International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"Exploring animal enclosures and parasite interactions in Germany","authors":"Christopher Sander ,&nbsp;Niko Balkenhol ,&nbsp;Stephan Neumann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to gain an initial impression of the current parasite situation in wildlife enclosures across Germany, 17 enclosures of six animal species were examined for parasites in soil and fecal samples in seven facilities. Of particular interest in this context are helminths and protists. Despite the potential risks, however, there are only a few studies on parasites in animal enclosures due to the taboo subject. The study examined 661 fecal samples from fallow deer (<em>Dama dama,</em> N = 247), wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>, N = 207), red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus,</em> N = 111), mouflon (<em>Ovis orientalis musimon</em> N = 76), roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>, N = 12) and bison (<em>Bison bonasus</em>, N = 8) as well as 136 soil samples from 12 single-species enclosures and 5 mixed-species enclosures. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (54.46 %) tested positive for parasites using flotation and sedimentation methods. In addition, parasites were detected in 62.5 % (N = 85) of the soil samples. Examination of the faecal samples revealed that the most common parasite species were <em>Strongyloides</em> sp., <em>Trichostrongylus</em> sp. and <em>Trichuris</em> sp. With the help of a Geographic Information System (GIS), the findings could be displayed on an enclosure map and initial hypotheses on environmental relationships could be made. Particularly high parasite samples were mostly located near feeding and resting areas. The results underline the need for more regular monitoring and targeted parasite management to protect the health of the animals. GIS can be used as an additional tool to help identify hotspots and to specifically incorporate the environment into management in order to take animal-friendly measures. This will play a greater role in the future in the context of anthelmintic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population response to anthelminthic treatment in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas, 2014–2016","authors":"Cassandra Henry,&nbsp;Matthew Z. Brym,&nbsp;Jeremiah Leach,&nbsp;Ronald J. Kendall","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northern bobwhite quail (<em>Colinus virginianus</em>) are an economically significant gamebird that has experienced continued general decline in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas. Habitat loss and changing environmental conditions have been cited as major contributors to this decline, with factors such as parasites being considered inconsequential. To better assess the impacts of parasite infections on bobwhite populations in the Rolling Plains, bobwhite abundance was monitored in response to anthelminthic treatment. With the prevalence of <em>Oxyspirura petrowi</em> and <em>Aulonocephalus pennula</em> infections in quail from Mitchell County, Texas confirmed by previous studies, the anthelminthic agent Fenbendazole was introduced as a means of parasite control in 2014–2015. Bobwhite abundance was determined through a series of call counts which provided an index of bobwhite populations and were conducted throughout the course of the study. In 2016, call counts revealed a significant increase of bobwhite in the area subject to Fenbendazole treatment, while untreated areas showed no changes in abundance. Fall populations of bobwhite in the treated zone approached 300% of those in untreated areas, these findings suggest that parasites may have a more significant impact on quail populations in the Rolling Plains than previously suspected. With the importance of bobwhite as a game bird in the Rolling Plains, the potential impacts of parasites must be taken into consideration as a factor contributing to bobwhite declines. Further research into the long-term effects these parasites have on quail populations in the ecoregion may aid landowners in developing affordable and effective conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of feather mite (Acariformes: Astigmata) prevalence and load in a promiscuous bird during the breeding season","authors":"Joanna Wołoszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Jacek Dabert ,&nbsp;Sandra Kaźmierczak ,&nbsp;Janusz Kloskowski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of ectosymbiotic feather mites on avian host fitness and factors driving the variation in mite infestation