Earth and Space Science最新文献_第5页

Bias-Eliminating Techniques in the Computation of Power Spectra for Characterizing Gravity Waves: Interleaved Methods and Error Analyses 用于描述重力波的功率谱计算中的消除偏差技术：交错方法和误差分析

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1029/2023EA003499

Jackson Jandreau, Xinzhao Chu

{"title":"Bias-Eliminating Techniques in the Computation of Power Spectra for Characterizing Gravity Waves: Interleaved Methods and Error Analyses","authors":"Jackson Jandreau, Xinzhao Chu","doi":"10.1029/2023EA003499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003499","url":null,"abstract":"Observational data inherently contain noise which manifests as uncertainties in the measured parameters and creates positive biases or noise floors in second-order products like variances, fluxes, and spectra. Historical methods estimate and subsequently subtract noise floors, but struggle with accuracy. Gardner and Chu (2020, doi.org/10.1364/AO.400375) proposed an interleaved data processing method, which inherently eliminates biases from variances and fluxes, and suggested that the method could also eliminate noise floors of power spectra. We investigate the interleaved method for spectral analysis of atmospheric waves through theoretical studies, forward modeling, and demonstration with lidar data. Our work shows that calculating the cross-power spectral density (CPSD) from two interleaved subsamples does reduce the spectral noise floor significantly. However, only the Co-PSD (the real part of CPSD) eliminates the noise floor completely, while taking the absolute magnitude of CPSD adds a reduced noise floor back to the spectrum when the sample number is finite. This reduced noise floor can be further minimized through averaging over more observations, completely different from traditional spectrum calculations whose noise floor cannot be reduced by incorporating more samples. We demonstrate the first application of the interleaved method to spectral data, successfully eliminating the noise floor using the Co-PSD in a forward model and in lidar observations of the vertical wavenumber of gravity waves at McMurdo, Antarctica. This high accuracy is gained by sacrificing precision due to photon-count splitting, requiring additional observations to counter this effect. We provide quantitative assessment of accuracy and precision as well as application recommendations.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EA003499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Significance of the Long-Wavelength Correction for Studies of Baroclinic Tides With SWOT 长波校正对利用 SWOT 研究巴氏潮汐的意义

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003677

Edward D. Zaron

{"title":"The Significance of the Long-Wavelength Correction for Studies of Baroclinic Tides With SWOT","authors":"Edward D. Zaron","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003677","url":null,"abstract":"The long-wavelength correction (LWC) of SWOT data is intended to reduce errors related to the stability of the SWOT antenna and its attitude in orbit. The algorithms used to compute the LWC utilize SWOT KaRIn sea surface-height (SSH) measurements and additional data, and the LWC may absorb geophysical SSH into the correction. Different LWC algorithms are used on the L2 and L3 SWOT products, which are analyzed here during the 1 day repeat (Cal/Val) mission phase lasting approximately 100 days. During this mission phase the SSH anomaly (SSHA) computed using the L3 LWC is much more realistic than the L2 LWC, as shown here by comparing spatial statistics of the L2 and L3 products. The L3 LWC algorithm is nonlinear insofar as it depends on second-order statistics of the SSHA and multi-satellite SSHA differences, making it difficult to quantify the extent to which it could absorb baroclinic tidal signals. To overcome this difficulty, a proxy L3 LWC algorithm is developed which mimics the L3 LWC but is strictly linear in the SSHA. The proxy LWC is applied to both idealized waveforms and to the predicted internal tide available on the products, and it is found to absorb 1% or less of the signal variance, leading to corresponding pointwise errors of 10% or less. Because the errors are at longer wavelengths and are significantly smaller amplitude than internal tide signals, the LWC impact on the measurement and interpretation of internal tides with SWOT is expected to be negligible in most applications.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New 3D Velocity Model (mTAB3D) for Absolute Hypocenter Location in Southern Iberia and the Westernmost Mediterranean 用于伊比利亚南部和地中海最西部绝对下沉中心定位的新型三维速度模型 (mTAB3D)

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1029/2023EA002993

José Luis Sánchez-Roldán, José A. Álvarez-Gómez, José J. Martínez-Díaz, Paula Herrero-Barbero, Hector Perea, Juan V. Cantavella, Lucía Lozano

