International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"New records of Hepatozoon and Oswaldofilaria from saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in Australia","authors":"T. Franciscus Scheelings,&nbsp;Anson V. Koehler,&nbsp;Robin B. Gasser","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diseases affecting wild Australian saltwater crocodiles (<em>Crocodylus porosus</em>) are rarely reported due to the difficulty in capturing animals and obtaining samples. In this investigation, we identified two haemoparasites (<em>Hepatozoon</em> and a filarial nematode) in saltwater crocodiles in Darwin, Australia. Light microscopic examination identified <em>Hepatozoon</em> in 7/7 (100%) wild crocodiles and in 2/20 (10%) of captive ones. When genomic DNAs from these same samples were further investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing, we detected <em>Hepatozoon</em> in all 27 blood samples. Using both microscopy and PCR-based sequencing, we detected a filarial worm (proposed to be <em>Oswaldofilaria</em>) in one of 20 captive crocodiles. The sequence data were compared with sequence data available in public databases, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the operational taxonomic units of <em>Hepatozoon</em> and <em>Oswaldofilaria</em> discovered here in these crocodiles are likely new species. This study is the first to use molecular tools to explore haemoparasites in Australian saltwater crocodiles and highlights the importance of health investigations in poorly studied vertebrate hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000221/pdfft?md5=43801c0c9ae9327698e7cd2014c373fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of Bartonella rochalimae and Hepatozoon canis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from China","authors":"Shiyi Wang ,&nbsp;Nannan Cui ,&nbsp;Ziman Lv ,&nbsp;Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Shanshan Zhao ,&nbsp;Changqing Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) have been recognized as natural reservoirs for multiple pathogens and a source of infection for domestic animals, wildlife and humans. To date, no reports are available on the <em>Bartonella rochalimae</em> and <em>Hepatozoon canis</em> infection in red foxes from China. In 2018–2022, a total of 16 red foxes were sampled in two counties and a city in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in northwest China. Subsequently analyzed by DNA extraction amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the present study, based on nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic tree analyses, <em>B</em>. <em>rochalimae</em> and <em>H</em>. <em>canis</em> were molecularly identified in red foxes. Our findings provide the first molecular evidence of <em>B</em>. <em>rochalimae</em> and <em>H</em>. <em>canis</em> in red foxes from China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442400021X/pdfft?md5=cf4ce2584a02eab522a310a36a9bbc48&pid=1-s2.0-S221322442400021X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Sarcocystis albifronsi, Eimeria alpacae, and Cystoisospora felis in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in northwestern China","authors":"Nannan Cui ,&nbsp;Shiyi Wang ,&nbsp;Ziqi Wang ,&nbsp;Sándor Hornok ,&nbsp;Huiqian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Lu ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eurasian lynx (<em>Lynx lynx</em>) is widely distributed in various habitats in Asia and Europe, and it may harbor multiple pathogens. Currently, the information on protozoan infection in Eurasian lynx is scarce. In this study, we performed nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) analysis to detect intestinal protozoan infection in three dead Eurasian lynxes, in northwestern China. Three dead Eurasian lynxes, an adult female (#1), an adult male (#2), and a cub male (#3), were sampled in West Junggar Mountain, the northwestern region of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The intestine samples were analyzed using nPCR. We used primers targeting the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (<em>COI</em>) for detection of <em>Sarcocystis</em> and <em>Eimeria</em> species and targeting the small subunit 18 S ribosomal RNA gene (<em>18S rRNA</em>) for detection of <em>Cystoisospora</em> species. The nPCR-positive products were sequenced, aligned, and phylogenetically analyzed. Three intestinal protozoa, <em>Sarcocystis albifronsi</em>, <em>Eimeria alpacae</em>, and <em>Cystoisospora felis</em>, were found in three Eurasian lynxes. The intestine sample of Eurasian lynx #2 was detected with <em>S</em>. <em>albifronsi</em> and <em>E</em>. <em>alpacae</em>. In addition, <em>C</em>. <em>felis</em> was only found in the intestine sample of Eurasian lynx #3. To the best of our knowledge, <em>S</em>. <em>albifronsi</em> and <em>E</em>. <em>alpacae</em> were detected in Eurasian lynx for the first time. In addition, <em>C</em>. <em>felis</em> was firstly found in Eurasian lynx in China. These findings extend our knowledge of the geographical distribution and host range of intestinal protozoa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000191/pdfft?md5=027ce2cea8310a7119b73684d4645f08&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000191-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otterly diverse - A high diversity of Dracunculus species (Spirurida: Dracunculoidea) in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis)","authors":"Michael J. Yabsley ,&nbsp;Kayla B. Garrett ,&nbsp;Alec T. Thompson ,&nbsp;Erin K. Box ,&nbsp;Madeline R. Giner ,&nbsp;Ellen Haynes ,&nbsp;Heather Barron ,&nbsp;Renata M. Schneider ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Coker ,&nbsp;James C. Beasley ,&nbsp;Ernest J. Borchert ,&nbsp;Renn Tumlison ,&nbsp;Allison Surf ,&nbsp;Casey G. Dukes ,&nbsp;Colleen Olfenbuttel ,&nbsp;Justin D. Brown ,&nbsp;Liandrie Swanepoel ,&nbsp;Christopher A. Cleveland","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <em>Dracunculus</em> contains numerous species of subcutaneous parasites of mammals and reptiles. In North America, there are at least three mammal-infecting species of <em>Dracunculus</em>. Reports of <em>Dracunculus</em> infections have been reported from river otters (<em>Lontra canadensis</em>) since the early 1900s; however, little is known about the species infecting otters or their ecology. Most reports of <em>Dracunculus</em> do not have a definitive species identified because females, the most common sex found due to their larger size and location in the extremities of the host, lack distinguishing morphological characteristics, and few studies have used molecular methods to confirm identifications. Thus, outside of Ontario, Canada, where both <em>D. insignis</em> and <em>D. lutrae</em> have been confirmed in otters, the species of <em>Dracunculus</em> in river otters is unknown. In the current study, molecular characterization of nematodes from river otters revealed a high diversity of <em>Dracunculus</em> species. In addition to confirming <em>D. insignis</em> infections, two new clades were detected. One clade was a novel species in any host and the other was a clade previously detected in Virginia opossums (<em>Didelphis virginiana</em>) from the USA and a domestic dog from Spain. No infections with <em>D. lutrae</em> were detected and neither new lineage was genetically similar to <em>D. jaguape</em>, which was recently described from a neotropical otter (<em>Lontra longicaudis</em>) from Argentina. These data also indicate that <em>Dracunculus</em> spp. infections in otters are widespread throughout Eastern North America. Currently the life cycles for most of the <em>Dracunculus</em> spp. infecting otters are unknown. Studies on the diversity, life cycle, and natural history of Dracunculidae parasites in wildlife are important because the related parasite, <em>D. medinensis</em> (human Guinea worm) is the subject of an international eradication campaign and there are increasing reports of these parasites in new geographic locations and new hosts, including new species in humans and domestic dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442400018X/pdfft?md5=b102aadf9c764179fd5400b24093130b&pid=1-s2.0-S221322442400018X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flea infestation of rodent and their community structure in frequent and non-frequent plague outbreak areas in Mbulu district, northern Tanzania","authors":"Stella T. Kessy ,&nbsp;RhodesH. Makundi ,&nbsp;Apia W. Massawe ,&nbsp;Alfan A. Rija","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding rodent-ectoparasite interactions and the factors driving them is important in understanding the epidemiology of diseases involving an arthropod vector. Fleas are the primary vector for <em>Yersinia pestis</em>, the bacteria that causes plague and monitoring of flea population is essential for planning the potential mitigation measures to prevent the disease outbreak. In this study, we investigated flea abundance, community structure and the potential factors driving flea infestation in areas with frequent (persistent) and non-frequent plague (non-persistent) outbreaks. We collected fleas from captured rodents in two villages with both forest and farm habitats. We found 352 fleas belonging to 5 species with <em>Dinopsyllus lypusus</em> the most abundant overall (57.10%) and <em>Ctenophthalmus</em> spp<em>.</em> the lowest (1.70%). There were no significant differences of flea abundance between study localities, habitats and seasons (p &gt; 0.05) but, flea infestation was significantly positively associated with the persistent locality and with the short rain season (p &lt; 0.05). Further, flea abundance increased significantly with rodent body weight (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, we found fleas broadly structured into two communities varying between the dry, long rain and short rain seasons. These findings have important implications for public health, as they may be used to assess and control the risks of plague transmission and other flea borne diseases in the foci.