Earth and Space Science最新文献

In Situ Calculation of Spaceflight Magnetometer Coupling Coefficients for Interference Removal Using the Reduction Algorithm for Magnetometer Electromagnetic Noise (RAMEN)

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003914

Alex P. Hoffmann, Mark B. Moldwin

{"title":"In Situ Calculation of Spaceflight Magnetometer Coupling Coefficients for Interference Removal Using the Reduction Algorithm for Magnetometer Electromagnetic Noise (RAMEN)","authors":"Alex P. Hoffmann, Mark B. Moldwin","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003914","url":null,"abstract":"Space-based in situ magnetic field measurements are often limited by spacecraft-generated interference, known as stray magnetic fields. These fields, generated by currents from spacecraft subsystems, are frequently several times stronger than the ambient magnetic field signals of interest. To mitigate this, strict magnetic cleanliness, long mechanical booms, and at least two magnetometers are typically necessary to eliminate the spacecraft-generated magnetic interference. When two magnetometers are placed collinearly on a boom, gradiometry can be performed by modeling the spacecraft's field as a dipole and subtracting it from the magnetometer measurements. However, this technique requires careful preflight characterization of the spacecraft's magnetic field to determine the dipole coupling coefficients and sufficient boom length. This process is time-intensive, costly, and prone to error due to the changing nature of a spacecraft magnetic field environment in operation. We propose a novel method for in situ calculation of the gradiometric coupling coefficients, called the Reduction Algorithm for Magnetometer Electromagnetic Noise (RAMEN). RAMEN utilizes single-source point analysis and the time-frequency content of the magnetometer signals to identify stray magnetic field signals and calculate the gradiometric coupling coefficients. Through two Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the RAMEN gradiometry algorithm matches gradiometry with preflight coupling coefficient estimation. Additionally, we apply the RAMEN algorithm to noisy magnetometer data from the Venus Express spacecraft to demonstrate its use. The RAMEN method enhances the fidelity of spaceborne magnetic field observations using gradiometry and reduces the burden of arduous preflight spacecraft magnetic characterization.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empirical Quantification of Topobathymetric Lidar System Resolution Using Modulation Transfer Function

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA004098

K. W. Sacca, J. P. Thayer

{"title":"Empirical Quantification of Topobathymetric Lidar System Resolution Using Modulation Transfer Function","authors":"K. W. Sacca, J. P. Thayer","doi":"10.1029/2024EA004098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA004098","url":null,"abstract":"Topobathymetric scanning lidar deployed on unmanned aircraft systems is a powerful tool for high-resolution mapping of the dynamic interface between topography and bathymetry. However, standardized methods for empirical resolution validation have not been widely adopted across lidar applications. While theoretical models of idealized lidar sampling resolution can be used to describe topographical resolution, misrepresented or unknown behaviors in an instrument, platform, or environment can degrade expected performance or introduce georeferencing inaccuracies. Furthermore, bathymetric resolution is strongly dependent on water surface and column conditions. Thus, only empirical methods for evaluating resolution will provide reliable estimates for both topographic and bathymetric surveys. Presented is an extension of standard modulation transfer function (MTF) methods used by passive imaging systems applied to high-resolution scanning lidar. Compact retroreflectors characterized as point and line sources are employed to empirically assess effective lidar system resolution through MTF analysis in topographic and bathymetric scenes. These targets enable MTF analyses using height measurements without reliance on intensity data, promoting widespread applicability among lidar systems. Empirical MTFs calculated using these targets are compared against theory-derived counterparts as empirical measurements elucidate influences by elements that are unknown or difficult to model. Simulated point cloud data were incorporated into theoretical MTF descriptions to better represent empirically-derived topographic MTFs, revealing mirror pointing uncertainties in the across-track axis. Similarly, theoretical bathymetric MTFs augmented with simulated, subaqueous data enabled water surface slope estimation using empirical measurements of submerged retroreflector targets, where rough water surfaces strongly influenced beam steering and the corresponding point spread MTFs.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA004098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic Receiver Function Picking Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003859

