Earth and Space Science最新文献

{"title":"Can Large Strains Be Accommodated by Small Faults: “Brittle Flow of Rocks” Revised","authors":"Xiaoyu Zou,&nbsp;Yuri Fialko","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003824","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brittle deformation in the upper crust is thought to occur primarily via faulting. The fault length-frequency distribution determines how much deformation is accommodated by numerous small faults versus a few large ones. To evaluate the amount of deformation due to small faults, we analyze the fault length distribution using high-quality fault maps spanning a wide range of spatial scales from a laboratory sample to an outcrop to a tectonic domain. We find that the cumulative fault length distribution is well approximated by a power law with a negative exponent close to 2. This is in agreement with the earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution (the Gutenberg-Richter law with b-value of 1), at least for faults smaller than the thickness of the seismogenic zone. It follows that faulting is a self-similar process, and a substantial fraction of tectonic strain can be accommodated by faults that don't cut through the entire seismogenic zone, consistent with inferences of “hidden strain” from natural and laboratory observations. A continued accumulation of tectonic strain may eventually result in a transition from distributed fault networks to localized mature faults.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-D Subsurface Geophysical Modeling of the Charity Shoal Structure: A Probable Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic Simple Impact Structure in Eastern Lake Ontario","authors":"Mary H. Armour,&nbsp;Joseph I. Boyce,&nbsp;Phillip Suttak,&nbsp;Doug Hrvoic","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003605","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Charity Shoal structure is a circular, ∼1.2-km-diameter, bedrock-rimmed shoal in eastern Lake Ontario with a ∼20-m-deep central basin. The structure has been proposed as a possible Middle Ordovician impact crater or volcanic intrusion. We conducted marine seismic and magnetic surveys (9-km²) and 3-D geophysical modeling to better resolve the Charity Shoal subsurface geology and possible origins. Three models were evaluated: (a) a buried (&gt;450 m) impact structure in Mesoproterozoic basement, (b) a maar-diatreme, (c) a cylindrical, zoned volcanic plug. Seismic profiles and multi-beam bathymetry revealed &gt;30 m of Quaternary sediments overlying Middle Ordovician (Trenton Group) carbonate bedrock and complex, 3-dimensional folding and faulting of the structure rim. Magnetic surveys recorded an annular magnetic high (&gt;600 nT) over the structure rim and a central magnetic low (∼500–600 nT) coincident with a ∼−1.7 mGal Bouguer gravity anomaly. The continuity of Trenton Group strata in seismic profiles rules out a previously proposed Mesozoic maar-diatreme intruded into Paleozoic strata. The zoned volcanic plug model reproduced the annular magnetic anomaly but was incompatible with Bouguer gravity profiles. The magnetic anomaly was best reproduced by a simple impact structure seated in Mesoproterozoic basement at 450–500 m depth with a rim-to-rim diameter of ∼1.2 km and rim height of ∼10–20 m. A 100-m wide and 50-m-deep channel in the Mesoproterozoic basement may record fluvial dissection of the southwestern rim. A buried (&gt;450 m), simple impact crater is most compatible with all available geophysical data at Charity Shoal.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Acoustic Variability Affected by Upper Ocean Dynamics in South Eastern Arabian Sea","authors":"Kotta Srinivasu,&nbsp;M. C. Sanjana,&nbsp;G. Latha,&nbsp;T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar,&nbsp;Hasibur Rahaman,&nbsp;A. Thirunavukkarasu,&nbsp;R Venkatesan","doi":"10.1029/2023EA003497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of upper ocean dynamics on the acoustic field in the South Eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) is studied using in situ oceanographic/acoustic measurements from a moored buoy, along with satellite-derived and climatological data sets. Upper-ocean variability at the site is quantified using Mixed Layer Depth (MLD), Isothermal Layer Depth (ILD), Barrier Layer Thickness (BLT), Maximum Spice Depth (MSD), and Sonic Layer Depth (SLD), along with surface variability factors such as Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Salinity, Spice, and Sea Level Anomaly. The mixed layer acoustic duct (MLAD) varies from 2 to 100 m, with BLT varying from 5 to 99 m, and a mean SLD of 43 m. A thick transition layer connects the mixed layer with the thermocline during winter. The observations reveal that maximum SLD, MSD, and BLT occurred during January–March. Unlike other seasons when SLD follows MLD, winter SLD is influenced by BLT, suggesting strong salinity stratification due to low-salinity water intrusion from the Bay of Bengal by East India Coastal Current. During these months, the SLD varies from 80 to 100 m, with the corresponding minimum cut-off frequency varying from 300 to 200 Hz. Results are correlated with estimated Sound Pressure Level (SPL) from Ambient Noise Measurements during November 2018 to November 