levels, such as host mating and brood care system, are poorly understood. We investigated patterns of feather mite prevalence and abundance, and relationships between infestation and body condition in breeding Aquatic Warblers <em>Acrocephalus paludicola</em>, a promiscuous songbird with female-only parental care. In plumage, the dominant mite species was <em>Trouessartia bifurcata,</em> whose prevalence more than doubled during the breeding season, to reach 95% (95% confidence limits 71–99) during the second-brood period. Approximately 5% of birds were co-infested with <em>Proctophyllodes</em> cf. <em>clavatus</em>. While mite prevalence did not differ between sexes, mite abundance was significantly greater in Aquatic Warbler females than in males, and it increased between the first- and the second-brood period irrespective of sex. No significant relationship was found between mite prevalence or abundance and host condition expressed as mass scaled to size. However, in breeding females, this relationship could be confounded by the effects of nest-dwelling ectoparasites present in some nests but only sporadically if at all detected on adult birds; 2% of adult birds were heavily infested with the hematophagous mite <em>Dermanyssus hirundinis</em> (Mesostigmata). Our findings indicate that the mating system may affect symbiont variability between and within host species. The high prevalence of feather mites on adult birds at the late stage of the breeding season supports the hypothesis that promiscuous species have high infestation levels. Greater mite loads on Aquatic Warbler females than males reveal a different pattern from previously studied birds. However, we did not identify any consequences of mite infestation for the female body condition or current breeding success; hence, the apparently commensal relationship does not imply costs of female promiscuity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platyhelminthes of common buzzard (Buteo buteo): Checklist of species in Europe and new parasite-host associations in Romania","authors":"Katarzyna Anna Hołówka ,&nbsp;Angela Monica Ionică ,&nbsp;Mihai Ilea ,&nbsp;Alexandru Cristian Poșa ,&nbsp;Vlad Dan Cotuțiu ,&nbsp;Alexandru Bulacu ,&nbsp;Jilji Sitko ,&nbsp;Oana Cristina Vasiliu ,&nbsp;Andrei Daniel Mihalca ,&nbsp;Călin Mircea Gherman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Platyhelminthes are common parasites of diurnal birds of prey, including common buzzard (<em>Buteo buteo</em>). They are widely distributed in Europe. Despite the extensive study of flatworms across the continent, this study represents the first report for Romania and extends the biogeographic knowledge of Platyhelminthes in diurnal raptors. It also identifies common buzzards as a new host of <em>Parastrigea flexilis</em> in Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Between 2017 and 2020, 63 common buzzards (<em>Buteo buteo</em>) found road killed or dead due to other causes were collected from Romania. All specimens were necropsied and examined for internal helminths, which were preserved in ethanol for molecular identification and formaldehyde for morphological identification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Species identified included Cestoda: <em>Cladotaenia globifera</em> (33.3%) and five species of Trematoda: <em>Neodiplostomum attenuatum</em> (12.7%), <em>Strigea falconis</em> (6.4%), <em>Parastrigea flexilis</em> (3.2%), <em>Neodiplostomum spathoides</em> (3.2%) and <em>Brachylaima fuscata</em> (1.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides new data about diversity, phylogenetics and geographical distribution of Platyhelminthes parasitizing <em>Buteo buteo</em> in Romania. To our best knowledge, it identifies <em>B. buteo</em> as a new host of <em>Parastrigea flexilis</em> and reports the first genetic sequence of <em>Neodiplostomum spathoides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of enteric helminth parasites in bushmeat in Ghana","authors":"Joanita Asirifi Yeboah ,&nbsp;Winnifred Offih-Kyei ,&nbsp;Caleb Kobina Danso-Coffie ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Boafo ,&nbsp;Philip Banahene ,&nbsp;Rhoda Yeboah ,&nbsp;Godfred Futagbi ,&nbsp;Langbong Bimi ,&nbsp;Daniel Oduro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic activities, such as hunting wild animals for food, increase the risk of zoonotic transmission of infective stages of parasites to humans. The handling, processing and consumption of wild animal meat, popularly known as ‘bushmeat’, as well as exposure to wildlife habitats, can pose a significant risk to human health through the transfer of parasitic infective