Neurophotonics最新文献

{"title":"Review of cocaine-induced brain vascular and cellular function changes measured <i>in vivo</i> with optical imaging.","authors":"Congwu Du, Hyomin Jeong, Alan P Koretsky, Yingtian Pan","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14611","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Cocaine exerts effects on vascular and cellular functions in the brain. The interactions among cerebrovasculature, neurons, and astrocytes and their dynamic changes during exposure complicate the understanding of its effects. Therefore, there is a need for simultaneous, multiparameter <i>in vivo</i> measurements to accurately distinguish these effects.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>A multimodal optical imaging approach that is tailored to investigate cocaine's effects on cerebrovasculature, neurons, and astrocytes in high-spatiotemporal resolution and large field of view is presented with comparisons to other modalities.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>This approach integrates optical coherence tomography, fluorescence, and spectral absorption imaging to permit high-resolution imaging of 3D cerebrovessels, cerebral blood flow (CBF), changes in oxygenated/deoxygenated hemoglobin, and large-scale cellular activities via intracellular calcium fluorescence expressed through genetically encoded calcium indicators in the mouse cortex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that cocaine induces vasoconstriction and reduces CBF, thus increasing the susceptibility of the brain to ischemia with chronic exposure. Moreover, cocaine alters neuronal activity and frontal responses to deep brain stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings on cocaine's effects on the neuro-astroglial-vascular network in the prefrontal cortex highlight the unique capacity of optical imaging to reveal the cellular and vascular mechanisms underlying cocaine's neurotoxic effects on brain function.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 Suppl 1","pages":"S14611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases synaptic plasticity of cortical axons in the APP/PS1 amyloidosis mouse model.","authors":"Barbora Fulopova, William Bennett, Alison J Canty","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14613","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Growing evidence highlights the therapeutic potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in diseases causing dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, individual responses to rTMS are variable, and its underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>As synaptic dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms associated with cognitive deficits in dementia, we investigated the effect of rTMS on cortical synapses using an APP/PS1 amyloidosis mouse model of AD crossed with fluorescent reporters linked to the Thy-1 promoter.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Using <i>in vivo</i> two-photon imaging, we characterized the plasticity of excitatory <i>terminaux</i> (TB) and <i>en passant</i> (EPB) axonal boutons at 48-h intervals for 8 days on either side of a single session of rTMS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found both types of axonal boutons preserved the overall number of their synaptic outputs in wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 groups, pre- and post-stimulation. Both synapse types also showed a significantly reduced dynamic fraction in APP/PS1 compared with WT axons pre-stimulation. Following stimulation, the TB, but not EPB, dynamic fraction increased in both WT and APP/PS1 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This suggests possible mechanisms of rTMS action that are cell type-specific and, together with previous findings of improved functional performance, present a potential clinical avenue for rTMS in the management of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 Suppl 1","pages":"S14613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary locomotion induces an early and remote hemodynamic decrease in the large cerebral veins.","authors":"Beth Eyre, Kira Shaw, Sheila Francis, Clare Howarth, Jason Berwick","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14609","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Behavior regulates dural and cerebral vessels, with spontaneous locomotion inducing dural vessel constriction and increasing stimulus-evoked cerebral hemodynamic responses. It is vital to investigate the function of different vascular network components, surrounding and within the brain, to better understand the role of the neurovascular unit in health and neurodegeneration.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We characterized locomotion-induced hemodynamic responses across vascular compartments of the whisker barrel cortex: artery, vein, parenchyma, draining, and meningeal vein.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Using 2D-OIS, hemodynamic responses during locomotion were recorded in 9- to 12-month-old awake mice: wild-type, Alzheimer's disease (AD), atherosclerosis, or mixed (atherosclerosis/AD) models. Within the somatosensory cortex, responses were taken from pial vessels inside the whisker barrel region [(WBR): \"whisker artery\" and \"whisker vein\"], a large vein from the sagittal sinus adjacent to the WBR (draining vein), and meningeal vessels from the dura mater (which do not penetrate cortical tissue).