Neng Xiong, Fenglin Niu, Hongrui Qiu, Yuyan Liu, Wenpei Miao

{"title":"Automatic Receiver Function Picking Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering","authors":"Neng Xiong, Fenglin Niu, Hongrui Qiu, Yuyan Liu, Wenpei Miao","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003859","url":null,"abstract":"Computing receiver function (RF) from teleseismic records can be affected by noise present in the seismic waveforms, and therefore, visual inspection is still preferred for quality control purposes. However, human handpicking RF lacks consistency and requires a significant amount of time and human labor. From manually picked RF data sets, we have identified 4 features that can effectively separate the good and bad RFs. Using these selected features, we have developed a fuzzy clustering-based method to automate the classification of RFs into good or bad quality. This method has been applied to two RF data sets in China–computed from broadband arrays in the Tanlu fault zone and northeast China region. Compared to the hand-picked result, our clustering-based classifier achieves great recall and precision scores exceeding 93% and 83.4%, respectively. These robust classification results suggest that the 4 identified physical attributes could serve as a standard criterion for guiding RF picking. Furthermore, our efficient clustering-based automatic RF picking method holds significant promise for RF imaging with large numbers of seismic stations.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating Wind Direction and Wind Speed Over Lakes With Surface Water Ocean Topography and Sentinel-1 Satellite Observations

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003971

Katie A. McQuillan, George H. Allen, Jessica Fayne, Huilin Gao, Jida Wang

{"title":"Estimating Wind Direction and Wind Speed Over Lakes With Surface Water Ocean Topography and Sentinel-1 Satellite Observations","authors":"Katie A. McQuillan, George H. Allen, Jessica Fayne, Huilin Gao, Jida Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003971","url":null,"abstract":"Wind at the water-air interface is an important driver of hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in lakes. Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is commonly used over the ocean to retrieve wind fields using backscatter coefficients which are sensitive to wind-driven surface water roughness; however, its application to lakes has been largely unexplored. Here we assess the utility of SAR to retrieve wind fields specifically for lakes. We estimated wind direction from SAR backscatter using the Modified Local Gradient method for Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) and Sentinel-1 data. The estimated wind direction was then used as an input into a C-band geophysical modeling function (GMF) to invert wind speed from Sentinel-1 data. Comparisons between SWOT backscatter and in situ wind speeds were used to provide a foundation for understanding how SWOT could be used to study wind speeds. Using buoy data for validation, we found wind direction (1 km) mean absolute error (MAE) ranged from 31° to 40° for Sentinel-1 and 28° to 38° for SWOT. Sentinel-1 wind speed (100 m) MAE ranged from 1.05 to 2.09 m/s. These retrievals were more accurate and at higher resolution compared to global reanalysis dataset ERA5 (0.25°), with wind direction MAE from 23° to 50° and wind speed MAE from 1.49 to 2.35 m/s. SWOT backscatter sensitivity to wind speed depended on incidence angle, and demonstrated utility for developing a GMF for lakes. These methods could be used to better understand wind dynamics globally, especially over small lakes and in data poor regions.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Fast and Fine-Resolution Location Method for Lightning Channels Based on Time Series Segmented Feature of Low Frequency Signal