stages. This study sought to assess the enteric helminth parasite burden and potentially zoonotic helminths in fresh, wild animal carcasses being processed for food. Parasitological analysis of samples of rectal and intestinal contents collected from a total of fifty (50) wild animal carcasses belonging to eight (8) different species at the Atwemonom Bushmeat Market in Kumasi showed nine (9) genera of enteric helminth parasites with an overall prevalence of 71.0%. Individual parasite species prevalence was assessed, with <em>Ascaris</em> sp. showing 25% and 87.5% by coprological and molecular assessment, respectively. Molecular analysis showed a higher parasite species prevalence in all samples analyzed. Species-specific analysis indicated the presence of two potentially zoonotic parasites, <em>Strongyloides stercoralis</em> and <em>Trichuris trichiura</em>, in wild animals, indicating the need to intensify one health approach in wild animal parasitic infections. Data from this study suggest that wild animals in addition to being natural hosts, may also serve as reservoirs for numerous parasites of medical and veterinary importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common cuckoo eggs are more resistant to puncture by the host","authors":"Hanlin Yan ,&nbsp;Longwu Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The puncture resistance hypothesis suggests that thick-shelled eggs of parasitic birds can resist puncture-ejection by the host. However, few experiments have yet been conducted to test this hypothesis in terms of natural host behavior (e.g., pecking at foreign eggs). To explore whether the eggshells of common cuckoos (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>) are resistant to puncture-ejection by their common hosts, Oriental reed warblers (<em>Acrocephalus orientalis</em>), we designed experiments to investigate if and how breeding Oriental reed warblers peck at foreign eggs that includes common cuckoo, Oriental reed warbler and budgerigar (<em>Melopsittacus undulatus</em>) eggs. The results showed that, given the same frequency of egg pecking, the probability of eggshell breakage was 87.5% for eggs of the Oriental reed warbler and 0% for eggs of the common cuckoo, with a significant difference (<em>P</em> = 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Our study shows clearly that common cuckoos' eggshells are less susceptible to puncture-ejection than those of Oriental reed warblers and budgerigars. This indicates that the eggshells of common cuckoos can resist host Oriental reed warblers' puncture-ejection, supporting the puncture resistance hypothesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giardia duodenalis in sympatric wild reindeer and domestic sheep in Norway","authors":"Kjersti Selstad Utaaker ,&nbsp;Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes ,&nbsp;Bjørnar Ytrehus ,&nbsp;Per-Anders Robertsen ,&nbsp;Olav Strand ,&nbsp;Lucy J. Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer graze freely on natural pastures in Norway, often sharing these with domestic sheep and other domestic and wild ruminants. In this study, faecal samples from wild reindeer and domestic sheep were collected from two areas in southern Norway and analysed to assess the occurrence and assemblage of <em>Giardia duodenalis.</em> Among 162 wild reindeer samples, 25 (15%) were positive for <em>Giardia</em>, showing high infection intensities, with most of the samples belonging to sub-assemblage AI, which has zoonotic potential. Interestingly, this study did not detect subassemblage AIII, known to be found in wild ruminants. Among 45 sheep samples, 13 (29%) were <em>Giardia-</em>positive, with most belonging to assemblage E.</div><div>The finding of predominantly assemblage AI in the reindeer was surprising, particularly given the large proportion of sheep shedding assemblage E <em>Giardia</em> cysts. As the number of sheep on these natural pastures far outnumbers the wild reindeer, it is intriguing that they do not seem to share <em>Giardia</em> assemblages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the anatomy of Linguatula serrata using micro-computed tomography","authors":"Alice Birckhead ,&nbsp;Ryan O'Hare Doig ,&nbsp;Ann Carstens ,&nbsp;David Jenkins ,&nbsp;Shokoofeh Shamsi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an emerging tool in parasitology that can assist in analysing morphology and host-parasitic interactions. It is a non-destructive, cross-sectional imaging technique that offers good resolution and the ability to create three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. Here, we used micro-CT to study <em>Linguatula serrata</em>, which is a zoonotic pentastome parasite that infects dogs and ruminants throughout the world. The aims of this study were to describe the internal and external anatomy of adult <em>L. serrata</em> specimens using micro-CT, and to describe and compare specimens stained with 0.3% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and 1% iodine (I₂). Ten adult <em>L.