Gastrointestinal parasite prevalence, diversity and association in free-ranging Chacma baboon troops in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem of Zimbabwe

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101012

Annabel Banda , Doreen Z. Moyo , Nokubonga Ncube , Edmore Utete , James Machingura , Tapiwa Gumbo , Edson Gandiwa

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Abstract

Free-ranging Chacma baboon species are known to harbour a wide range of zoonotic parasites, and their frequent close interactions with humans pose a risk of transmission of zoonotic parasites between the two species. This research study focused on understanding parasite dynamics in free-ranging baboon populations that inhabit human-wildlife interface areas, a case of Gwanda State University's Epoch Mine campus in Filabusi at Insiza district. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional design was used to investigate the prevalence, diversity and association of gastrointestinal parasites among three baboon troops found at the Epoch Mine campus. One hundred and twenty (120) fresh faecal samples were collected from the three troops between February and September 2023. The centrifugal floatation technique was used to process and analyse faecal samples, and parasite ova and cysts were identified using morphological features like shape and size. The prevalence of the parasite taxa and a chi-squared multiple comparison test was computed. Results showed significant differences among most parasite taxa except Coccidia spp and Entamoeba spp among the three troops. The Shannon–Wiener (H′) index was used to calculate diversity and graphs were utilized to present the association. The Kruskal-Wallis tests showed no significant difference in parasite diversity among the three troops. Although troop-parasite association showed different parasite species for each troop, helminths Strongylid spp. and Schistosoma spp. were highly common across all three troops. Troop 1 and 3 were associated with four parasite taxa, whereas Troop 2 had only three. The study reveals the presence of gastro-intestinal parasites of public health concern, as they are capable of causing diseases in humans and domestic animals. The study, therefore, underscores the importance of understanding parasite-host dynamics in mitigating zoonotic disease transmission and suggests the need to generate baseline data for mitigating zoonotic diseases and maintaining a healthy ecosystem.

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津巴布韦半干旱稀树草原生态系统中自由活动的查克马狒狒群的胃肠道寄生虫流行率、多样性和关联性

众所周知，自由放养的查克马狒狒携带多种人畜共患病寄生虫，它们与人类频繁的密切交往也带来了人畜共患病寄生虫在两个物种之间传播的风险。这项研究的重点是了解栖息在人类与野生动物交界地区的自由活动狒狒种群的寄生虫动态。该研究采用描述性和分析性横断面设计，调查了在 Epoch Mine 校园发现的三支狒狒队伍中胃肠道寄生虫的流行率、多样性和关联性。研究人员于 2023 年 2 月至 9 月期间从三个狒狒群中收集了 120 份新鲜粪便样本。采用离心浮选技术对粪便样本进行处理和分析，并根据形状和大小等形态特征对寄生虫卵和包囊进行鉴定。计算了寄生虫类群的流行率，并进行了卡方多重比较检验。结果表明，除球虫属和恩塔米巴虫属外，大多数寄生虫类群在三支部队中存在明显差异。采用香农-维纳（H′）指数来计算多样性，并利用图表来显示相关性。Kruskal-Wallis 检验表明，三支部队的寄生虫多样性没有显著差异。虽然部队与寄生虫的关联显示每个部队的寄生虫种类不同，但蠕虫类的强龙虫属和血吸虫属在三个部队中都很常见。1 号和 3 号部队有四个寄生虫类群，而 2 号部队只有三个。这项研究揭示了公共卫生方面存在的胃肠道寄生虫，因为它们能够引起人类和家畜的疾病。因此，这项研究强调了了解寄生虫-宿主动态对减轻人畜共患病传播的重要性，并表明有必要为减轻人畜共患病和维持健康的生态系统生成基线数据。

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来源期刊

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

113

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife (IJP-PAW) publishes the results of original research on parasites of all wildlife, invertebrate and vertebrate. This includes free-ranging, wild populations, as well as captive wildlife, semi-domesticated species (e.g. reindeer) and farmed populations of recently domesticated or wild-captured species (e.g. cultured fishes). Articles on all aspects of wildlife parasitology are welcomed including taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution, ecology and epidemiology, population biology and host-parasite relationships. The impact of parasites on the health and conservation of wildlife is seen as an important area covered by the journal especially the potential role of environmental factors, for example climate. Also important to the journal is ''one health'' and the nature of interactions between wildlife, people and domestic animals, including disease emergence and zoonoses.