International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"Tick-borne piroplasms and trypanosomes incidentally detected in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) during a mortality and morbidity event in southern New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Makenna Short ,&nbsp;Kira Lowe ,&nbsp;Michelle Michie ,&nbsp;Ina Smith ,&nbsp;Kim Blasdell ,&nbsp;Alexander G. Maier ,&nbsp;Alexander W. Gofton","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tick-borne haemoparasites, including piroplasms and trypanosomes, are almost ubiquitous in Australian wildlife, with some associated with health impacts to individual animals and declining wildlife populations. An array of ecologically distinct piroplasm and trypanosome species occur throughout Australia although many of these species and their sylvatic ecologies are poorly characterised. Between May 2022 and October 2023, an anecdotally reported localised eastern grey kangaroo (<em>Macropus giganteus</em>) morbidity/mortality event occurred in coastal southern New South Wales, Australia, characterised by animals presenting with blindness, emaciation, lethargy, ataxia, and astasia. Here we used molecular techniques to identify tick-borne piroplasms (<em>Babesia</em> and <em>Theileria</em>) and trypanosomes in affected animals<em>.</em> Blood (n = 89) and liver (n = 19) samples were collected after the humane euthanasia of wild animals due to welfare concerns, and brief notes on the animal's health were recorded. In total, 20 (22.5%) animals were infected with tick-borne haemoparasites, including a novel <em>Theileria</em> sp. nov. (14, 15.7%), <em>Babesia macropus</em> (2, 2.2%), <em>Trypanosoma gilletti</em> (5, 5.6%), and <em>Trypanosoma vegrandis</em> (1, 1.1%). Liver samples were also screened for Wallal and Warego viruses due to animals' blindness, but were negative. This is the first report of <em>T. gilletti</em> and <em>T. vegrandis</em> in eastern grey kangaroos, although they have been previously reported in high numbers in ticks which commonly parasites this host. The novel <em>Theileria</em> sp. was previously reported in questing <em>Ixodes holocyclus</em> and in ticks from an opportunistically collected eastern grey kangaroo and red-necked wallaby (<em>Notamacropus rufogriseus</em>). However, we show for the first time this <em>Theileria</em> sp. can occur widely in eastern grey kangaroos. Ultimately, this small study did not intend, and is not able to draw inference regarding the pathogenicity of these haemoparasites to eastern grey kangaroos and it is likely that other factors, such as chronic <em>Phalaris</em> grass toxicity, had a role in this localised mortality/morbidity event.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000786/pdfft?md5=b28736ae846ecd3815df48d8f37ea5d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000786-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and management of infections caused by Giardia sp., Trichuris sp. and Demodex sp. in captive Brazilian porcupines (Coendou prehensilis)","authors":"Gastón Moré ,&nbsp;Peggy Rüegg-van den Broek ,&nbsp;Olivier J. Glardon ,&nbsp;Diana S. Gliga ,&nbsp;Caroline F. Frey ,&nbsp;Walter Basso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Brazilian porcupine (<em>Coendou prehensilis</em>, Rodentia, Erethizontidae) is an arboreal South American nocturnal rodent. Switzerland is home to one of the largest captive colonies in Europe. In June 2022, most of the animals in this colony showed severe diarrhoea, and <em>Giardia</em> sp. cysts were detected. All the animals were treated with metronidazole (75 mg/animal/day orally) for five days, repeating after two weeks. The diarrhoea continued, sometimes containing blood, and further analyses revealed <em>Giardia</em> sp. cysts and <em>Trichuris</em> sp. eggs with a particular undulating eggshell in pooled samples. The soil layer of some enclosures was removed to thoroughly clean and disinfect the underlying concrete floor. The animals were treated with fenbendazole (50 mg/kg/day orally) for 5 days repeating after three days. <em>Giardia</em> sp. cysts were not further detected. However, <em>Trichuris</em> sp. eggs were detected in branch bark samples and in six animals 2–3 months after treatment. The treatment with fenbendazole was repeated and no further <em>Trichuris</em> sp. eggs were detected. A <em>18S rRNA</em> fragment consensus sequence showed 98.58% identity with <em>Trichuris fossor</em>. The <em>Trichuris</em> sp. in <em>C. prehensilis</em> may represent a new species, specific for arboreal porcupines. <em>Demodex</em> mites were observed in faecal flotations and thereafter in skin scrapings from five animals (four of them being family-related). A <em>16S</em> consensus sequence showed 86.4% identity with other <em>Demodex</em> species. The animals were initially treated with moxidectin (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg orally) and afterwards with sarolaner (10 mg/animal) but the treatments were not completely effective since in control scrapings, two animals evidenced few non-motile mites. An individual susceptibility and poor immunological control of the infection is suggested. Treatment with fenbendazole was effective against <em>Giardia</em> sp. and <em>Trichuris</em> sp. infections; however, reinfections may occur if the enclosures and tree branches are not deep cleaned and disinfected or replaced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000725/pdfft?md5=852612ed9a6a9a31d23a8dceeb76229f&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000725-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular analysis of feces reveals gastrointestinal nematodes in reintroduced wild asses of the Negev desert","authors":"R. Forman ,&nbsp;M. Lalzar ,&nbsp;M. Inbar ,&nbsp;T.S. Berman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reintroduced animals face disease risks, potentially impacting both the reintroduced and the local wildlife/domestic populations. This study focuses on the Asiatic wild asses (<em>Equus hemionus</em>) reintroduced to the Negev desert in southern Israel. Despite potential threats of disease spill-over to and from domesticated donkeys and horses in the area, there are no records of the gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of the wild ass population. We used DNA metabarcoding on fecal samples of wild asses collected across seasons and habitats, near water sources that they frequently use. Ten GIN species were detected in the feces, nine belonging to the family Strongylidae, which commonly infects and causes disease in equids worldwide, such as horses, zebras, and donkeys. Some of these Strongylidae species are also found in domesticated equids in Israel, thus raising concerns regarding potential parasite transmission between wild and domestic animals. The high prevalence of certain GIN species suggests frequent transmission, likely due to the congregation of the wild asses around water sources. While we observed statistically significant variations in some GIN species across seasons and habitats, we did not find clear overall differences between GIN communities. DNA metabarcoding proves to be a valuable tool for identifying GIN species in wild animals, with potential applications in monitoring their health and preventing disease transmission to and from domestic animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000762/pdfft?md5=95bc4c9b357ee9a4212a34bb6f120f57&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000762-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New distribution record, morphological and molecular characterization of Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) tenuis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico","authors":"Aarón Hernández-Núñez,&nbsp;Víctor M. Vidal-Martínez,&nbsp;M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) tenuis</em> is a mosquito-borne subcutaneous parasite of raccoons, regarded as the causative agent of most human dirofilarial infections in North America. Despite the wide geographic range of raccoons in the Americas, the presence of this parasite has not been confirmed outside its known endemic areas in the Southern United States. Based on morphological and molecular data, we present the first record of <em>D. (N.) tenuis</em> in wild raccoons from the Yucatan Peninsula. Adult thread-like worms recovered from subcutaneous tissues of wild raccoons were analyzed with light microscopy, histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cox1 gene sequencing for identification and phylogenetic analysis. The collected nematodes were identified as <em>D. (N</em>.<em>) tenuis based on their morphology</em>. SEM analysis revealed details about different facial ornamentations in male worms, which had not been previously described. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed morphological observations by placing our specimens within clades of the <em>Dirofilaria</em> genus. Our findings represent the first molecular characterization for this nematode and extend the geographical range of this parasite to Mexico. Further studies are required for a more accurate picture of the epidemiology of this filarioid across Mexico and other areas overlapping the raccoon's range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000774/pdfft?md5=6eedcaae29dfeba510ce985e62c693b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000774-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brood parasitism and host-parasite relationships: Cuckoos adapt to reduce the time of hatching ahead of host nestlings by increasing egg thickness","authors":"Valeriy G. Narushin ,&nbsp;Michael N. Romanov ,&nbsp;Nili Avni-Magen ,&nbsp;Darren K. Griffin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phenomenon