</em> <em>serrata</em> specimens were subjected to micro-CT examination. The specimens were fixed in 70% ethanol and stained with 0.3% PTA or 1% I₂. Both stains offered good tissue contrast. The main identifying external features of <em>L. serrata</em> (hooks, mouth, buccal cadre) were clearly visible. Virtual sections and 3D reconstructions provided a good overview of the coelomic cavity, with visualisation of the digestive tract, nervous system, and male and female reproductive organs. These micro-CT images and morphological descriptions may serve as an anatomical reference for <em>L. serrata</em>, in particular, the internal anatomy which has not been described in recent years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and two parasitic nematode populations in western Oklahoma to anthelmintic supplemental feed","authors":"Jeremiah Leach ,&nbsp;Hannah N. Suber ,&nbsp;Regan Rivera ,&nbsp;Katelyn A. Conley ,&nbsp;Shannon P. Lukashow-Moore ,&nbsp;James G. Surles ,&nbsp;Ronald J. Kendall","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been demonstrated that helminths are capable of critically impacting the fitness of their hosts. This has typically been shown experimentally through the administration of anthelmintic drugs but are rarely performed on a landscape or host population scale. Here, the anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ) was mixed in a supplemental feed and provided to a free-ranging population of Northern bobwhite quail (<em>Colinus virginianus</em>). Abundances of Northern bobwhite and two nematode parasites commonly found infecting Northern bobwhite were monitored and compared to a neighboring untreated population. The Northern bobwhite population receiving the medicated feed grew substantially from 2019 to 2022, while the neighboring site had no change in abundance. The treated population was also substantially greater than the untreated population in 2021 and 2022. Additionally, the treated Northern bobwhite population had substantially lower abundances of the two nematodes. This research provides evidence of the ability of helminth populations to have a negative impact on Northern bobwhite populations and presents a method for reducing helminth abundance in those populations on a landscape scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisakid nematode larvae in freshwater fishes in the St. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada)","authors":"Catherine Brisson-Bonenfant ,&nbsp;Yves Paradis ,&nbsp;David J. Marcogliese ,&nbsp;Guillaume Côté ,&nbsp;Sarah Aubé ,&nbsp;Simon Bernatchez ,&nbsp;Philippe Brodeur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anisakid nematodes were observed in freshwater and anadromous fishes in the St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada. Fish were caught at different locations across a 250 km gradient in the St. Lawrence ecosystem covering freshwater and estuarine habitats. Depending on the sampling sites, nematode prevalence ranged from 30% to 58% for sauger (<em>Sander canadensis</em>) and was 43% for Atlantic tomcod (<em>Microgadus tomcod</em>). For walleye (<em>Sander vitreus</em>), parasites were found only in a fluvial Lake (Lake Saint-Pierre) of the St. Lawrence River, with a prevalence of 23%. In all sampling sites, mean abundance of nematodes in the flesh was higher in sauger than in walleye. Presence of nematodes was significantly correlated with fish total length for walleye, sauger and Atlantic tomcod. Sealworm, <em>Phocanema decipiens</em> s.s., and whaleworm, <em>Anisakis simplex</em> s.s., were found and identified by molecular analysis in sauger and walleye in a fluvial lake (Lake Saint-Pierre), the fluvial estuary and the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River, while Atlantic tomcod were found infected in a freshwater river tributary (Sainte-Anne River) during spawning.This is the first record of <em>Ph. decipiens s.s.</em> in a non-anadromous freshwater fish. The presence of sealworm and whaleworm in walleye and sauger is attributed to their forays into the brackish waters of the fluvial estuary and suggest large scale migrations between the brackish and the fresh waters of the St. Lawrence River.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}