2019. SPL variation follows SLD for low and mid-frequencies, with the highest SPL noted during January-February. Acoustic propagation simulations at 250 and 1,000 Hz revealed features like acoustic duct leakage and channeling, indicating energy transfers between the surface acoustic duct and deeper layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EA003497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Generation of Hydrological Condition Simulator Employing Physical Models and Satellite-Based Meteorological Data","authors":"Wenchao Ma,&nbsp;Kenshi Hibino,&nbsp;Kosuke Yamamoto,&nbsp;Misako Kachi,&nbsp;Riko Oki,&nbsp;Haruya Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Kei Yoshimura","doi":"10.1029/2023EA003228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003228","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Determining the distribution and dynamics of water on land at any given moment poses a significant challenge due to the constraints of observation. Consequently, as advancements in land surface models (LSMs) have been made, numerical simulation has emerged as an increasingly accurate and effective method for hydrological research. Nonetheless, systems that represent multiple land surface parameters in a near-real-time manner are scarce. In this study, we present an innovative land surface and river simulation system, termed Today's Earth (TE), which generates state and flux values for the near-surface environment with multiple outputs in near-real-time. There are currently three versions of TE, distinguished by the forcing data utilized: JRA-55 version, employing the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55, from 1958 to the present); GSMaP version, utilizing, the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP, from 2001 to the present), and MODIS version, utilizing the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, from 2003 to the present). These long-term forcing data set allow for outputs of the JRA-55 version from 1958, the GSMaP version from 2001, and the MODIS version from 2003. Aiming to provide water and energy values on a global scale in real-time, the TE system utilizes the LSM Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO) (Takata et al., 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(03)00030-4; Yamazaki et al., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009726) at a horizontal resolution of 0.5°, along with the river routing model CaMa-Flood (Yamazaki et al., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009726) at a horizontal resolution of 0.25°. Both land surface and river products are available in 3-hourly, daily, and monthly intervals across all three versions. A notable feature of TE is its ability to release both state and flux parameters in near-real-time, offering convenience for various aspects of hydrological research. In addition to presenting the general features of TE-Global, this study examines the performance of snow depth, soil moisture, and river discharge data in daily intervals from 2003 to 2021, with validation spanning 2003 to 2016. When comparing snow depth results, the correlation coefficient ranged between 0.644 and 0.658, while for soil moisture it ranged between 0.471 and 0.494. These findings suggest that the LSM yields comparable results when utilizing JRA-55, MODIS, or GSMaP. Interestingly, river output from the three products exhibited distinct characteristics varying from GSMaP to JRA-55 and MODIS. For river discharge, the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.494 to 0.519, the root mean square error ranged from 3,730 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s to 6,330 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s, and the mean absolute error ranged from 3,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s to 5,160 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s among the different forcing versions. The overall bias in river discharge from GSMaP was 1,570 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s, in contrast to −589 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s fo","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EA003228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monthly Prediction on Summer Extreme Precipitation With a Deep Learning Approach: Experiments Over the Mid-To-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River","authors":"Yi Fan,&nbsp;Yang Lyu,&nbsp;Shoupeng Zhu,&nbsp;Zhicong Yin,&nbsp;Mingkeng Duan,&nbsp;Xiefei Zhi,&nbsp;Botao Zhou","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate predictions of monthly extremes assume paramount importance in enabling proactive decision-making, which however are lacked in skills even for state-of-the-art dynamical models. Taking the extreme precipitation prediction over the mid-to-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, as an instance, a multi-predictor U-Net deep learning approach is designed to enhance the prediction over the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model, with the single-predictor U-Net parallelly examined as the benchmark. Focusing on the precipitation extremes, an extreme associated component is incorporated into the model loss function for optimization. Besides, predictions composed by daily outputs