of cuckoos’ brood parasitism is well known and can be investigated using applied mathematical techniques. Among adaptive features of this phenomenon are certain egg parameters that ensure their shortened incubation period (<em>I</em>) and thus the successful survival of their offspring. In particular, the volume of a cuckoo egg is not less than, or exceeds, that of the host species, which should, in theory, increase <em>I</em>. Also, cuckoo eggs have thicker shell than that of nest hosts. Here, we analyzed the available geometric dimensions of eggs in 447 species and found an inverse correlation (−0.585, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) between <em>I</em> and the shell thickness-to-egg surface area ratio (<em>T</em>/<em>S</em>). A mathematical relationship was derived to calculate <em>I</em> depending on <em>T/S</em>. This premise was confirmed by comparative calculations using egg images of two parasitic species, common (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>) and plaintive cuckoo (<em>Cacomantis merulinus</em>) and their hosts: great reed warbler (<em>Acrocephalus arundinaceus</em>), European robin (<em>Erithacus rubecula</em>), rufescent prinia (<em>Prinia rufescens</em>), and common tailorbird (<em>Orthotomus sutorius</em>). An average calculated <em>I</em> value for cuckoo eggs was one day less than that for host eggs. Our findings unravel additional details of how cuckoos adapt to brood parasitism and specific host-parasite relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000750/pdfft?md5=52c201518f792192c6a2038e10a5299c&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000750-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectoparasites of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) in Germany","authors":"Katrin Bisterfeld ,&nbsp;Marie-Kristin Raulf ,&nbsp;Andrea Springer ,&nbsp;Johannes Lang ,&nbsp;Michael Lierz ,&nbsp;Christina Strube ,&nbsp;Ursula Siebert","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the impact of parasites on wildlife populations is an important aspect of conservation management. However, research on ectoparasites in wildlife can be difficult, as examinations of live animals which are not habituated to human handling are often impossible. The European wildcat (<em>Felis silvestris</em>) is a strictly protected wildlife species whose population has been recovering in Germany in recent decades. Several studies from different European countries have investigated the parasitological status of European wildcat populations. However, most of these studies assessed endoparasite infections, whereas ectoparasite infestations have often been neglected. To fill this knowledge gap for wildcats in Germany, 131 dead found specimens were examined for ectoparasites by macroscopic and microscopic examination of the fur and the ear canals. Infestation with ectoparasites was present in 84.0% (110/131) of the wildcats. Ticks showed the highest prevalence with 72.5% (95/131) of wildcats infested, with 49.6% (65/131) infested with <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> and 36.6% (48/131) with <em>Ixodes hexagonus</em>/<em>canisuga</em>. A total of 27.5% (36/131) of the wildcats were positive for at least one flea species. Of the nine different flea species identified by morphology and/or molecular analyses, Ceratophyllidae were most common (16.8% [22/131]), with <em>Ceratophyllus sciurorum</em> confirmed on 12.2% (16/131) and <em>Nosopsyllus fasciatus</em> on 1.5% (2/131) animals, followed by <em>Pulex irritans</em> (5.3% [7/131]), <em>Spilopsyllus cuniculi</em> (3.8% [5/131]), <em>Chaetopsylla</em> spp. (3.1% [4/131]) (2/131 <em>Chaetopsylla trichosa</em> and 1/131 <em>Chaetopsylla globiceps</em>), <em>Ctenocephalides felis</em> (1.5% [2/131]), <em>Archaeopsylla erinacei</em> (1.5% [2/131]) and <em>Ctenophthalmus baeticus</em> (0.8% [1/131]). Further, 23.7% (31/131) of the wildcats harboured mites, identified as <em>Trombicula autumnalis</em> in 12.2% (16/131) and <em>Otodectes cynotis</em> in 4.8% (6/124) of cases. The only louse species detected was <em>Felicola hercynianus</em> with a prevalence of 2.3% (3/131). Infestation intensities ranged from 1 to 86 ticks, 1–49 fleas, 1–1896 mites, and 1–92 <em>F. hercynianus</em> per wildcat. This study demonstrates that a variety of ectoparasites infests wildcats in Germany, but they do not seem to have a serious impact on the general health of wildcats, as judged by the hosts' mostly good or very good nutritional condition. In addition, the potential risk to domestic cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) and humans posed by the wildcats’ ectoparasites, appears to be low but present.