{"title":"New 3D Velocity Model (mTAB3D) for Absolute Hypocenter Location in Southern Iberia and the Westernmost Mediterranean","authors":"José Luis Sánchez-Roldán, José A. Álvarez-Gómez, José J. Martínez-Díaz, Paula Herrero-Barbero, Hector Perea, Juan V. Cantavella, Lucía Lozano","doi":"10.1029/2023EA002993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA002993","url":null,"abstract":"The Trans-Alboran Shear Zone is one of the most seismically active areas in the westernmost Mediterranean, where a wide variety of tectonic domains have developed within the context of oblique convergence between Eurasia and Africa plates. In this region, earthquakes occur close to seismogenic structures, some of them large enough to cause damaging events. In addition, the diversity of tectonic domains implies a lateral variation of seismic wave propagation, which could affect the hypocenter reliability if not addressed during the location procedure. We present mTAB3D, a new 3D P-wave velocity created after data collection, geometry modeling and velocity estimation in our study area. To test this model, we used arrival times from the Spanish Seismic Network catalog and performed two non-linear absolute hypocenter inversions: the first comprises all the seismicity detected during 2018–2022 in the Eastern Betics Shear Zone; the second one consists of the earthquakes recorded during the Al-Hoceima seismic sequence (2016). We compare our results against hypocenters computed with a 1D velocity model of the region (mIGN1D) and observe that mTAB3D achieves better clustering near active structures and lower epicentral uncertainties (up to 11% lower). Moreover, hypocenters obtained with mTAB3D show notable reliability even in scenarios of a low azimuthal gap, such as the 2016 Al-Hoceima sequence. The new catalogs computed with our model help us to infer possible genetic relations between seismicity and source faults within our study area and can be used as an additional tool when looking into prior seismic sequences.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EA002993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Bayesian Model for 20th Century Antarctic Sea Ice Extent Reconstruction 20 世纪南极海冰广度重建的贝叶斯模型

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003577

T. J. Maierhofer, M. N. Raphael, R. L. Fogt, M. S. Handcock

{"title":"A Bayesian Model for 20th Century Antarctic Sea Ice Extent Reconstruction","authors":"T. J. Maierhofer, M. N. Raphael, R. L. Fogt, M. S. Handcock","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003577","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctic sea ice, a key component in the complex Antarctic climate system, is an important driver and indicator of the global climate. In the relatively short satellite-observed period from 1979 to 2022 the sea ice extent has continuously increased (contrasting a major decrease in Arctic sea ice) up to a dramatic decrease between 2014 and 2017. Recent years have seen record sea ice lows in February 2022–February 2023. We use a statistical ensemble reconstruction of Antarctic sea ice to put the observed changes into the historical context of the entire 20th century. We propose a seasonal Vector Auto-Regressive Moving Average (VARMA) model fit in a Bayesian framework using regularized horseshoe priors on the regression coefficients to create a stochastic ensemble reconstruction of monthly Antarctic Sea ice extent from 1900 to 1979. This novel model produces a set of 2,500 plausible sea ice extent reconstructions for the sea ice by sector that incorporate the autocorrelation structure of sea ice over time as well as the dependence of sea ice between the sectors. These fully observed reconstructions exhibit plausible month-to-month changes in reconstructed sea ice as well as plausible interactions between the sectors and the total. We reconstruct an overall higher sea ice extent earlier in the 20th century with a relatively sharp decline in the 1970s. These trends agree well with previous reconstructions of Antarctic sea ice based on ice core data, whaling locations, and climatological data, as well as early satellite observations in the reconstruction period.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Equatorial Upper Ocean Vertical Mixing in the NOAA/GFDL OM4 Model 改进 NOAA/GFDL OM4 模式中的赤道上层海洋垂直混合功能

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1029/2023EA003485

Brandon G. Reichl, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Stephen M. Griffies, Alistair Adcroft