with multiple lead times are imported as a comprehensive set in the training phase to augment the deep learning sample size and to emphasize enhancements in predictions at the monthly timescale as a whole. Results indicate that the multi-predictor U-Net effectively improves predictions of extreme summer precipitation frequency, showing distinct superiority to the raw ECMWF and the single-predictor U-Net. Multiple evaluation metrics indicate that the model shows a significant positive improvement ratio ranging from 65.1% to 80.0% across all grids compared to the raw ECMWF prediction, which has also been validated through applications in the two extreme summer precipitation cases in 2016 and 2020. Besides, a ranking analysis of feature importance reveals that factors such as humidity and temperature play even more crucial roles than precipitation itself in the multi-predictor extreme precipitation prediction model at the monthly timescale. That is, in such a deep learning approach, the monthly prediction on extreme precipitation benefits significantly from the inclusion of multiple associated predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observing Array Designed for Improving the Short-Term Prediction of Kuroshio Extension State Transition Processes","authors":"Yu Geng,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Hong-Li Ren,&nbsp;Bo Dan,&nbsp;Stefano Pierini,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003881","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the essential implications of Kuroshio Extension (KE) bimodality on oceanic dynamical environment and climate, the present study investigates the targeted observation schemes, based on the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method and a reduced-gravity shallow-water model, to improve the forecast skills of transition processes of KE bimodal states. To obtain a suitable observing array, the observation schemes, with different numbers of observation sites and observation distances between two sites, are designed. Furthermore, to demonstrate the superiority of the observing networks in predicting KE transition processes, two existing observation schemes and six random observation schemes are compared with the CNOP-determined observing array. Based on this, a relatively optimal observing array with three sites and observation distance of 90 km is established, which is mainly located between 31°N and 33°N in the south of Japan. This targeted observing network is universal for two KE transition processes. The removal of initial errors on this array results in the mean prediction improvements of about 9.2% and 22.5% for KE transition processes from the low- to the high-energy state and from the high- to the low-energy state, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space Environmental Effects on Multifunctional Radiation Shielding Materials","authors":"Subhayu Sen,&nbsp;John Scott O’Dell,&nbsp;Yongzhe Yan,&nbsp;Lawrence Heilbronn,&nbsp;Haibin Ning,&nbsp;Miria Finckenor,&nbsp;Meghan Carrico,&nbsp;Selvum Pillay","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003681","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The two primary material requirements for a crewed habitat or spacecraft to operate beyond low earth orbit (LEO) include effective radiation shielding against the space radiation and secondary neutron environment and sufficient structural and thermal integrity. In this context it is mandatory to study the effect of long duration space environment on any proposed multifunctional radiation shielding material. In this paper we discuss two radiation shielding composite architectures and their long duration performance in LEO. Samples were flown on NASA's The Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) platform and their structural, optical, and radiation shielding capabilities were characterized pre and post flight. Results showed composite architecture can be key in determining expected damage irrespective of sample placement orientation on the space station. A surface layer with a protective or sacrificial coating can be instrumental in minimizing property degradation even when exposed to orientations with high estimated sun hours and high fluence of atomic oxygen.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Microzonation and Geotechnical Modeling Studies Considering Local Site Effects for İnegöl Plain (Bursa-Turkey)","authors":"O. Uyanık,&nbsp;Z. Öncü,&nbsp;N. A. Uyanık,&nbsp;N. Ekin","doi":"10.1029/2023EA003460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003460","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local site effects play a vital role in determining the level of structural damage to the structures built on soil. Therefore, correctly determining the underground layer structure and its physical characteristics in the lateral and vertical directions is essential for the geotechnical model. More information and more accurate results will be obtained if the geotechnical model is evaluated multidisciplinary together with geophysical studies, not only based on drilling results. For this purpose, vertical electric sounding, seismic refraction, microtremor, and mechanical drilling techniques were applied within the scope of geotechnical studies in the İnegöl district of Bursa. The methods were evaluated together, and the geotechnical cross-sections of the underground were interpreted. In addition, microzonation maps determined from Geophysical parameters were created in the study area. These maps, geotechnical cross-sections, and microtremor data evaluation results predicted how the study area's buildings and soils would behave under dynamic forces such as earthquakes. As a result, the soils in the study area were mainly saturated with water and had weak strength. Existing or newly constructed engineering structures on such soils are predicted from microzonation maps that will damage both the soils and the buildings in a seven-magnitude earthquake.