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000737/pdfft?md5=ef8ab052c75594513213c919a6fb3b0e&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000737-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from common buzzard broods on the interaction between Leucocytozoon infection, watercourse habitats and simuliid blackfly vectors","authors":"Anja Wiegmann ,&nbsp;Andrea Springer ,&nbsp;Meinolf Ottensmann ,&nbsp;Tony Rinaud ,&nbsp;Oliver Krüger ,&nbsp;Christina Strube ,&nbsp;Nayden Chakarov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blood parasites of the genus <em>Leucocytozoon</em> commonly infect many bird species worldwide and are particularly prevalent in birds of prey. As a vector-borne parasitic disease, the infection occurrence overlaps with that of the dominant vectors: blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). These blood-sucking insects are dependent on habitats with flowing freshwaters for the development of their larval stages. We investigated the correlation between the proximity to flowing waters and <em>Leucocytozoon</em> infection probability in common buzzard (<em>Buteo buteo</em>) broods, as well as the occurrence of adult blackflies directly at the nests. In addition, we investigated the survival of captured simuliids in relation to host infection intensity. In total in 2019, we examined 112 different nests, including 297 common buzzard nestlings, with a <em>Leucocytozoon</em> prevalence of 56.6% among the nestlings and of 80.3% at brood level. We found no significant association of <em>Leucocytozoon</em> infection probability with nestling age, the distance to the nearest stream and the sum of the length of streams within a radius of 200 and 1000 m around each nest. The number of blackflies caught around the nest showed a tentative correlation with the probability of <em>Leucocyozoon</em> infection of the nestlings. Among the subsample of 218 blackfly individuals that survived day one after capture, survival averaged 6.2 days. Our results suggest that <em>Leucocytozoon</em> transmission is complex and requires consideration of many factors, related to habitat and vector prevalence, especially given their temporal variation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000749/pdfft?md5=f1872811366a10ec361f669ec02f9ae1&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000749-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of Babesia and Hepatozoon species and morphological characteristics of Babesia species in Japanese wild boars","authors":"Shiho Ohmori ,&nbsp;Motoko Nagano-Fujii ,&nbsp;Kazuo Suzuki ,&nbsp;Masataka Korenaga ,&nbsp;Fumi Murakoshi ,&nbsp;Atsuko Saito-Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated intraerythrocytic <em>Babesia</em> parasites in 21 Japanese wild boars, <em>Sus scrofa leucomystax</em>, captured in Wakayama Prefecture on the mainland from 2008 to 2009 and in 31 Japanese wild boars from 2011 to 2013 in Kochi Prefecture on Shikoku Island, Japan. We detected small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene (SSUrDNA) fragments of a <em>Babesia</em> species in 17 boars from Wakayama and 18 boars from Kochi. The nearly full SSUrDNA sequence (1669 bps) of this species was determined. A FASTA search revealed that the SSUrDNA sequence of the <em>Babesia</em> sp. in Japanese wild boars was the most homologous to those of several <em>Babesia</em> isolates reported as <em>Babesia gibsoni</em>. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the <em>Babesia</em> sp. found in Japanese wild boars was the closest relative to <em>B. gibsoni</em> but made a different clade from <em>B. gibsoni</em>. The <em>Babesia</em> sp. in Japanese wild boars was completely different from <em>Babesia</em> sp. Suis found in a European domestic pig, <em>Sus scrofa domesticus</em>. By microscopic examination, ring-shaped, oval and pear-shaped small sized intraerythrocytic parasites were observed on blood smears of 12 of 18 Japanese wild boars whose blood smears could be examined in Wakayama. We also detected SSUrDNA fragments of a <em>Hepatozoon</em> species in 6 of the 21 wild boars from Wakayama. The nearly full SSUrDNA sequence (1774 bps) of the <em>Hepatozoon</em> sp. was shown to be identical to that of <em>Hepatozoon apri</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000713/pdfft?md5=e4ce270951389e8ed57a981d7cca6ce9&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000713-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges for assessment of cohabiting stocks of argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus using parasites as biological tags","authors":"María Paz Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Delfina Canel ,&nbsp;Paola E. Braicovich ,&nbsp;Ana L. Lanfranchi ,&nbsp;Manuel M. Irigoitia ,&nbsp;Marcela L. Ivanovic ,&nbsp;Nicolás I. Prandoni ,&nbsp;Beatriz Elena ,&nbsp;Juan T. Timi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Argentine shortfin squid <em>Illex argentinus</em> is one of the most important commercial species for the Argentine fisheries. The understanding of its stock