{"title":"Improving Equatorial Upper Ocean Vertical Mixing in the NOAA/GFDL OM4 Model","authors":"Brandon G. Reichl, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Stephen M. Griffies, Alistair Adcroft","doi":"10.1029/2023EA003485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003485","url":null,"abstract":"Deficiencies in upper ocean vertical mixing parameterizations contribute to tropical upper ocean biases in global coupled general circulation models, affecting their simulated ocean heat uptake and ENSO variability. To better understand these deficiencies, we develop a suite of ocean model experiments including both idealized single column models and realistic global simulations. The vertical mixing parameterizations are first evaluated using large eddy simulations as a baseline to assess uncertainties and evaluate their implied turbulent mixing. Global models are then developed following NOAA/GFDL's 0.25° nominal horizontal grid spacing OM4 (uncoupled) configuration of the MOM6 ocean model, with various modifications that target biases in the original model. We test several enhancements to the existing mixing schemes and evaluate them against observational constraints from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean moorings and Argo floats. In particular, we find that we can improve the diurnal variability of mixing in OM4 via modifications to its surface boundary layer mixing scheme, and can improve the net mixing in the upper thermocline by reducing the background vertical viscosity, allowing for more realistic, less diffuse currents. The improved OM4 model better represents the mixing, leading to improved diurnal deep-cycle variability, a more realistic time-mean tropical thermocline structure, and a better Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EA003485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An All-In-One Rapid Prediction of Ground Motion Intensity Measures Hybrid Network for Multi-Task in the North-South Seismic Belt of China 中国南北地震带多任务地震动强度一体化快速预测措施混合网络

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003664

Qingxu Zhao, Mianshui Rong, Bin Zhang, Xiaojun Li

引用次数: 0

Improvement of Source Spectrum Fall-Off for Simulating Ground Motion Using Stochastic Green’s Function Method 使用随机格林函数法模拟地动时源谱衰减的改进

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003597

Xu Xie, Xu Hao, Longfei Ji

{"title":"Improvement of Source Spectrum Fall-Off for Simulating Ground Motion Using Stochastic Green’s Function Method","authors":"Xu Xie, Xu Hao, Longfei Ji","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003597","url":null,"abstract":"The stochastic Green's function method (SGFM), which simulates the source spectra of small earthquakes based on the ω−2 model and follows the scaling law of earthquakes to synthesize into a large earthquake, is a practical ground motion simulation method in areas lacking suitable small earthquake records. However, one of the problems in the application of the SGFM is that the source spectrum synthesized from small earthquakes shows a fall-off in the mid-frequency band, as the number of fault divisions of the large earthquake increases. To solve this problem, this study proposes an improved method, which introduces a correction coefficient for the source spectrum according to the ω−2 model and considers the variation of subfault rise time with the rupture process. Taking the 1994 Northridge earthquake as an example, the ground motion simulation results of the improved method are compared with observed records. The results show that only introducing the correction coefficient causes larger amplitude of simulation results than observed records. Only considering the variation of subfault rise time can improve the fall-off problem to some extent, but the accuracy of ground motion simulation at observation points has no significant improvement. By simultaneously introducing the correction coefficient and considering the variation of subfault rise time, the simulation results are in good agreement with observed records and are able to reproduce the directivity effect at the forward observation points. Therefore, the improved SGFM proposed in this study is an effective and reliable tool for ground motion simulation.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science II: Choosing and Using Multispectral Filters for Dynamic Planetary Surface Exploration With Linear Discriminant Analysis 优化 ExoMars 火星漫游车遥感多光谱科学 II：利用线性判别分析为行星表面动态探测选择和使用多光谱滤波器

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1029/2023EA003398

R. B. Stabbins, P. M. Grindrod, S. Motaghian, E. J. Allender, C. R. Cousins

{"title":"Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science II: Choosing and Using Multispectral Filters for Dynamic Planetary Surface Exploration With Linear Discriminant Analysis","authors":"R. B. Stabbins, P. M. Grindrod, S. Motaghian, E. J. Allender, C. R. Cousins","doi":"10.1029/2023EA003398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003398","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we address two problems associated with data-limited dynamic spacecraft exploration: data-prioritization for transmission, and data-reduction for interpretation, in the context of ESA ExoMars rover multispectral imaging. We present and explore a strategy for selecting and combining subsets of spectral channels captured from the ExoMars Panoramic Camera, and attempt to seek hematite against a background of phyllosilicates and basalts as a test case scenario, anticipated from orbital studies of the rover landing site. We compute all available dimension reductions on the material reflectance spectra afforded by 4 spectral parameter types, and consider all possible paired combinations of these. We then find the optimal linear combination of each pair whilst evaluating the resultant target-vs.-background separation in terms of the Fisher Ratio and classification accuracy, using Linear Discriminant Analysis. We find ∼50,000 spectral parameter combinations with a classification accuracy >95% that use 6-or-less filters, and that the highest accuracy score is 99.6% using 6 filters, but that an accuracy of >99% can still be achieved with 2 filters. We find that when the more computationally efficient Fisher Ratio is used to rank the combinations, the highest accuracy is 99.1% using 4 filters, and 95.1% when limited to 2 filters. These findings are applicable to the task of time-constrained planning of multispectral observations, and to the evaluation and cross-comparison of multispectral imaging systems at specific material discrimination tasks.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EA003398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Study of Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) Observed Over Iran 伊朗上空观测到的大规模移动电离层扰动（LSTIDs）综合研究