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000178/pdfft?md5=dfe6fd2b94b127bdeba1475007b52876&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000178-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of Demodex (Acari: Demodecidae) from the skin of golden-handed tamarins, Saguinus midas (Primates: Cebidae)","authors":"Toshihiro Tokiwa ,&nbsp;Kengo Ueda ,&nbsp;Nagi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Shyun Chou ,&nbsp;Kiyokazu Ozaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two captive-bred golden-handed tamarins, <em>Saguinus midas</em> L., 1758 (Primates: Cebidae), kept in households in Japan, presented with psoriasis-like plaques on their faces, along with scale, alopecia, and itching. Histopathological examination revealed numerous <em>Demodex</em> mites in the hair follicles, and the clinical symptoms in both cases improved after treatment with fluralaner. Based on the morphological and genetic characteristics of the mites collected from tamarins, we describe a new species of <em>Demodex</em>. This new species is the fifth valid <em>Demodex</em> species recorded from primates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000166/pdfft?md5=d895451b41c76224d3c32bb5b0e38c89&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000166-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alien intermediate snail host in Malawi - Orientogalba viridis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832) - A new concern for schistosomiasis transmission in Africa?","authors":"A. Juhász ,&nbsp;C. Nkolokosa ,&nbsp;E. Kambewa ,&nbsp;S. Jones ,&nbsp;L.J. Cunningham ,&nbsp;P. Chammudzi ,&nbsp;D. Kapira ,&nbsp;G. Namacha ,&nbsp;D. Lally ,&nbsp;S.A. Kayuni ,&nbsp;P. Makaula ,&nbsp;J. Musaya ,&nbsp;J.R. Stothard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The freshwater amphibious snail <em>Orientogalba viridis</em> commonly occurs in eastern Asia, on certain Pacific islands and more importantly has recently dispersed into Europe. Since this snail is now considered an invasive species, its distribution is of growing parasitological interest as an alien intermediate host for various trematodes, particularly liver flukes. As part of ongoing surveillance for snail-borne diseases in Malawi, a population of <em>O. viridis</em> was first observed in May 2023, alongside an alarming presence of a human schistosome cercaria. This snail population later underwent detailed morphological characterisation with both snail and parasite identities confirmed upon DNA barcoding. This seminal observation triggered more extensive local snail surveys, finding 3 further populations in separated rice paddies, with further field-caught snails (n = 465) screened for infection and a selection used for repeated experimental challenges with miracidia from <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> and <em>Schistosoma mattheei</em>. Although no field-caught (and experimentally exposed) snail was seen to shed schistosome cercariae, molecular xenomonitoring for schistosomiasis provided tangible evidence of putative transmission potential. Our first report of <em>O. viridis</em> here in Malawi, and more broadly in Africa, flags a need for increased vigilance for this invasive species alongside local clarification(s) of its transmission potential for trematodiases of either medical and/or veterinary importance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000154/pdfft?md5=9bd6763ef05b026fe0ae515f71077285&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000154-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of Trichomonas gallinae in Columbidae: Insights from a comprehensive analysis","authors":"Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Haiming Cai ,&nbsp;Dingai Wang ,&nbsp;Shenquan Liao ,&nbsp;Nanshan Qi ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Zhuanqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Hanqin Shen ,&nbsp;Siyun Fang ,&nbsp;Minna Lv ,&nbsp;Xuhui Lin ,&nbsp;Yongle Song ,&nbsp;Junjing Hu ,&nbsp;Yibin Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Chen ,&nbsp;Lijun Yin ,&nbsp;Jianfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo ,&nbsp;Mingfei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Trichomonas gallinae</em> is a protozoa that parasitizes the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of various animals and birds, including Columbidae, Passeriformes, and Falconiformes. Polymerase chain reaction-based <em>T. gallinae</em> ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 gene typing yields inconsistent results owing to methodological differences. To standardize the statistical analysis of <em>T. gallinae</em> genotype distributions, this study employed MEGA-X software with the Tamamura 3-parameter (T92) + G model in the neighbor-joining method, with 2,000 bootstrap replicates, to calculate a systematic evolutionary tree. The resulting tree comprised 12 branches, ITS-OBT-Tg-1 to ITS-OBT-Tgl, with similar phylogenetic relationships. Relevant literature review yielded <em>T. gallinae</em> prevalence data in Columbidae. Statistical analysis was conducted from two perspectives: non-biological and biological factors, using chi-square tests and ordered logistic regression analysis. <em>T. gallinae</em> positivity rates differed significantly across diverse regions (χ² = 4,609.9, P = 0.000, df = 4) and at various times (χ² = 2,810.8, P = 0.000, df = 3). However, temperature and precipitation did not significantly affect <em>T. gallinae</em> positivity rates. Additionally, <em>T. gallinae</em> positivity rates differed significantly among diverse hosts (χ² = 2,958.6, P = 0.000, df = 14) and by host age (χ² = 478.5, P = 0.000, df = 2) and sex (χ² = 96.00, P = 0.000, df = 1). This comprehensive analysis aimed to control <em>T. gallinae</em> transmission, reduce economic and species resource losses, and provide a foundation for future related research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000142/pdfft?md5=479ab15e819297a45dc2210d49e92598&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000142-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the