Conservation Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Biochemical parameters as early indicators of seagrass transplant's health.","authors":"Alize Deguette, Filipe Parreira, Rui Santos, Isabel Barrote, João Silva","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seagrass restoration efforts have multiplied in the last years, with very diverse success rates, justifying the need for a better understanding of the physiological aspect of transplant operations. For the first time, biochemical parameters were used as early indicators of transplant's health. In this study, two seagrass species were transplanted using two distinct modalities per species. <i>Zostera marina</i> was transplanted in bundles of five and ten shoots and <i>Cymodocea nodosa</i> was transplanted with original sediment in trays and as bare rhizome segments of at least three shoots. Oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigment and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content in leaves and rhizomes were investigated before transplant and four weeks after transplant. Results revealed some significant method-specific early biochemical responses to transplant for <i>C. nodosa. Cymodocea nodosa</i> shoots transplanted in segments showed radical shifts in NSC storage and chlorophyll content whereas antioxidant activity was further triggered in <i>C. nodosa</i> transplanted in trays. Shoot density may be an important factor to consider when selecting the best transplant method for <i>Z. marina</i>, but no differences were observed in the early biochemical parameters measured. The results of this short-term biochemical monitoring suggest that transplanting <i>C. nodosa</i> in trays could be less disruptive for the plant's biochemistry than bare-rhizome methods. This study provides insights into biochemical responses post-transplantation and emphasizes the need for adaptable restoration strategies. Coupled with transplant survival, morphological parameters and long-term monitoring, biochemical metrics can be used as a sensitive tool to monitor short-term responses in seagrass meadows.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burst swimming in sockeye salmon during their 1100 km upstream migration.","authors":"Kim Birnie-Gauvin, Kendra A Robinson, Evan E Byrnes, Jacey C Van Wert, Jeremy G Venditti, Steven J Cooke, Erika J Eliason, David A Patterson","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada), some sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>) populations migrate upwards of 1100 km to reach their spawning grounds and encounter challenging river conditions. Understanding how sockeye salmon partition their finite energy budget into aerobic (sustained) and anaerobic (burst) swimming could help us understand why some fish successfully make it to the spawning grounds while others do not. We tagged sockeye salmon upon their entry in freshwater with archival accelerometer radio tags and recovered 16 tags on the spawning grounds, providing us with the first full migration datasets from which we can quantify burst swimming. We found that the type of bursts (e.g. duration, maxima, peak count and effort) varies along their migration, likely reflecting changing flow dynamics and channel morphology, but that on average, fish only spend 1.2% of their migration bursting. Unsurprisingly, the Fraser Canyon required significantly more bursting than the remainder of their migration, representing 75.3% of the cumulative bursting effort despite representing only 35% of the distance. In this reach, sockeye salmon performed on average 4.5 bursts per km and 117 bursts per day, representing an effort of 40.0 <i>g</i> km^-1, which is significantly more than in any other reach. Moreover, we found that in the early phases of the migration (Lower Fraser and Canyon), salmon avoided bursting at night-time. We did not however find evidence of individual repeatability in the types of bursts that individual fish perform. Our study is the first to quantify burst swimming over a 1100 km migratory route in sockeye salmon. Our findings indicate that despite the repeated need to burst, salmon are equipped to do so in an energy-conserving way. This knowledge is useful for resource managers as they make decisions about mitigation actions that could make migrations easier especially in the context of a warmer future.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologging and biotelemetry tools bridge behaviour and physiology to advance the conservation and management of wildlife.","authors":"Steven J Cooke, Maria Thaker, Jessica Kendall-Bar, Emily S Choy, Emily Bennitt, Kim Birnie-Gauvin, Morgan L Piczak, L Monica Trondrud, Luc LaRochelle, Shane K Maloney, Andrea Fuller","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early days of animal tagging and tracking using electronic tags were largely restricted to biologists who were electronics hobbyists capable of creating their own devices. Studies were typically characterized by low sample sizes due to lack of storage, large tags with short lifespans and fickle technology, yet those early studies were also important in revealing what was possible. Today, there is an ever-expanding array of commercially available biologging and biotelemetry tools that employ a wide range of sensors that enable us to study the behaviour and physiology of animals, from insects to whales, from the depths of the oceans to high in the atmosphere. The use of multiple sensors can allow us to explore animal-environment interactions and better inform conservation and management. From the identification of problems to the testing of solutions, biologging and biotelemetry are ideal for generating robust, ecologically relevant and management-relevant data. In this perspective article, we first briefly summarize the history of biologging and biotelemetry and consider the ethical aspects of the use of these tools. We then use the Conservation Measures Partnership IUCN Threat Classification and Conservation Action Classification to summarize the key ways in which these tools can be applied to support conservation and management. Finally, we identify opportunities to further advance the ability of those tools to generate effective and durable conservation solutions for the benefit of wildlife and people. This paper is not a comprehensive review but rather a forward-looking and practical perspective that spans applications, taxa, regions and issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Could hair cortisol in free-ranging cattle be a proxy of wolf predation patterns?","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coag065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coag002.].