Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change最新文献

{"title":"Financing Climate-Smart Agriculture: a case study from the Indo-Gangetic Plains","authors":"Roberto Villalba, Garima Joshi, Thomas Daum, Terese E. Venus","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10127-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10127-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Indo-Gangetic Plains represents one of South Asia’s most productive agricultural regions, yet it is highly vulnerable to climate change and requires the widespread adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture. Although farmers understand the benefits of such technologies, financial constraints often undermine adoption. Using a case study from Haryana, we assess the opportunities and challenges aligned with the different pathways available for farmers to adopt and finance two capital-intensive technologies: laser land levelers and happy seeders. Our analysis uses unique data from Karnal, where stakeholders have partnered in Climate-Smart-Villages, and combines a household survey from 120 farmers, interviews, and focus group discussions with banks and cooperatives. Our results indicate adoption rates of 77% for laser land levelers and 52% for happy seeders, with only 7% and 21% of farmers owning the technologies, respectively. Hiring is highly preferred over purchase, mainly due to the flourishing of Custom-Hiring Centers, which are vital in driving large-scale implementation. We find that farmers prefer funding from family, savings, and moneylenders (indirect pathways) rather than from commercial banks (direct pathways) to get immediate access to credit and avoid bureaucratic procedures. Our study offers broader insights into the state of agricultural finance in India and adaptation to climate change and reveals that institutional innovations can enhance the financing of CSA technologies for smallholder farmers. Our findings have important implications for decision-makers seeking to streamline credit access for CSA machinery rental. Future research should focus on the efficacy of different finance channels and their causal impact on pathways for technology adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of socio-economic determinants and impacts of climate-smart feeding practices in the Kenyan dairy sector","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10131-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10131-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The Kenyan dairy sector has economic potential to improve the welfare of rural households. However, the availability of feed resources, an essential input in dairy production, remains a significant constraint and is exacerbated by the effects of climate change. Using a sample of 665 dairy farmers from selected counties, this study assessed the determinants and impact of adoption of climate-smart feeding practices on milk productivity and output, dairy milk commercialization, and dairy and household income. The multinomial endogenous switching regression was used to account for self-selection bias from observable and non-observable factors. The study identified human and social capital, resource endowment, dairy feeding systems, the source of information about feeding practices, and perceived characteristics of these practices as factors that influenced the likelihood of adopting climate-smart feeding practices. The uptake of climate-smart fodder and feed concentrates together significantly increased milk productivity and output and dairy income. The uptake of climate-smart feed concentrates singly also increased dairy milk commercialization and household income. To facilitate the uptake of climate-smart feeding practices, pluralistic extension systems should be strengthened, practices made available, knowledge about climate change enhanced, and practice-oriented learning adopted. Further, the adoption of both climate-smart fodder and feed concentrates should be emphasized for improved household welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-Smart Agriculture in South Asia: exploring practices, determinants, and contribution to Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"Naveen Naveen, Pritha Datta, Bhagirath Behera, Dil Bahadur Rahut","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10126-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10126-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the face of unprecedented challenges arising from climate change, Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) emerges as a holistic solution for South Asia, addressing adaptation, mitigation, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, a substantial knowledge gap exists regarding the current status of CSA practices, the factors influencing their adoption, and the specific SDGs that benefit from such adoption. Within this context, this study undertakes a systematic review of the literature (<i>n</i> = 78) concerning the adoption of CSA practices in South Asia, primarily drawing from three scholarly databases, viz. Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The results show that the widely adopted CSA practices in South Asia are climate-resilient seeds, zero tillage, water conservation, rescheduling planting, crop diversification, soil conservation, and water harvesting, agroforestry. Several factors, such as socio-economic factors (e.g. education, livestock ownership, age, landholding size, and market access), institutional factors (e.g. information and communication technology, credit availability, input subsidies, agricultural training and demonstration, direct cash transfer, and crop insurance), and climatic factors (e.g. increasing temperature, floods and droughts, decrease in rainfall, and delays in rainfall), are the major driving forces behind the adoption of CSA in South Asia. Implications of CSAs have positive impacts primarily on SDG-1, SDG-2, SDG-3, SDG-5, SDG-6, SDG-7, SDG-12, and SDG-13. The findings of this study hold important policy implications for creating an enabling environment that supports the widespread adoption of CSA practices. Key recommendations encompass establishing specialised training centres for women and elderly farmers, leveraging ICT tools, fostering collaboration between small and medium enterprises and agricultural agents, and enhancing market linkages and value chains for CSA products.