{"title":"Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of NiTi 4D Structures: Influence of Interlayer Delay.","authors":"Shalini Singh, Iyamperumal Anand Palani, Christ Prakash Paul, Alexander Funk, Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0296","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shape memory alloy structures for actuator and vibration damper applications may be manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), which is one of the additive manufacturing technologies. Multilayer deposition causes heat accumulation during WAAM, which rises the preheat temperature of the previously created layer. This leads to process instabilities, which result in deviations from the desired dimensions and mechanical properties changes. During WAAM deposition of the wall structure, a systematic research is carried out by adjusting the interlayer delay from 10 to 30 s. When the delay period is increased from 10 to 30 s, the breadth decreases by 45% and the height increases by 33%. Grain refinement occurs when the interlayer delay duration is increased, resulting in better hardness, phase transformation temperature, compressive strength, and shape recovery behavior. This study shows how the interlayer delay affects the behavior of WAAM-built nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) structures in a variety of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49232313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Valvez, Manuel Oliveira-Santos, Lino Gonçalves, Ana M Amaro, Ana P Piedade
{"title":"Preprocedural Planning of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Review of the Use of Additive Manufacturing.","authors":"Sara Valvez, Manuel Oliveira-Santos, Lino Gonçalves, Ana M Amaro, Ana P Piedade","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0373","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a significant public health problem, with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) being one of its main causes. This cardiovascular arrhythmia predisposes to the production of intracardiac thrombi, mostly formed in the left atrial appendage (LAA). When there are contraindications to treatment with oral anticoagulants, another therapeutic option to reduce the possibility of thrombus formation in the LAA is the implantation of an occlusion device by cardiac catheterization. The effectiveness of LAA occlusion is dependent on accurate preprocedural device sizing and proper device positioning at the LAA ostium, to ensure sufficient device anchoring and avoid peri-device leaks. Additive manufacturing, commonly known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), of LAA models is beginning to emerge in the scientific literature to address these challenges through procedural simulation. This review aims at clarifying the impact of 3DP on preprocedural planning of LAA occlusion, specifically in the training of cardiac surgeons and in the assessment of the perfect adjustment between the LAA and the biomedical implant.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuanchu Su, Yanhu Wang, Weimin Wu, Sergey Konovalov, Lei Huang, Xizhang Chen, Shuyang Qin
{"title":"<i>In Situ</i> Wire + Powder Synchronous Arc Additive Manufacturing of Ti-Cu Alloys.","authors":"Chuanchu Su, Yanhu Wang, Weimin Wu, Sergey Konovalov, Lei Huang, Xizhang Chen, Shuyang Qin","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0378","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a new wire + powder synchronous arc additive manufacturing technique was used to manufacture Ti-Cu alloys. The microstructure and properties of the as-fabricated alloys were studied. The results showed that the prepared Ti-Cu alloys have good properties. The Cu with high growth restriction factor can increase the constitutional supercooling zone in the Ti-Cu alloys, which can override the negative effect of a high thermal gradient in the manufacturing process. Through the observation of the microstructure, the as-printed Ti-Cu alloy specimens have equiaxed fine-grained microstructure. Through corrosion performance analysis, the Cu can also make the passivation film of the alloy more compact and make the alloy more corrosion resistant.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42984838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaan Liu, Richard Davies, Nan Yi, Paul McCutchion, Binling Chen, Oana Ghita
{"title":"Multiscale Porous Poly (Ether-Ether-Ketone) Structures Manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion Process.","authors":"Yaan Liu, Richard Davies, Nan Yi, Paul McCutchion, Binling Chen, Oana Ghita","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0317","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study is to create a multiscale highly porous poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) structure while maintaining mechanical performance; the distribution of pores being generated by the manufacturing process combined with a porogen leaching operation. Salt at 70 wt% concentration was used as a porogen in a dry blend with PEEK powder sintered in the powder bed fusion process. The printed porous PEEK structures were examined and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and mechanical testing. The PEEK structures incorporating 70 wt% salt achieved 79-86% porosity, a compressive yield strength of 4.1 MPa, and a yield strain of ∼60%. Due to the salt leaching process, the PEEK porous frameworks were fabricated without the need to drastically reduce the process parameters (defined by the energy density [ED]), hence maintaining the structural integrity and good mechanical performance. The compression results highlighted that the performance is influenced by the printing orientation, level of the PEEK particle coalescence (controlled here by the ED), pore/cell wall thickness, and subsequently, the overall porosity framework. The porous printed PEEK structures could find potential uses in a wide range of applications from tissue engineering, filtration and separation to catalysts, drug release, and gas storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44737530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timo Baroth, Sebastian Loewner, Henrik Heymann, Fabian Cholewa, Holger Blume, Cornelia Blume
{"title":"An Intelligent and Efficient Workflow for Path-Oriented 3D Bioprinting of Tubular Scaffolds.","authors":"Timo Baroth, Sebastian Loewner, Henrik Heymann, Fabian Cholewa, Holger Blume, Cornelia Blume","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0201","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern 3D printing is a valuable tool for tissue engineering (TE), and the fabrication of complex geometries such as tubular scaffolds with adaptable structure, for example, as replacements for intestines, bronchi, esophagus, or vessels, could contribute to standardized procedures in the future of regenerative medicine. However, high-precision bioprinting of scaffolds for tubular TE applications remain a major challenge and is an arduous endeavor with currently available three-axis bioprinters, which are limited to planar, layer-by-layer printing processes. In this work, a novel, straightforward workflow for creating toolpaths and command sets for tubular scaffolds is presented. By combining a custom software application with commercial 3D design software, a comparatively large degree of design freedom was achieved while ensuring ease of use and