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EA003460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Mud and Sand Fractions and Total Concentration From Coupled Optical-Acoustic Sensors","authors":"Duc Tran,&nbsp;Matthias Jacquet,&nbsp;Stuart Pearson,&nbsp;Bram Van Prooijen,&nbsp;Romaric Verney","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003694","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optical turbidity and acoustic sensors have been widely used in laboratory experiments and field studies to investigate suspended particulate matter concentration over the last four decades. Both methods face a serious challenge as laboratory and in-situ calibrations are usually required. Furthermore, in coastal and estuarine environments, the coexistence of mud and sand often results in multimodal particle size distributions, amplifying erroneous measurements. This paper proposes a new approach of combining a pair of optical turbidity-acoustic sensors to estimate the total concentration and sediment composition of a mud/sand mixture in an efficient way without an extensive calibration. More specifically, we first carried out a set of 54 bimodal size regime experiments to derive empirical functions of optical-acoustic signals, concentrations, and mud/sand fractions. The functionalities of these relationships were then tested and validated using more complex multimodal size regime experiments over 30 optical-acoustic pairs of 5 wavelengths (420, 532, 620, 700, 852 nm) and six frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 MHz). In the range of our data, without prior knowledge of particle size distribution, combinations between optical wavelengths 620–700 nm and acoustic frequencies 4–6 MHz predict mud/sand fraction and total concentration with the variation &lt;10% for the former and &lt;15% for the later. The results also suggest that acoustic-acoustic signals could be combined to produce meaningful information regarding concentration and mud/sand fraction, while no useful knowledge could be extracted from a combination of optical-optical pairs. This approach therefore enables the robust estimation of suspended sediment concentration and composition, which is particularly practical in cases where calibration data is insufficient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Wave Detectability on Venus Using Ground Deformation Sensors, Infrasound Sensors on Balloons and Airglow Imagers","authors":"Raphael F. Garcia,&nbsp;Iris van Zelst,&nbsp;Taichi Kawamura,&nbsp;Sven Peter Näsholm,&nbsp;Anna Horleston,&nbsp;Sara Klaasen,&nbsp;Maxence Lefèvre,&nbsp;Celine Marie Solberg,&nbsp;Krystyna T. Smolinski,&nbsp;Ana-Catalina Plesa,&nbsp;Quentin Brissaud,&nbsp;Julia S. Maia,&nbsp;Simon C. Stähler,&nbsp;Philippe Lognonné,&nbsp;Mark P. Panning,&nbsp;Anna Gülcher,&nbsp;Richard Ghail,&nbsp;Barbara De Toffoli","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003670","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relatively unconstrained internal structure of Venus is a missing piece in our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Detection of seismic waves generated by venusquakes is crucial to determine the seismic structure of Venus' interior, as recently shown by the new seismic and geodetic constraints on Mars' interior obtained by the InSight mission. In the next decade multiple missions will fly to Venus to explore its tectonic and volcanic activity, but they will not be able to conclusively detect seismic waves, despite their potential to detect fault movements. Looking toward the next fleet of Venus missions after the ones already decided, various concepts to measure seismic waves have been proposed. These detection methods include typical geophysical ground sensors already deployed on Earth, the Moon, and Mars; pressure sensors on balloons; and imagers of high altitude emissions (airglow) on orbiters. The latter two methods target the detection of the infrasound signals generated by seismic waves and amplified during their upward propagation. Here, we provide a first comparison between the detection capabilities of these different measurement techniques and recent estimates of Venus' seismic activity. In addition, we discuss the performance requirements and measurement durations required to detect seismic waves with the various detection methods. Our study clearly presents the advantages and limitations of the different seismic wave detection techniques and can be used to drive the design of future mission concepts aiming to study the seismicity of Venus.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}