be investigated, monitored, and treated from the time of its diagnosis. The awareness and involvement of pulmonologists to pulmonary morbidity of patients with LRBA deficiency in workup and clinical decision making are crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 3","pages":"133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable Expression of Lung Disease Due to a Novel Homozygous <i>ABCA3</i> Variant.","authors":"Samia Hamouda,&nbsp;Alix de Becdelièvre,&nbsp;Salma Ben Ameur,&nbsp;Ines Trabelsi,&nbsp;Monique Fabre,&nbsp;Ralph Epaud,&nbsp;Pascale Fanen,&nbsp;Khadija Boussetta","doi":"10.1089/ped.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (<i>ABCA3</i>) gene are one of the most common surfactant disorders leading to interstitial lung diseases (ILD). The clinical spectrum and severity of lung disease caused by ABCA3 deficiency due to missense variants is variable. <b><i>Case Presentations:</i></b> A novel <i>ABCA3</i> c.3135G>C (p.Gln1045His) mutation was identified at the homozygous state in 3 subjects from 2 unrelated families: one 19-month-old boy with severe ILD and his homozygous pauci-symptomatic mother, and one 10-year-old girl with moderate late-onset ILD. Corticosteroid pulses associated with hydroxychloroquine were beneficial for both children. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We illustrate here the huge intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variability associated with the same homozygous missense <i>ABCA3</i> mutation, and the benefit of identifying the disease for treatment, follow-up, and appropriate genetic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 3","pages":"124-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40369158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Autoinflammatory Disorder in a Pediatric Patient with Favorable Response to Etanercept: Sideroblastic Anemia with B Cell Immunodeficiency, Periodic Fevers, and Developmental Delay Syndrome.","authors":"Rabia Miray Kisla Ekinci,&nbsp;Aslıhan Zararsiz,&nbsp;Gizem Urel Demir,&nbsp;Ozlem Anlas","doi":"10.1089/ped.2022.0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2022.0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Sideroblastic anemia with B cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD) syndrome is caused by biallelic TRNT1 mutations. TRNT1 gene encodes a CCA-adding tRNA nucleotidyl transferase enzyme. Mutant TRNT1 results in immunodeficiency and anemia in various degrees, accompanied by several organ involvement. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We present here a 15-month old male, demonstrated brittle hair, growth hormone deficiency, recurrent fever, arthritis, recurrent infections, mild anemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. The patient did not respond to colchicine treatment, and after establishing SIFD diagnosis with the presence of homozygote c.948-949delAAinsGG (p.Lys317Glu) mutation in TRNT1 gene, we commenced monthly intravenous immunoglobulin replacement and weekly subcutaneous etanercept. A rapid resolution of fever episodes and infections occurred after initiation of this treatment regimen. Afterward, both anemia and growth parameters have improved during follow-up. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SIFD syndrome should be considered in patients with recurrent fever, arthritis, and growth retardation even in the absence of severe anemia and prominent hypogammaglobulinemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 3","pages":"129-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could Age and Oral Challenge Outcomes Identify High-Risk Patients During Cow's Milk Oral Immunotherapy?","authors":"H. Duman Şenol, E. Topyıldız, E. Ulusoy Severcan, Sanem Eren Akercan, Nursen Cigerci Gunaydin, F. Gulen, E. Demir","doi":"10.1089/ped.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Severe immunglobuline E (IgE)-mediated reactions during oral immunotherapy (OIT) are major obstacles to treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate and identify clinical and laboratory biomarkers of adverse events during OIT among children with cow's milk (CM) allergy. Study Design: Eighty-six children older than 36 months who had undergone OIT with milk were enrolled. Clinical data, oral food challenge (OFC) test results, and laboratory data were recorded retrospectively. Results: The median duration of the build-up phase of OIT was 19 weeks (min 10-max 40) and the duration of the maintenance phase was 86.5 (min 1-max 132) months. A total of 11,767 CM doses were administered during the build-up phase and adverse reactions were seen in 62 (73.8%) patients with reactions registered for 157 doses among 11,767 (1/75 doses). The number of reactions during the maintenance phase was 41 (47.6%) in 24 (27.9%) patients. There was a significant reduction in the number of reactions (P = 0.000) between the build-up phase and maintenance phase. Adverse reactions and anaphylaxis were higher for patients who had cough during OFC (P = 0.003, P = 0.002, respectively) during the build-up phase and also during the maintenance phase too (P = 0.000). Evaluation for all reactions and anaphylaxis (during build-up and maintenance) with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis showed class IV-VI of CM-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), casein-sIgE and cough during OFC were significantly associated with increased probability of reaction and anaphylaxis. Younger age at onset of OIT was associated with risk reduction (0.017). Conclusion: Laboratory data and reactions during the OFC (especially cough) can help to identify high-risk patients during OIT.","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46936298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Care Coordinators for Children with Respiratory Technologies and Home Nursing.","authors":"Sarah A Sobotka,&nbsp;Emma Lynch,&nbsp;Rishi Agrawal","doi":"10.1089/ped.2021.0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2021.0236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Children with respiratory technologies, particularly those with mechanical ventilation, represent a growing population that require complex home nursing, medical equipment, outpatient medical and habilitative supports to live and thrive in their community. Care coordination is essential to support these children and their families to navigate and integrate key community-based health and educational services, however, care is often fragmented and care coordination needs unmet. Therefore, to fully support children with respiratory technologies, it is critical to understand the role of care coordinators (CCs) and how to sustain this workforce. The aim of this article is to describe CCs' perspective on (1) their role in supporting families in a home care program for children with respiratory technologies and home nursing, and (2) the core components of recruiting into and sustaining the CC workforce. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 CC from the Division of Specialized Care for Children (DSCC) Home Care program for children with technology dependence and home nursing in Illinois. Two independent coders utilized a modified template approach and discussed to agreement to analyze transcripts. <b><i>Results:</i></b> CC averaged 6.6 years of CC experience; the majority had social work or nursing backgrounds. CCs' job satisfaction was derived from their role supporting hospital discharge, seeing children improve over time, and navigating challenges with families. CCs enjoyed working in a collaborative environment where they could draw from their colleagues' experience to solve problems. Job dissatisfaction and job turnover stemmed from difficult family interactions, high caseloads, and redundant and time-intensive administrative tasks, which interfered with family engagement. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CCs for children with respiratory technologies require diverse skills, but interdisciplinary teams enable collaborative support of families. Seeing children thrive can sustain the workforce, however, CCs report challenges due to high caseloads and administrative tasks, which impede direct family involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 2","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247673/pdf/ped.2021.0236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9555321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Frequency and Characteristics of Drug Allergy in Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Zeynep Şengül Emeksiz,&nbsp;Pınar Metbulut,&nbsp;Şule Selin Akyan Soydaş,&nbsp;Gökçen Tuğcu,&nbsp;Güzin Cinel,&nbsp;Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu","doi":"10.1089/ped.2021.0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2021.0165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies reported that the prevalence of drug allergy is higher in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than in the general population. It is important to exclude or confirm the drug allergy diagnosis with detailed allergic evaluation for preventing drug allergy overdiagnosis. Our study aims to determine the actual frequency of drug allergy proven by diagnostic tests in children with CF and to compare it with the control group. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients diagnosed with CF who were followed up in the Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic were included in the study group. Children with similar gender and age characteristics who did not have any chronic diseases and who applied to the Pediatric Polyclinics were included in the control group. We reviewed the medical data of patients with CF. Also, we evaluated the parents of the patients via phone conversation and/or during the control of the outpatient clinic and questioned them in terms of drug allergy. In addition, we assessed those with suspected drug allergies in the pediatric allergy clinic for diagnostic tests and compared it to the control group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> CF patients (<i>n</i> = 44) and control group (<i>n</i> = 100) were included in the study. Only 1 patient (2.2%) out of the 44 patients in the study group had a suspicion of drug-related hypersensitivity history. In the control group, 1 patient had a history of rash, provocation test was performed to rule out drug hypersensitivity reaction, and it was evaluated as a negative result. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The result of our study showed that the frequency of drug allergy in children diagnosed with CF was not different from the control group. However, it will be useful to confirm the data of pediatric patients with CF in larger groups. In the presence of suspicion of drug allergy, a diagnostic evaluation can prevent unnecessary drug allergy diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 2","pages":"74-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247676/pdf/ped.2021.0165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9911713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Two Weaning Methods from Heated Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Muhammed Udurgucu,&nbsp;Hatice Albayrak,&nbsp;Hatice Elif Kinik Kaya,&nbsp;Nazik Yener","doi":"10.1089/ped.2021.0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2021.0229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objective:</i></b> Although high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is widely used in children, there is no consensus on the methods for starting, maintenance, and weaning. The aim of this study was to compare weaning methods in children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study included all patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) who were started on HFNC treatment. The respiratory assessment score was used in the decisions for starting, continuing, and weaning from HFNC. The patients who responded and for whom weaning was planned were randomized by month into 2 groups as directly weaned from HFNC and weaned by reducing the flow. Success rates, treatment, and length of stay (LOS) in weaning methods were compared. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 145 patients initially included in the study, 32 (22%) were excluded, and analysis was made of 113 patients. Successful weaning from HFNC was obtained in 76.9% of the patients, in 82.1% of flow weaning, and 73.6% of direct weaning, with no statistically significant difference determined between the groups (<i>P</i> = 0.286). The median duration of HFNC and the median LOS in PICU were determined to be statistically significantly shorter in direct weaning than in flow weaning [36 h interquartile range (IQR) 24-48 h] versus 60 h (IQR 60-72 h), <i>P</i> < 0.001 and 6 days (4-14 days) versus 9.5 days (5.25-20.75 days, <i>P</i> = 0.043, respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In patients who responded to HFNC in PICU, the responses to direct weaning and flow reduction were seen to be similar. In patients directly weaned off, both the HFNC duration and LOS in PICU were significantly shorter.</p>","PeriodicalId":54389,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Pulmonology","volume":"35 2","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247675/pdf/ped.2021.0229.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9927963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}