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003896

Jingxuan Wang, Yang Zhang, Yanfeng Fan, Yijun Zhang, Dong Zheng, Weitao Lyu

{"title":"A Fast and Fine-Resolution Location Method for Lightning Channels Based on Time Series Segmented Feature of Low Frequency Signal","authors":"Jingxuan Wang, Yang Zhang, Yanfeng Fan, Yijun Zhang, Dong Zheng, Weitao Lyu","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003896","url":null,"abstract":"Most real-time lightning location systems are based on feature matching to locate lightning, but they often lack the ability to locate lightning channels. To achieve lightning channel location based on feature matching, a new location algorithm is proposed by utilizing time series segmented feature to match lightning pulses. The features of waveform time series do not require complex signal processing, making it suitable for real-time and fast location. Compared with the location results of the other three existing methods for a lightning event, the new method achieves the highest matching efficiency of 28.4% and demonstrates fine channel location capability. For a thunderstorm process, the new method also has the highest location efficiency, as well as the highest number of valid location points per second, and the lowest computation time of per valid location point, which are 26%, 39.6, and 0.025s, respectively. The new algorithm also provides better location results for irregular pulse clusters, which more realistically depict the development process of downward leader compared to the location methods based on encoding feature matching. This may be caused by the fact that the time series segmented feature can correctly represent the change trend of the signal under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Pan Evaporation in Iran Using Quantile Trend Regression and Mann-Kendall Methods

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003933

Ahmad Reza Ghasemi, Marziyeh Esmaeilpour

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Pan Evaporation in Iran Using Quantile Trend Regression and Mann-Kendall Methods","authors":"Ahmad Reza Ghasemi, Marziyeh Esmaeilpour","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003933","url":null,"abstract":"Trends in pan evaporation are regarded as indicators for studying climate change. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal changes in pan evaporation (PE) from 130 stations with at least 40 years of data in Iran. For this purpose, the quantile trend method at the 10th, 50th and 90th quantiles, along with the Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope methods, were employed. The findings revealed that, on average, significant negative and positive trends changed by 16.4 and 17.8 mm/decade, respectively. The most significant negative trends were observed near water bodies in the north and south of Iran. Meanwhile, air temperatures increased significantly from 0.20 to 0.28°C/decade in the north and from 0.13 to 0.24°C/decade in the south. This rise in temperature led to a corresponding increase in specific humidity, which could reduce pan evaporation. The quantile trend analysis showed that, at stations with significant negative trends, the monthly high evaporation values generally decreased (−3.3 to −11 mm/decade) more than the monthly low evaporation values (−2.2 to −6.5 mm/decade). Conversely, at significant positive trends, the slopes in low evaporation values (2.0–6.7 mm/decade) exceeded those in high evaporation (1.8–4.0 mm/decade). On the seasonal time scale the reduction in pan evaporation during summer was more than in spring. Forthermore, the results suggested that the evaporation paradox in the western and northwestern regions was more pronounced than in other areas.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positioning of Lightning Electromagnetic Radiation Sources With Satellite Constellations: Simulation and Preliminary Validation

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA004084

Xiao Li, Zongxiang Li, Xiaoqiang Li, Xiong Zhang, Yunfen Chang, Kai Zhang, Yongli Wei, Baofeng Cao, Peng Li

{"title":"Positioning of Lightning Electromagnetic Radiation Sources With Satellite Constellations: Simulation and Preliminary Validation","authors":"Xiao Li, Zongxiang Li, Xiaoqiang Li, Xiong Zhang, Yunfen Chang, Kai Zhang, Yongli Wei, Baofeng Cao, Peng Li","doi":"10.1029/2024EA004084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA004084","url":null,"abstract":"Satellites, equipped with electromagnetic sensors, can detect and locate the lightning electromagnetic radiation sources (LERS) in the thunderstorm over the globe surface of the Earth, delivering data regarding occurrence time, geolocation, and intensity. This paper presents the study on the three-dimensional (3D) positioning of LERS utilizing a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellation. A positioning algorithm was constructed, and a Monte Carlo approach was utilized to simulate positioning capabilities in a LEO satellite configuration, emphasizing the effect of time error on positioning precision. The findings demonstrate that the effective coverage and positional inaccuracies of the LERS, together with their distribution, are significantly associated with constellation configuration, satellite orbital height, and time synchronization precision. Furthermore, we verified the detecting and positioning capabilities based on the data from transmitting-and-receiving tests utilizing a terrestrial LERS simulator and the on-orbit satellite SY-15, and the positioning error is less 3 km under a certain virtual multi-satellite constellation when accounting for ionospheric delay.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA004084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Did the Extreme Drought in the Yangtze River Basin in 2022 Break the 2019 Record? 2022 年长江流域特大干旱为何打破 2019 年纪录？