structure is therefore necessary to ensure fishery sustainability and, given the relevance of squids in the regional food web, for biodiversity conservation. An overlap between parasitology and fisheries lies in the use of parasites as biological tags to identify the stock composition of exploited resources, however, the efficiency of this methodology has been questioned for stock assessment in cephalopods. In this work, the value of parasite assemblages of <em>I. argentinus</em> to discriminate between the co-occurring summer spawning stock (SSS) and south patagonic stock (SPS) in a mixing area over the Patagonian continental shelf during summer was evaluated for two cohorts. Five shortfin squid samples corresponding to SSS and SPS were examined for metazoan parasites. The squid size affected the parasite assemblage similarities, conversely, no gender effect on the infracommunities was observed. Multivariate analysis evidenced similarity in parasite assemblage composition and structure between both stocks captured in the mixing area on the same date. This similarity was related to the presence of short-lived trophically transmitted parasites, which are associated with their recently consumed food items and, indirectly, to the oceanographic conditions. The same set of host and environmental variables were identified as the most probable causes of the temporal variability observed in parasite assemblages between SPS cohorts and even intra-cohort. Despite the value of parasites as tags for discriminating squid stocks may have little value when cohabiting stocks are analysed, their variability could serve as a valuable indicator of environmental conditions. The use of parasites as biological tags to discriminate stocks needs to be verified at different spatiotemporal scales, including samples from other non-sympatric stocks in the analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000701/pdfft?md5=9b19e74c1ebe41a6d71c4f3514df56d4&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000701-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics in gastrointestinal helminth infections of sympatric mouse lemur species (Microcebus murinus and Microcebus ravelobensis) in Northwestern Madagascar","authors":"Annette Klein ,&nbsp;Ute Radespiel ,&nbsp;Andrea Springer ,&nbsp;Romule Rakotondravony ,&nbsp;Christina Strube","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Madagascar's lemur populations are declining in dwindling habitats due to anthropogenic expansion and changing climatic conditions. Gastrointestinal parasites can be important indicators to assess the health status of threatened species. However, parasites, hosts and the environment are connected in complex interactions. The present study aimed to disentangle the impact of seasonal and several host-specific factors (sex, species, age, reproductive status, and body mass) on endoparasitism in two small-bodied, co-occurring lemur species (<em>Microcebus murinus</em> and <em>Microcebus ravelobensis</em>) in the Ankarafantsika National Park. Helminth prevalence and egg shedding intensity was investigated via copromicroscopic examination of 810 fecal samples that were obtained from 178 individuals across an 11-month period with a longitudinal approach via repeated captures in a 30.6 ha forest area. Both mouse lemur hosts shed seven morphologically distinct egg types (assigned to <em>Subulura baeri</em>, unidentified Enterobiinae, <em>Spirura</em> sp., <em>Lemuricola</em> sp., two Hymenolepididae spp., one unidentified ascarid). Postmortem examination of two deceased individuals enabled assignment of adult worms to egg morphotypes of <em>S. baeri</em>, <em>Spirura</em> sp. and one Hymenolepididae sp., supported by molecular analysis. A significant seasonal variation was observed in the occurrence of the three most common helminth species <em>S</em>. <em>baeri</em> (total prevalence 71%), unidentified Enterobiinae (46%) and <em>Spirura</em> sp. (38%), with a higher likelihood of infection with advancing dry season. Neither host species, sex nor reproductive status had a significant effect on gastrointestinal helminth infections. Host body mass showed pronounced seasonal changes but did not differ significantly between infected and non-infected individuals. The pathogenic effects of gastrointestinal helminths therefore likely remained within compensable limits in the studied mouse lemur populations. Our findings highlight the prominent influence of seasonal changes on helminth communities. The results of combined morphologic and genetic approaches can furthermore help to overcome limitations of parasite identification via copromicroscopy by linking egg morphology to DNA sequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000683/pdfft?md5=3d8da184945ba253f3041341192cd52b&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000683-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}