International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"Nematophagous fungi as biological control agents of parasitic nematodes in soils of wildlife parks","authors":"Christopher Sander,&nbsp;Stephan Neumann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infections with soil-transmitted helminths pose a significant threat to wildlife in enclosures, where transmission of these parasitic larvae is easier due to the limited space. Nematophagous fungi offer a promising solution as they can naturally control these nematodes. In this study, three nematophagous fungi (<em>Arthrobotrys oligospora</em>, <em>Dactylaria scaphoides</em>, <em>Nematoctonus leiosporus</em>) purchased from the non-profit global biological resource center ATCC were tested for their suitability as biological control agents. The nematodes <em>Strongyloides</em> sp., <em>Trichostrongylus</em> sp. and <em>Oesophagostomum</em> sp. Were isolated from three animal species: wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) (n = 10), fallow deer (<em>Dama</em>) (n = 5) and mouflon (<em>Ovis orientalis musimon</em>) (n = 5) from a wildlife park using the Baermann-Wetzel method. In a second step, the fungi were brought into contact with the parasites on the soil of the enclosures. The two media tests showed that the nematophagous fungi were more effective on the agar plate than on the autoclaved soil. Only <em>D. scaphoides</em> showed good efficacy on both media, while the other two fungi showed more marked differences on the two media. The results showed that these three nematophagous fungi can reduce parasites in soil before they are ingested by an infected animal. Given the increasing development of drug resistance and the use of chemical agents for soil treatment, this is an important finding that should be pursued in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gyrodactylus nigeri n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitic on Yunnanilus niger (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan Province, Southwest China","authors":"Le Zhou ,&nbsp;Tao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the infection of fish of the genus <em>Yunnanilus</em> by <em>Gyrodactylus</em> (Monogenea) parasites in the karst region of Yunnan (Southwest China), <em>Gyrodactylus</em> individuals were obtained from the rare and vulnerable host black loach <em>Yunnanilus niger</em>. Based on morphology and partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data, we identified and described a new species <em>Gyrodactylus nigeri</em> n. sp. Obtained from the fins of <em>Y. niger</em> from Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Of all available gyrodactylid sequences, the ITS fragment obtained has the highest similarity (88.3%) to the same part of the rDNA of <em>Gyrodactylus kobayashii</em>. The prevalence and mean intensity were 100% and 11.9, respectively. The morphological comparison of the similar haptoral structures revealed slight differences between the new species and the five <em>Gyrodactylus</em> species found in the hosts of Nemacheilidae, and the marginal hooks were compared with the 18 <em>Gyrodactylus</em> species found in the hosts of Nemacheilidae. In particular, <em>G</em>. <em>nigeri</em> n. sp. has robust, long, and straight hamuli with inclined roots, the lingulate ventral bar membrane, a short marginal sickle with a blunt marginal hook toe of marginal hooks, and an oval male copulatory organ (MCO). <em>Gyrodactylus nigeri</em> n. sp. is the first <em>Gyrodactylus</em> species isolated from <em>Y. niger.</em> Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species is a new member of the subgenus <em>G.</em> (<em>Limnonephrotus</em>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular-based laboratory testing confer accuracy over microscopical testing for tick identification","authors":"Isaac Singh ,&nbsp;Min-Kuang Lee ,&nbsp;Emily Kon ,&nbsp;Navdeep Chahil ,&nbsp;Martin Cheung ,&nbsp;Catherine Hogan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Morshed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As per published literature, the <em>Ixodes pacificus</em> tick is the primary Lyme disease vector in British Columbia (BC), while the <em>Ixodes scapularis</em> tick species is the dominant vector on the East Coast of Canada, with no <em>I</em>. <em>scapularis</em> presence seen in BC. However, a recent publication reported presence of <em>I. scapularis</em> in