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003811

M. Vazifehkhah Hafteh, A. Mahmoudian

{"title":"Comprehensive Study of Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) Observed Over Iran","authors":"M. Vazifehkhah Hafteh, A. Mahmoudian","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003811","url":null,"abstract":"A dense network of GNSS receivers is employed to study temporal and spatial characteristics of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) in Iran. Three geomagnetic storms in 2021 are selected. To determine LSTID propagation, an eighth-order Butterworth bandpass filter was applied to the data to remove the diurnal variability of the total electron content (TEC). Moreover, two-dimensional TEC perturbation maps are provided to explore the meridional and zonal structures of the LSTIDs. Analysis of a major storm on November 4 (Kp = 7, Dst = −99 nT) revealed two single LSTIDs and three groups of multiple LSTIDs. The phase velocity and wavelength of LSTIDs in this event varied between 190 and 930 m/s and 1,030–5,022 km, respectively. Southward propagating LSTIDs appeared to be more frequent than northward. The complex propagation of two simultaneous LSTIDs is resolved. A large-amplitude mixed front showing broadening both latitudinally and meridionally is revealed. No nighttime propagating LSTID is reported. In addition, global differential TEC data are explored to examine the detection of LSTID propagation. The global data validates the timing, direction of propagation, and strength of LSTIDs detected over Iran. The auroral oval extension is consistent with generating and propagating reported LSTIDs. The second storm studied occurred on August 27 (Kp = 4, Dst = −82 nT). This storm exhibited weaker LSTIDs in terms of both observed numbers and amplitude. Finally, the storm case of May 12 (Kp = 7, Dst = −61 nT) was examined. The results underscores the vital role of the Dst index in studying LSTIDs.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Comparison of Two Global Multis-Species MHD Models of Mars 两种火星全球多物种 MHD 模型的综合比较

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003698

Wenyi Sun, Ryoya Sakata, Yingjuan Ma, Kanako Seki, Christopher T. Russell, Naoki Terada, Shotaro Sakai, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, David Brain, Gabor Toth

{"title":"Comprehensive Comparison of Two Global Multis-Species MHD Models of Mars","authors":"Wenyi Sun, Ryoya Sakata, Yingjuan Ma, Kanako Seki, Christopher T. Russell, Naoki Terada, Shotaro Sakai, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, David Brain, Gabor Toth","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003698","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the interaction between Mars and the solar wind is crucial for comprehending the atmospheric evolution and climate change on Mars. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the Martian plasma environment, global numerical simulations are essential in addition to spacecraft observations. However, there are still discrepancies among different simulation models. This study investigates how these discrepancies stem from the considered physical processes and numerical implementations. We compare two global multispecies MHD models: the “Sun model” based on the BATS-R-US code and the “Sakata model” based on a newly developed multifluid model MAESTRO. By employing the same typical upstream conditions and the same neutral atmosphere for current Mars, along with similar numerical implementations such as inner boundary conditions, we obtain simulation results that exhibit unprecedented agreement between the two models. The dayside results are nearly identical, especially along the subsolar line, indicating the robustness of MHD models to predict dayside interaction under given upstream conditions and ionosphere assumptions. The escape rates of planetary ions are also in good agreement. However, discrepancies remain in the terminator and nightside regions. Detailed numerical implementations, including inner boundary conditions, magnetic field divergence control methods, and radial resolutions, are shown to influence certain aspects of the results greatly, such as magnetotail configuration and ion diffusion.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0