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate that locomotion evokes an initial decrease in total hemoglobin (HbT) within the draining vein before the increase in HbT within WBR vessels. The locomotion event size influences the magnitude of the HbT increase in the pial vessels of the WBR but not of the early HbT decrease within the draining veins. Following locomotion onset, an early HbT decrease was also observed in the overlying meningeal vessels, which unlike within the cortex did not go on to exceed baseline HbT levels during the remainder of the locomotion response. We show that locomotion-induced hemodynamic responses are altered in disease in the draining vein and whisker artery, suggesting this could be an important neurodegeneration biomarker.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This initial reduction in HbT within the draining and meningeal veins potentially serves as a \"space-saving\" mechanism, allowing for large increases in cortical HbT associated with locomotion. Given this mechanism is impacted by disease, it may provide an important target for vascular-based therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 Suppl 1","pages":"S14609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex difference in language cognition in the elderly group: a near-infrared spectroscopy study.","authors":"Yizhu Tian, Wenyu Jiang, Mingxi Yang, Di Wu, Xiang Li, Deyu Li, Daifa Wang, Meiyun Xia","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.015007","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.015007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>There are sex differences in the incidence and prevalence of cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Whether this difference is already present in the preclinical stage of the disease is unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to explore whether there are sex differences in brain functional activities of specific cognitive tasks in the elderly and identify sex-related biomarkers of specific cognitive functions, which may provide important references for the mechanism disclosure and clinical early screening and diagnosis of cognitive disorders.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We measured global cerebral hemoglobin concentrations and connectivity in elderly male ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>45</mn></mrow> </math> ) and female ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>44</mn></mrow> </math> ) groups during the letter and category verbal fluency tasks. The sex differences in activation and connectivity and their relationship with task performance were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that there is a significant sex difference in connectivity, especially connectivity between the left inferior parietal and right prefrontal and left and right occipital in letter tasks, including the connectivity in parietal, left inferior parietal, and left occipital in category tasks. These connectivities were also significantly negatively correlated with the task performance of male groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated the connectivity between the left inferior parietal and right prefrontal, left and right occipital in letter tasks; the internal connectivity in the parietal; and the connectivity between parietal and the left inferior parietal and right occipital in category tasks may be crucial for verbal assessment of aging males. It is expected that the results will assist in cognitive assessment in the elderly group.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"015007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrovascular alterations in a mouse model of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Christian Crouzet, Danny F Xie, Maiella Nona Laquindanum Nuqui, Jonathan Hasselman, Thinh Phan, Robert H Wilson, David Baglietto-Vargas, Celia Da Cunha, Hayk Davtyan, Stefania Forner, Amandine Jullienne, Afsheen Bazrafkan, Frank M LaFerla, Andre Obenaus, Mathew Blurton-Jones, Yama Akbari, Kim N Green, Bernard Choi","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14614","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.S1.S14614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with cerebrovascular alterations contributing to cognitive decline. Assessing cerebrovascular changes in mouse models that mimic the human condition of late-onset, sporadic AD is important for better human applicability.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess cerebrovascular changes in three mouse models: (1) 3xTg-AD; (2) the humanized amyloid-beta knock-in ( <math><mrow><mi>hA</mi> <mi>β</mi></mrow> </math> -KI) mouse model of late-onset, sporadic AD; and (3) age-matched wild-type mice.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We measured resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurovascular coupling (NVC) using laser speckle imaging (LSI) and performed <i>ex vivo</i> analyses of gene expression and cerebrovascular structure using bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing and confocal microscopy, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study identifies specific cerebrovascular alterations in the <math><mrow><mi>hA</mi> <mi>β</mi></mrow> </math> -KI mouse model, including increased resting-state CBF, a shift toward smaller blood vessel diameters, impaired NVC, and transcriptomic changes related to metabolism and inflammation. Notably, we found that the increased resting-state CBF was primarily associated with female <math><mrow><mi>hA</mi> <mi>β</mi></mrow> </math> -KI mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that the <math><mrow><mi>hA</mi> <mi>β</mi></mrow> </math> -KI mouse model exhibits cerebrovascular alterations that warrant further investigation to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Expanding these studies could enhance our understanding of cerebrovascular alterations in AD and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 Suppl 1","pages":"S14614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FASER: a tool for vectorial point spread function simulation with applications in stimulated emission depletion microscopy.","authors":"Johannes Roos, Stéphane Bancelin, U Valentin Nägerl","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.017801","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.017801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce FASER, a software package designed to simulate the excitation point spread functions (PSFs) of microscopes. It is written in Python as a plugin for the open-source platform Napari. Using a full-vectorial computational approach to simulate the electromagnetic fields within the focal region makes precise predictions and allows detailed analyses of excitation PSFs. FASER is intended as a pedagogical tool enabling users to explore the impacts of various geometrical and optical parameters of practical importance on the performance of the microscope. It supports the modeling of complex beam profiles, including donut and bottle-shaped beams, which are commonly used in advanced microscopy techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Through specific simulations and accessible illustrations, we showcase FASER's capabilities in capturing characteristic features of STED microscopy, making it a practical resource for researchers and students in optical microscopy to explore and optimize high-resolution imaging techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"017801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating anatomically derived, standardized, customizable, and three-dimensional printable head caps for functional neuroimaging.","authors":"Ashlyn McCann, Edward Xu, Fan-Yu Yen, Noah Joseph, Qianqian Fang","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.015016","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.015016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Consistent and accurate probe placement is a crucial step toward enhancing the reproducibility of longitudinal and group-based functional neuroimaging studies. Although the selection of headgear is central to these efforts, there does not currently exist a standardized design that can accommodate diverse probe configurations and experimental procedures.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to provide the community with an open-source software pipeline for conveniently creating low-cost, three-dimensional (3D) printable neuroimaging head caps with anatomically significant landmarks integrated into the structure of the cap.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We utilize our advanced 3D head mesh generation toolbox and 10-20 head landmark calculations to quickly convert a subject's anatomical scan or an atlas into a 3D printable head cap model. The 3D modeling environment of the open-source Blender platform permits advanced mesh processing features to customize the cap. The design process is streamlined into a Blender add-on named \"NeuroCaptain.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the intuitive user interface, we create various head cap models using brain atlases and share those with the community. The resulting mesh-based head cap designs are readily 3D printable using off-the-shelf printers and filaments while accurately preserving the head geometry and landmarks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The methods developed in this work result in a widely accessible tool for community members to design, customize, and fabricate caps that incorporate anatomically derived landmarks. This not only permits personalized head cap designs to achieve improved accuracy but also offers an open platform for the community to propose standardizable head caps to facilitate multi-centered data collection and sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"015016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable scanning diffuse speckle contrast imaging of cerebral blood flow.","authors":"Faezeh Akbari, Xuhui Liu, Fatemeh Hamedi, Mehrana Mohtasebi, Li Chen, Lei Chen, Guoqiang Yu","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.015006","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.12.1.015006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging is crucial for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases. However, existing large neuroimaging techniques with high cost, low sampling rate, and poor mobility make them unsuitable for continuous and longitudinal CBF monitoring at the bedside.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to develop a low-cost, portable, programmable scanning diffuse speckle contrast imaging (PS-DSCI) technology for fast, high-density, and depth-sensitive imaging of CBF in rodents.