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different forms of capital on the adoption of multiple climate-smart agriculture strategies by smallholder farmers in Assam, India","authors":"Jigyasa Sandilya, Kishor Goswami","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10112-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10112-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural production is affected by the threats of climate change, such as changes in the frequency of extreme events (such as flood and drought), changes in rainfall patterns, and increased pest attacks and diseases. As a result, the farmers face huge socio-economic losses in the form of loss of lives, loss of cultivable lands, loss in crop yield, and loss to infrastructure. The smallholder farmers who primarily depend on rainfed agriculture for a living bear major crop losses and threats to food security due to climate change. In order to enable the farmers to cope with the challenges associated with climate change, climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices were introduced. It must be noted that CSA practices depend on economic, environmental, and social attributes; hence, location-specific studies are required to identify the determinants of CSA adoption. The present study aims to identify the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adoption of CSA strategies in the highly vulnerable Nagaon district of India. Our study has incorporated six forms of capital: physical capital, social capital, human capital, financial capital, natural capital, and institutional capital in its analytical framework. The influence of these capitals is examined on the farmers’ adoption decision. We use a mixed-method approach to conduct the analysis. A multivariate probit model is used for the quantitative analysis, and excerpts from focus group discussions are presented as qualitative information gathered from field surveys. Three unique variables are included in the present study: the use of agricultural applications by smallholder farmers, the application of indigenous technical knowledge, and access to government-provided seeds. Each of the three variables was found to be statistically significant. Further, the study found the variables under social capital, physical capital, and institutional capital to be critical determinants affecting CSA adoption by smallholder farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributional impact of climate-smart villages on access to savings and credit and adoption of improved climate-smart agricultural practices in the Nyando Basin, Kenya","authors":"Marcel van Asseldonk, Remco Oostendorp, John Recha, John Gathiaka, Richard Mulwa, Maren Radeny, Cor Wattel, Lia van Wesenbeeck","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10123-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10123-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adoption of improved livestock breeds requires, as with other climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, upfront investments, which might be a significant barrier for smallholders. For this reason, the climate-smart village (CSV) approach not only includes CSA interventions, but also interventions to improve access to savings and credit among smallholders by means of a community-based approach. In this paper we study smallholders in CSVs in Kenya who were encouraged, among others, to adopt improved livestock breeds for crossbreeding with indigenous breeds to improve their resilience to climate change and variability. The farmers were also encouraged to become part of savings and credit groups to improve smallholder access to finance. The objective of this paper is thus to determine the (distributional) impact of CSVs on access to savings and credit and the adoption of improved CSA practices. Due to the as good as random selection of CSVs, we are able to estimate the treatment effects on the treated for the smallholders who decided to participate in the CSA intervention by means of a linear probability model. The analysis is based on a balanced panel of 118 farm households interviewed in 2017, 2019, and 2020. The main findings of this study are that the CSV intervention increased the adoption of improved livestock breeds. It also stimulated the membership of savings and credit groups which in turn stimulated the adoption of improved livestock breeds. These findings point to the importance of community-based savings and loan initiatives to mobilize finance among farmers enabling them to invest in CSA practices. Also, the introduction of improved breeds in CSVs has benefited especially the larger livestock owners. However, the availability of credit is found to have mitigated the concentration of improved livestock ownership since the diffusion of improved livestock in CSVs was somewhat more equitable than the (spontaneous) spill-over diffusion in the non-CSVs (reducing the Gini by 0.04).</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-smart agricultural practices for enhanced farm productivity, income, resilience, and greenhouse gas mitigation: a comprehensive review","authors":"Hongyun Zheng, Wanglin Ma, Quan He","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10124-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10124-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reviews the literature published between 2013 and 2023 to comprehensively understand the consequences of adopting climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices. We categorize the literature into three categories based on the scopes of climate-smart agriculture: (a) sustainably increase agricultural productivity and incomes; (b) adapt and build the resilience of people and agrifood systems to climate change; and (c) reduce or where possible, avoid greenhouse gas emissions. The review demonstrates that adopting CSA practices, in many instances, improves farm productivity and incomes. This increase manifests in increasing crop yields and productivity, income and profitability, and technical and resource use efficiency. Moreover, adopting CSA practices reinforces the resilience of farmers and agrifood systems by promoting food consumption, dietary diversity, and food security and mitigating production risks and vulnerabilities. Adopting CSA practices is environmentally feasible as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil quality. An integrative strategy encompassing diverse CSA practices portends an optimized avenue to chart a trajectory towards agrifood systems fortified against climatic change.