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003972

Linwei Jiang, Wenhao Gao, Kexu Zhu, Jianqiu Zheng, Baohua Ren

{"title":"Why Did the Extreme Drought in the Yangtze River Basin in 2022 Break the 2019 Record?","authors":"Linwei Jiang, Wenhao Gao, Kexu Zhu, Jianqiu Zheng, Baohua Ren","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003972","url":null,"abstract":"This study employs a multi-faceted approach combining meteorological (Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)), agricultural (Soil Moisture (SM) percentiles), and land-atmosphere moisture balance principles to comparatively analyze two unprecedented extreme drought events in the traditionally humid Yangtze River Basin during the summer to autumn of 2019 and 2022. The results reveal that, although both droughts persisted for roughly 2 months, the 2022 event exhibited a more abrupt onset and greater intensity. Soil moisture levels in 2022 plummeted below 5%, surpassing the severity of the 2019 drought and marking it as the most severe regional drought on record. The daily SPEI calculations effectively tracked the progression of both droughts, demonstrating a strong correlation with fluctuations in SM. The 2019 drought followed a traditional pattern, developing gradually and primarily driven by prolonged precipitation deficits. In contrast, the 2022 drought was characterized as a flash drought, triggered by extreme heatwaves under a pre-existing wetter condition, which induced a positive feedback loop among high temperatures, increased evaporation, and reduced SM. The rapid reduction in SM further decreased soil heat capacity, exacerbating daytime temperature. Moisture budget analysis shows that, in 2019, the persistent moisture deficiency stemmed from wind divergence obstructing the moisture supply, leading to prolonged periods of local dryness and a gradual buildup of the drought. In 2022, extreme heat-induced elevated Evapotranspiration (ET) further exacerbated SM loss, intensifying the drought and causing it to develop rapidly. Moreover, both droughts were significantly influenced by the position and strength of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH).","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the Complementarity of GEO and LEO Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders for NWP 研究近地轨道和低地轨道高光谱红外探测仪在 NWP 中的互补性

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003965

Erica L. McGrath-Spangler, N. C. Privé, Bryan M. Karpowicz, Andrew K. Heidinger, Min-Jeong Kim, Satya Kalluri

{"title":"Examining the Complementarity of GEO and LEO Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders for NWP","authors":"Erica L. McGrath-Spangler, N. C. Privé, Bryan M. Karpowicz, Andrew K. Heidinger, Min-Jeong Kim, Satya Kalluri","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003965","url":null,"abstract":"The recent advent of hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounders from Geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO) and the proposed global ring of these instruments has motivated questions about the role of similar existing and proposed instruments in low Earth orbit (LEO) to provide observation data for numerical weather prediction (NWP) model initialization to enhance forecast accuracy, and how the two platforms may complement each other. As plans are made ahead of the prospective NOAA/NASA Geostationary eXtended Observations (GeoXO) mission and the necessary shift of the LEO constellation with the demise of existing instruments and the launch of new, planned missions, these questions are particularly relevant. The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) seeks to address potential uncertainties and synergies concerning the utility of the LEO and GEO hyperspectral IR sounders' data on NWP when used separately and in concert. The GMAO Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework was used to examine the roles of both GEO and LEO sounders and how they affect forecast error with examples from an Atlantic hurricane and moist energy error norm reduction over the contiguous United States, among other metrics. Results show that LEO sounders are crucial in the reduction of global errors, but that high temporal resolution observations are critical on the scale of targeted regions. Proper representation of weather phenomena relevant to stakeholders may depend on both. Overall, the inclusion of both GEO and LEO hyperspectral infrared sounders resulted in the largest beneficial impact on global NWP skill and the most accurate weather forecasts.","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolving Asymmetric Spectral Bands

IF 2.9 3区地球科学

Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1029/2024EA003981

Adrian J. Brown

引用次数: 0