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The PS-DSCI employed a programmable digital micromirror device (DMD) for remote line-shaped laser (785 nm) scanning on tissue surface and synchronized a 2D camera for capturing boundary diffuse laser speckle contrasts. New algorithms were developed to address deformations of line-shaped scanning, thus minimizing CBF reconstruction artifacts. The PS-DSCI was examined in head-simulating phantoms and adult mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PS-DSCI enables resolving intralipid particle flow contrasts at different tissue depths. <i>In vivo</i> experiments in adult mice demonstrated the capability of PS-DSCI to image global/regional CBF variations induced by 8% <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> inhalation and transient carotid artery ligations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with conventional point scanning, line scanning in PS-DSCI significantly increases spatiotemporal resolution. The high sampling rate of PS-DSCI is crucial for capturing rapid CBF changes while high spatial resolution is important for visualizing brain vasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"015006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping multi-regional functional connectivity of astrocyte-neuronal networks during behaviors.","authors":"Haoyu Wang, Mingzhu Huang, Shaofan Yang, Jiameng Xu, Jin Li, Han Qin, Shanshan Liang, Teng Teng, Chuanyan Yang, Mingyue Gong, Yong He, Xingyi Li, Huiquan Wang, Xiang Liao, Xiaowei Chen, Zhiqi Yang, Kuan Zhang","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.4.045010","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.4.045010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Diverse behaviors rely on coordinated activity and multi-regional functional connectivity within astrocyte-neuronal networks. However, current techniques for simultaneously measuring astrocytic and neuronal activities across multiple brain regions during behaviors remain limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We propose a multi-fiber solution that can simultaneously record activities of astrocyte-neuronal networks across multiple regions during behaviors.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We employed cell-specific dual-color genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) and multi-fiber photometry to simultaneously measure astrocytic and neuronal Ca²⁺ transients across multiple brain regions in freely behaving animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that both movements and sensory stimuli induce synchronized and highly correlated Ca²⁺ transients in astrocytes and neurons of freely behaving mice. In addition, we recorded astrocytic and neuronal Ca²⁺ transients from multiple brain regions during mouse behaviors. Our observations reveal heightened synchronization of astrocytic and neuronal Ca²⁺ transients across different brain regions during movements or sensory stimuli, indicating enhanced functional connectivity within brain-wide astrocyte-neuronal networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multi-fiber photometry, combined with cell-specific dual-color GECIs, represents a powerful approach for investigating astrocytic and neuronal activities across different brain regions during behaviors. This technique serves as a versatile tool for analyzing the multi-regional functional connectivity map of astrocyte-neuronal networks associated with specific behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 4","pages":"045010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological functional near-infrared spectroscopy in mobile children: using short separation channels to correct for systemic contamination during naturalistic neuroimaging.","authors":"Paola Pinti, Larisa M Dina, Tim J Smith","doi":"10.1117/1.NPh.11.4.045004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.11.4.045004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The advances and miniaturization in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) instrumentation offer the potential to move the classical laboratory-based cognitive neuroscience investigations into more naturalistic settings. Wearable and mobile fNIRS devices also provide a novel child-friendly means to image functional brain activity in freely moving toddlers and preschoolers. Measuring brain activity in more ecologically valid settings with fNIRS presents additional challenges, such as the increased impact of physiological interferences. One of the most popular methods for minimizing such interferences is to regress out short separation channels from the long separation channels [i.e., superficial signal regression (SSR)]. Although this has been extensively investigated in adults, little is known about the impact of systemic changes on the fNIRS signals recorded in children in either classical or novel naturalistic experiments.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate if extracerebral physiological changes occur in toddlers and preschoolers and whether SSR can help minimize these interferences.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We collected fNIRS data from 3- to 7-year-olds during a conventional computerized static task and in a dynamic naturalistic task in an immersive virtual reality (VR) cave automatic virtual environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that superficial signal contamination data are present in young children as in adults. Importantly, we find that SSR helps in improving the localization of functional brain activity, both in the computerized task and, to a larger extent, in the dynamic VR task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following these results, we formulate suggestions to advance the field of developmental neuroimaging with fNIRS, particularly in ecological settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54335,"journal":{"name":"Neurophotonics","volume":"11 4","pages":"045004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}