</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Dynamic time warping analysis of accelerometry data: a tool for interpreting fine-scale movement patterns during fish angling events.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coag067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coag034.].</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-scale body condition dynamics in elk revealed by implanted bioimpedance biologgers.","authors":"Mark A Ditmer, Mary E Wood, Pauline Nol, Maicie L Lingwall, Michel P Laforge, Adam F Parlin, Timothy G Laske, George Wittemyer","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body condition shapes ungulate survival and reproduction, but temporally sparse capture-based measurements limit inference about when individuals gain or lose fat reserves in response to environmental change. We evaluated implanted biologgers that measure bioimpedance, based on the electrical conductivity of tissue, as a continuous signal of body condition dynamics in captive elk. Adult female elk (<i>n</i> = 4) were implanted with subcutaneous biologgers that recorded bioimpedance every 4 h during a ~6-month feeding experiment inducing gradual condition loss and recovery. We quantified correspondence between bioimpedance and maximum rump fat thickness measured approximately monthly, lagged relationships between daily caloric intake and bioimpedance and whether 4-h bioimpedance variability was associated with camera-derived feeding and drinking time budgets. Weekly bioimpedance showed strong within-individual correlation with maximum rump fat thickness, with Spearman correlations of 0.75-0.96 during dietary restriction (mean = 0.90) and 0.96-0.98 during the normal feeding schedule for three elk (mean = 0.97). Bioimpedance also covaried with caloric intake, but the timing of the association varied among elk: correlations between first differences of smoothed daily calories and smoothed daily impedance peaked at lags spanning 0-60 days, with the fattest individual showing the minimum lag (0 day). Coupling was more consistent during restriction than during the gain phase, suggesting reserve loss may act faster than rebuilding. At the finest scale, feeding and drinking behaviour explained only a portion of 4-h impedance variation and was most consistent with multi-day (72 h) summaries. Together, these results indicate that biologger-derived bioimpedance provides a continuous, within-individual indicator of condition dynamics across hours to weeks. Although additional calibration will be needed to translate raw impedance into absolute fat estimates across animals, this approach enables inference about the timing, rate and extrema of fat-reserve change, with applications for monitoring nutritional status and evaluating habitat and management outcomes in free-ranging wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13506165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D status in North American managed black rhinoceros (<i>Diceros bicornis</i>) and white rhinoceros (<i>Ceratotherium simum</i>).","authors":"Shauni Windle, Terri L Roth","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black rhinoceros (<i>Diceros bicornis</i>) and white rhinoceros (<i>Ceratotherium simum</i>) in managed care experience environmental conditions that differ from those in the wild, including potential variation in exposure to ultraviolet B radiation, which may influence vitamin D status. In other species, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to skeletal, muscular, and reproductive disorders, but information on vitamin D in managed rhinoceros remains limited. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25OHD₂ and 25OHD₃, respectively) concentrations in black and white rhinoceroses housed at North American institutions. Data were evaluated for potential differences in vitamin D associated with species, sex, age, season, location, and female reproductive status. 25OHD₂ was undetectable in more than 50% of white rhinoceros samples and 80% of black rhinoceros samples. Conversely, 25OHD₃ concentrations varied significantly with season and location (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with higher concentrations during summer months and in regions of greater solar irradiance. No relationships were identified between 25OHD₃ concentrations and species, sex, age, or reproductive status. These findings provide the first vitamin D reference data for managed white rhinoceros and expand available information for black rhinoceroses. Together, the results suggest that environmental factors such as sunlight exposure have a greater influence on circulating vitamin D than demographic characteristics, providing a foundation for further investigation into how management conditions impact vitamin D metabolism and associated health in managed rhinoceroses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13503961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into avian and chiropteran thermal risk exposure in a warming world.","authors":"V M Mdluli, M J Noakes, S R Conradie","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change threatens biodiversity by challenging animals' ability to balance energy and water budgets, across timescales ranging from (i) acute-lethal (hours-to-days) to (ii) chronic-sublethal (days-to-weeks). However, predicting the effects of heat exposure over these timescales is complicated by inter- and intraspecific variability in traits, such as physiological tolerances, life-history strategies and the surrounding microhabitat. To address these challenges, we synthesize current knowledge of the physiological and behavioural mechanisms underpinning acute and chronic thermal risks in small endotherms, focusing on birds and bats. We review thermal risks and the key traits determining vulnerability from a biophysical modelling perspective. We then critically evaluate the growing use of biophysical models to predict thermal vulnerability, emphasizing their value but also the risk of oversimplification in the absence of empirical validation. Importantly, most models assume fixed physiological trait values and thermal thresholds and do not incorporate phenotypic plasticity. We also identify key knowledge gaps that constrain predictive capacity, including limited data on dehydration tolerance and heat tolerance thresholds, particularly in bats; incomplete understanding of reaction norms and acclimatory timescales; and poor resolution of how individual thermal trade-offs scale to population dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spikes in the data: biological validation and applications of an assay for detecting faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in Western European hedgehogs (<i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>).","authors":"Emily Harper, Kelly Yarnell, Rupert Palme, Dawn M Scott, Iain Barber, Richard W Yarnell","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment of wildlife health and welfare is an increasingly important tool in identifying environmental stressors affecting species of conservation concern. An improved understanding of physiological responses to stress can inform management practises and provide methods for detecting factors that may influence individual and population viability. Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) are a popular non-invasive proxy for stress. To measure FGMs, the chosen assay must be sensitive to changes, and biological validation is required to demonstrate that these changes are relevant responses to stress. This study carried out a preliminary validation of three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) previously used on mammals, and biologically validated the most sensitive assay for use in Western European hedgehogs (<i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>), which are classified as Near Threatened (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and are a species of European conservation concern. All three assays were sensitive to FGM changes, with the 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone EIA (hereafter, 'assay 69a') showing the greatest increase above baseline, and therefore being the most sensitive. A biological validation using assay 69a compared FGMs from hedgehogs exposed to stressors after admission to rehabilitation (Day 1) with FGMs collected 7 days later (Day 7) following veterinary care. Individual FGMs were highest on Day 1 (x- = 743 ng/g, standard deviation [SD] = 602.7) and reduced by Day 7 (x- = 224 ng/g, SD = 207.5). Hedgehogs with FGMs below 1000 ng/g had an 82% chance of surviving rehabilitation; at 3000 ng/g, they had a 52% chance of survival, while survival rates for those with FGMs over 10 000 ng/g were less than 1%. Finally, a comparison of wild hedgehogs with and without the parasite <i>Capillaria</i> showed higher FGMs in infected individuals, demonstrating the utility of assay 69a for measuring different stressors in Western European hedgehogs. We recommend that assay 69a be used in future hedgehog conservation and welfare studies, to better understand the environmental, and anthropogenic stressors that may contribute to their ongoing decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiology and the future of animals in shifting-sand deserts: respiration, energetics and water balance.","authors":"Duncan Mitchell, Mary K Seely, Shane K Maloney","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coag058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/conphys/coag058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The many invertebrates and reptiles of the shifting-sand deserts, and their rare mammals, live in and on the sand. Their conservation requires a thorough understanding of the physiological mechanisms that not only enable them to function, but that may buffer them against future change. The almost-spherical shape of the aeolian sand grains of shifting-sand deserts enables gas diffusion from the surface to maintain a normoxic environment deep in the sand, with sufficient volume to sustain sand-swimming animals, even the mammals. In the resource-poor desert landscapes, cellulose is the dominant source of metabolic energy for herbivores, much of it contained in detritus that can originate hundreds of kilometres from the desert. Carnivores and omnivores consume mainly detritivores, with termites often contributing substantially to their diets. Many animals of shifting-sand deserts manage their body water by the acquisition of metabolic and preformed water, balanced against limited loss of body water via integument, excreta and respiration. Those that do drink usually use droplets from fog or dew. Some small invertebrates extract water vapour from unsaturated air. The animals have evolved mechanisms to counteract osmotic shock when they consume pure water that can constitute more than 40% of body mass in a single drink. In a companion review, we discuss how the animals move and how they cope with potentially lethal desert heat and cold in and on the sand. We need to conserve their fortresses in the sand, and, anomalously, it is food, not water, that requires attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":54331,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"coag058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}