embryonic development and larval infection potential of the stomach bot flies, Gasterophilus pecorum","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojia Wu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Liu ,&nbsp;Hongjun Chu ,&nbsp;Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Heqing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endangered Przewalski's horses have faced severe infections from <em>Gasterophilus pecorum</em> (Diptera, Gastrophilidae) in Xinjiang's Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR). This study examines <em>G. pecorum</em>'s development and infection patterns in embryonic and larval stages, crucial for understanding horse botfly disease in desert grasslands. For the incubation of <em>G. pecorum</em> fertilized eggs, we established the six distinct temperature gradients: 16 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C, 30 °C, and 32 °C. Using the least squares method, we calculated the correlation between the developmental threshold temperature of the eggs and their cumulative effective temperature. Furthermore, we meticulously recorded the survival duration of the larvae across a spectrum of temperature gradients (−20 °C, −10 °C, 4 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C) and under varying conditions (dark and light). This method allows us to analyze and interpret the impact of these environmental factors on larval survival durations. 1) The formula for predicting the embryonic development period of <em>G. pecorum</em> was N = (182.7 ± 12.03)/[T-(3.191 ± 1.48)], where the developmental threshold temperature was 3.191 ± 1.48 °C, and the effective accumulated temperature was 182.7 ± 12.03 d°C 2) The model describing the relationship between the embryonic development rate and temperature was: y = 0.0001x²+0.0007x+0.0378, demonstrating a positive correlation between the development rate and temperature (R-sq = 0.989, p &lt; 0.001). 3) Larvae in the dark group exhibited a longer survival time, with the longest being 9 months at 4 °C. The adaptation of <em>G. pecorum</em>'s embryonic development to cold temperature, combined with the extended survival period of larvae in the egg state, significantly increases the infection potential of <em>G. pecorum</em> in colder climates. This discovery offers essential insights into the predominance of <em>G. pecorum</em> in the KNR region and provides a crucial biological basis for the prevention of myiasis and the conservation of vulnerable species, such as Przewalski's horses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000130/pdfft?md5=81b7e03a57ff6ed4e11a8c46d4cbdc28&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000130-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)","authors":"Jaimie L. Miller ,&nbsp;Lawrence Erickson ,&nbsp;Susanne Fork ,&nbsp;Constance L. Roderick ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Grear ,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Cole","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the fall of 2021, California Department of Fish and Wildlife reported larval and adult California giant salamanders (<em>Dicamptodon ensatus</em> Eschscholtz, 1833) with skin lesions at multiple creeks in Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties, California, USA. Field signs in both stages included rough, lumpy textured skin, and larvae with tails that were disproportionately long, flat, wavy, and flaccid. Presence of large-bodied larvae suggested delayed metamorphosis, with some larvae having cloudy eyes and suspected blindness. To determine the cause of the disease, three first-of-the-year salamanders from one location were collected, euthanized with 20% benzocaine, and submitted for necropsy to the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center. Upon gross examination, all salamanders were emaciated with no internal fat stores, and had multiple pinpoint to 1.5-mm diameter raised nodules in the skin over the body, including the head, gills, dorsum, ventrum, all four limbs, and the tail; one also had nodules in the oral cavity and tongue. Histologically all salamanders had multiple encysted metacercariae in the dermis, subcutis, and skeletal muscles of the head, body, and tail that were often associated with granulomatous and granulocytic inflammation and edema. A small number of encysted metacercariae or empty cysts were present in the gills with minimal inflammation, and rarely in the kidney with no associated inflammation. Morphology of live metacercariae (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae), and sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene identified a species of <em>Euryhelmis</em> (Poche, 1926). Artificial digestion of a 1.65 g, decapitated, eviscerated carcass yielded 773 metacercariae, all of similar size and morphology as the live specimens. Based on these findings, the poor body condition of these salamanders was concluded to be due to heavy parasite burden. Environmental factors such as drought, increased temperature, and overcrowded conditions may be exacerbating parasite infections in these populations of salamander.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100908"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442400004X/pdfft?md5=4766fc980246764ceb315b8ea76d9a3d&pid=1-s2.0-S221322442400004X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}