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140205680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing compounding climate-related stresses and development pathways on the power sector in the central U.S.","authors":"Angelo Costa Gurgel, John Reilly, Jennifer Morris, C. Adam Schlosser, Xiang Gao, Mei Yuan, Karen Tapia-Ahumada","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10119-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10119-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Future configurations of the power system in the central region of the USA are dependent on relative costs of alternative power generation technologies, energy and environmental policies, and multiple climate-induced stresses. Higher demand in the summer months combined with compounding supply shocks in several power generation technologies can potentially cause a “perfect storm” leading to failure of the power system. Potential future climate stress must be incorporated in investment decisions and energy system planning and operation. We assess how projected future climate impacts on the power system would affect alternative pathways for the electricity sector considering a broad range of generation technologies and changes in demand. We calculate a “potential supply gap” metric for each pathway, system component, and sub-region of the US Heartland due to climate-induced effects on electricity demand and power generation. Potential supply gaps range from 5% in the North Central region under mild changes in climate to 21% in the Lakes-Mid Atlantic region under more severe climate change. We find increases in electricity demand to be more important in determining the size of the potential supply gap than stresses on power generation, while larger shares of renewables in the power system contribute to lower supply gaps. Our results provide a first step toward considering systemic climate impacts that may require changes in managing the grid or on potential additional capacity/reserves that may be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating water pollution in a Portuguese river basin under climate change through agricultural sustainable practices","authors":"José Pedro Ramião, Cláudia Pascoal, Rute Pinto, Cláudia Carvalho-Santos","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10121-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10121-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable agricultural practices have been extensively used to reduce water pollution; however, the effectiveness of these practices may be significantly affected by climate change. In this study, we assess the effectiveness of sustainable agricultural practices in reducing sediment and nutrient export to rivers under future climate conditions, using the Soil &amp; Water Assessment Tool in a Portuguese river basin exposed to high levels of agricultural pollution. In our study, filter strips demonstrated a significant mitigation effect on sediment and nutrient increases under simulated climate change conditions, with maximum sediment export depletion reaching 65% and the highest nutrient export depletion observed at 35%. The implementation of multiple sustainable practices resulted in the highest depletions, with a notable 71% depletion in sediment export and a 35% depletion in nutrient export. Additionally, our research underscores the crucial role of filter strips and multiple sustainable agricultural practices in mitigating the projected rise in nutrient concentrations during summer, given the effect of climate change on river discharge. Further studies exploring sustainable agricultural practices across different climates and watersheds can improve our understanding of their effectiveness for adaptation to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of using climate-smart agricultural practices on factor demand and input substitution among smallholder rice farmers in Nigeria","authors":"Mojisola Olanike Kehinde, Adebayo Musediku Shittu, Toluwalase Eniola Awe, Ayobami Ajayi","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10125-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10125-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The need to combat climate change and its devastating impacts while simultaneously addressing the urgent need to achieve zero hunger and no poverty as well as promoting good health and well-being makes transforming Africa’s smallholder agriculture towards greater sustainability an urgent necessity. This study examines the influence of the agricultural practices with climate-smart agriculture potentials (AP-CSAPs) on labour (and other production factors’) demand and input substitution. The study was based on primary data collected in a cross-section survey, in which 1500 smallholder rice farmers were drawn by a multistage random sampling across farming communities, local government areas, and states in Nigeria. The econometric data analysis was within the framework of Zellner’s Seemingly Unrelated Regression method in estimating parameters of a set of factor share equations. The study found that labour and fertilizer could not be readily substituted in Nigeria; hence, an increase in the unit price of labour and fertilizer results in a higher share of labour and fertilizer in the budget. In terms of the effects of AP-CSAP use on factor cost share, most of the AP-CSAPs are labour-intensive with the exception of agroforestry. Similarly, the use of organic manure and residue retention is significantly pesticide saving while zero/minimum tillage use is pesticide and fertilizer using. Given that most AP-CSAPs require higher labour requirements, their success is often impeded by labour shortages. Some of the policies to promote AP-CSAPs include creating incentives in the form of higher wages and/or compensation to bring people back to agriculture. Accessibility and availability of key inputs such as improved crop variety and seed of green manure and/or cover crops, and leveraging on community-driven development approach to provide labour-saving equipment to rice farmers, may boost the adoption of labour-using AP-CSAPs in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of climate-smart technologies on the success of livestock donation programs for smallholder farmers in Rwanda","authors":"John M. Kandulu, Alec Zuo, Sarah Wheeler, Theogene Dusingizimana, Mizeck G. G. Chagunda","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10120-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10120-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change threatens the livelihoods of Sub-Saharan African farmers through increased droughts. Livestock donation programs offer a potential solution, but their effectiveness under climate stress remains unclear. This study assesses the economic viability of integrating climate-smart technologies (cowsheds and biogas plants) into these programs in Rwanda. Using a stochastic benefit–cost analysis from the beneficiary perspective, we evaluate the net gains for households receiving heifers compared to the current program. Our findings reveal that integrating climate-smart technologies significantly enhances economic viability. Households with cows and climate-smart technologies can possibly realise net benefits 3.5 times higher than the current program, with benefit–cost ratios reaching 5:1. Beyond economic benefits, adopting biogas reduces deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, and respiratory illness risks. This study demonstrates that integrating climate-smart technologies into livestock donation programs can generate positive economic, environmental, and health benefits, leading to more resilient and sustainable smallholder systems. However, overcoming implementation challenges requires tailored policy packages addressing local barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}