extensibility for future research needs. As a hardware platform, two commercial 3D bioprinters were retrofitted with a rotary axis to accommodate cylindrical mandrels as print beds, overcoming the limitations of planar print beds. The printing process using the new method was evaluated in terms of the mechanical, actuation, and synchronization characteristics of the linear and rotating axes, as well as the stability of the printing process. In this context, it became clear that extrusion-based printing processes are very sensitive to positioning errors when used with small nozzles. Despite these technical difficulties, the new process can produce single-layer, multilayer, and multimaterial structures with a wide range of pore geometries. In addition, extrusion-based printing processes can be combined with melt electrowriting to produce durable scaffolds with features in the micrometer to millimeter range. Overall, the suitability of this setup for a wide range of TE applications has thus been demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48829938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comprehensive Overview of Additive Manufacturing Processes Through a Time-Based Classification Model.","authors":"Maria Koltsaki, Maria Mavri","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0167","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic produced major reshuffles on the world map, bringing imbalance, uncertainty, and accumulated stress. Due to supply chain disruptions, the need for innovation has emerged both as a priority and a necessity and three-dimensional printing (3DP) proved to be a primary, smart, effective, and innovative additive manufacturing (AM) method. AM refers to the direct fabrication of complex geometries, using a computer-aided design (CAD) model or a three-dimensional scanner output. This article presents a literature review of AM technologies, chronologically sorted, and proposes a multilevel classification model. The suggested research approach appears a triangular methodology that encompasses the current ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 report. The first objective of this article is to form two double-level classification models of AM processes, depending on the technology and material factors. The second objective is to clarify in which of the proposed categories each AM process is included; and the third one is to investigate if the proposed taxonomy is related to the time spot, in which AM processes were invented. The contribution of this article lies in determining the factors that are crucial for the growth of AM ecosystem. The novelty of the proposed classification lies in the definition of an optimal option for each industrial application based on the different AM processes, the variety of materials, and the evolution of technology over the years. In this way, investing in AM is more systematic and less risky.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48822404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ümit Tayfun, Seha Tirkeş, Mehmet Doğan, Süha Tirkeş, Mehmet Zahmakıran
{"title":"Comparative Performance Study of Acidic Pumice and Basic Pumice Inclusions for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene-Based Composite Filaments.","authors":"Ümit Tayfun, Seha Tirkeş, Mehmet Doğan, Süha Tirkeş, Mehmet Zahmakıran","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0228","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to evaluate the effective use of porous pumice powder as an additive in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)-based composite materials. The influence of pumice addition on mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, and physical properties of ABS filaments was reported. Two types of pumice, namely acidic pumice (AP) and basic pumice (BP), were melt compounded with ABS at loading levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight using the melt extrusion preparation method. Composites were shaped into dog bone test specimens by the injection molding process. The physical properties of pumice powders were investigated by particle size analysis and X-ray spectroscopy techniques. Mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, melt flow, and morphological behaviors of ABS/AP and ABS/BP composite filaments were proposed. According to test results, pumice addition led to an increase in the mechanical response of ABS up to a filling ratio of 10%. Further inclusion of pumice caused sharp reduction due to the possible agglomeration of pumice particles. Composites filled with AP yielded remarkably higher mechanical performance in terms of tensile, impact, and hardness strength compared with BP-loaded composites. According to thermal analyses, ABS exhibited higher thermal stability after incorporation of AP and BP. Pumice addition also resulted in raising the glass transition temperature of ABS. Melt flow index (MFI) findings revealed that addition of two types of pumice led to an opposite trend in the melt flow behavior of ABS filaments. Homogeneous dispersion of pumice particles into the ABS matrix when adding low amounts, as well as reduction in dispersion homogeneity with high amounts, of AP and BP was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shape Memory Effect of Four-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid-Based Scaffold with Nature-Inspired Structure.","authors":"Mohit Kumar, Varun Sharma","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0269","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The four-dimensional (4D) printing is an evolving technology that has immense scope in various fields of science and technology owing to ever-challenging needs of human. It is an innovative upgradation of 3D printing procedure, which instills smart capabilities into materials such that they respond to external stimulus. This article aims to investigate the feasibility of 4D printing of polylactic acid (PLA)-based composite scaffolds fabricated by incorporating four different nature-inspired architectures (honeycomb, giant water lily, spiderweb, and nautilus shell). The composites were developed by adding 1, 3, and 5 wt.% of Calcium Phosphate (CaP) into PLA. Various thermomechanical tests were accomplished to evaluate the properties of developed material. Furthermore, the shape memory characteristics of these scaffolds were examined using thermally controlled conditions. The characterization tests displayed favorable outcomes in terms of thermal stability and hydrophilic nature of the PLA and PLA/CaP composite materials. It was found that the honeycomb structure showed the best shape memory and mechanical behavior among the four designs. Furthermore, the introduction of CaP was found to enhance mechanical strength and shape memory property, whereas the surface integrity was adversely affected. This study can play a vital role in developing self-fitting high-shape recovery biomedical scaffolds for bone-repair applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45334985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. T. Wibisono, Cho Pei Jiang, David Culler, Ehsan Toyserkani
{"title":"Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Stainless Steel 316L for Rectangular Micropillar Array with High Geometrical Accuracy and Hardness","authors":"A. T. Wibisono, Cho Pei Jiang, David Culler, Ehsan Toyserkani","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}