BC which initiated this study to determine the accuracy of the microscopic identification of ticks received in the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory and compare morphologic methods to molecular methods. Molecular testing uses a real-time PCR assay to amplify the internal transcribed spacer 2 region as a screening method for <em>I. scapularis</em>; while Sanger sequencing tests the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene for species confirmation. Of the 209 ticks tested, 74% were <em>I. pacificus</em>, 3.8% were <em>I. scapularis</em>, and 22% were other genus including <em>Amblyomma</em>. Phylogenetic analysis was achieved through Sanger sequencing, confirming the accuracy of the real-time PCR assay. Notably, 6 of 8 <em>I. scapularis</em> tick’s hosts had clear travel history outside BC, while the 2 remaining have no confirmed travel. Both the microscopic and molecular identification methods suggest that <em>I. pacificus</em> ticks are dominant in BC and ticks identified as <em>I. scapularis</em> have host travel history outside of BC. This study further underscores the importance of tick surveillance as global human travel and sometimes along with their pets facilitate tick migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread geographic distribution of filarioid nematodes in caribou (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) in Canada","authors":"Aparna Mariyam Thomas ,&nbsp;Guilherme G. Verocai ,&nbsp;John Soghigian ,&nbsp;Fabien Mavrot ,&nbsp;Naima Jutha ,&nbsp;Jan Adamczewski ,&nbsp;Tracy Davison ,&nbsp;Gwen Duytschaever ,&nbsp;Arthur Fernandes ,&nbsp;Allicia Kelly ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Kulpa ,&nbsp;Eve Lamontagne ,&nbsp;Lisa-Marie Leclerc ,&nbsp;Sara McCarthy ,&nbsp;Ashley McLaren ,&nbsp;Amanda D. Melin ,&nbsp;Susan J. Kutz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em> sspp.) is a keystone wildlife species in northern ecosystems that plays a central role in the culture, spirituality and food security of Indigenous People. The Arctic is currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of climate change, including warming temperatures and altered patterns of precipitation. These environmental changes can facilitate the transmission of arthropod-borne parasites, such as filarioid nematodes.</div><div>Filarioids are an important cause of morbidity and occasional mortality in <em>Rangifer</em> in Fennoscandia, however, much of the ecology and epidemiology of these parasites in caribou in North America, including Canada, remains unknown. We aimed to determine the parasitic diversity and geographic distribution of filarioid nematodes in three Canadian designatable units (DU) of caribou (barren-ground, boreal and Dolphin &amp; Union) from Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Newfoundland &amp; Labrador. Genomic DNA extracted from 768 blood samples was screened for filarioid nematodes using real-time PCR. The positive samples were Sanger sequenced to identify the parasite present. Based on the sequencing results, we identified <em>Setaria yehi</em> and <em>Onchocerca cervipedis</em> s.l. We then standardized a TaqMan probe based duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) protocol for the simultaneous detection of <em>S. yehi</em> and <em>O. cervipedis</em> s.l. Based on real-time PCR results, 8/768 samples were positive. <em>Setaria yehi</em> and <em>O. cervipedis</em> s.l. were present in 4 separate samples (0.5%) each. Using ddPCR, 68/192 samples were positive (35.4%). <em>Setaria yehi</em> DNA was detected in 57/192 positive samples (29.7%), <em>O</em>. <em>cervipedis</em> s.l. DNA was present in 22/192 samples (11.5%) and 11/192 samples (5.7%) had co-infections. <em>Setaria yehi</em> was detected in all three DUs tested. <em>Onchocerca cervipedis</em> s.l. were found in barren-ground and boreal caribou, but not from the Dolphin and Union caribou.</div><div>Through this broad-based survey and through developing and implementing advanced molecular methodologies, we have documented the apparent distribution and diversity of <em>S. yehi</em> and <em>O. cervipedis</em> s.l. in parts of three Canadian DUs of caribou. The knowledge gained from this study provides baseline data and methodology for the further elucidation of the epidemiology of these parasites in North America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of warble fly infestation in markhor, Capra falconeri","authors":"Ángeles Sáez-Ventura ,&nbsp;Gracia M. Liébanas ,&nbsp;Antonio Sánchez ,&nbsp;Ismoil Kholmatov ,&nbsp;Stéphane Ostrowski ,&nbsp;Jesús M. Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In December 2023, 35 third-instar larvae were collected from subcutaneous granulomatous cysts in a free-ranging markhor (<em>Capra falconeri</em>) hunted in the Dashtijum region of the Khazratishoh mountain range, Tajikistan. The larvae were identified as those of <em>Przhevalskiana silenus</em> (Diptera: Oestridae: Hypodermatinae). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an oestrid fly infestation in this host species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric lesions associated with the infection of Anisakidae nematodes in a dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima (Owen, 1866) stranded in the north coast of Brazil","authors":"Gisele C.C. Seade ,&nbsp;David F. Conga ,&nbsp;Tiago S. Santos ,&nbsp;Marcio O. Moura ,&nbsp;Diana M. de Farias ,&nbsp;Lana O. Silva ,&nbsp;Alexandra F. Costa ,&nbsp;Tayanna M. Amaral ,&nbsp;Maura M. de Souza ,&nbsp;Renata Emin-Lima ,&nbsp;Alessandra Scofield ,&nbsp;Gabriela Riet-Correa ,&nbsp;Valíria D. Cerqueira ,&nbsp;Pedro S. Bezerra Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to describe gastric lesions associated with parasitism by different nematodes of the family Anisakidae in a stranded specimen of dwarf sperm whale (<em>Kogia sima</em>) on the northeast coast of the State of Pará, northern Brazil. Specimens of helminths and samples of stomach tissue were collected from a dwarf sperm whale, stranded on Humaitá beach, State of Pará, Brazil. Stomach showed areas of erosion and ulcers, with the mucosa covered by fibrinonecrotic material containing bacteria and inflammatory infiltrate predominantly comprising polymorphonuclear cells. Granulomas were also found in the submucosa, characterized by central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, and cross sections of nematodes were observed. Fourth-stage larvae of the genus <em>Pseudoterranova</em>, two morphotypes of fourth-stage larvae of the genus <em>Anisakis</em> and adult specimens of <em>Skrjabinisakis paggiae</em> were morphologically identified. Molecular and phylogenetic analyzes confirmed the identity of the partial sequences of the cox2 mtDNA gene for adult specimens of <em>S. paggiae</em>. This study contributes to our understanding of the distribution of different of anisakids in <em>K. sima</em> and about the gastric lesions associated with these nematodes, in addition to expanding the knowledge about the occurrence of this aquatic mammal recorded for the first time in the northern region of Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite-Driven host manipulation: The case of trematodes in Neotropical tadpoles","authors":"Paula Maria Rosa ,&nbsp;Murilo de Souza Queiroz ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Mei Pelinson ,&nbsp;Luciano A. Anjos ,&nbsp;Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasites can impact tadpole survival in both lethal and sublethal ways. Sublethal effects include alterations in morphology and behavior, reduced competitive ability, and increased vulnerability to predation, while lethal effects result in direct mortality. These impacts can have significant consequences at both individual and population levels, especially given that amphibians host various parasites and pathogens, which may contribute to population declines. This study investigated the influence of digenetic trematodes, specifically <em>Lophosicyadiplostomum</em> sp. and Echinostomatidae metacercariae – larval stages found in second intermediate hosts, on the development and behavior of <em>Physalaemus cuvieri</em> tadpoles. Behavioral experiments assessed tadpole activity (time and movement number), water column use, and food consumption rates using video recordings and image analysis. Swimming performance was evaluated through predation simulations, and tadpole morphology (i.e. body size and mass) was measured post-experimentally. Infections by these digenetic trematodes resulted in a notable reduction in tadpole activity. A negative correlation was observed between <em>Lophosicyadiplostomum</em> sp. parasite load and both tadpole activity duration and movement frequency, indicating a common response to trematode infection. This study underscores the need for further research on digenetic trematodes to determine whether these behavioral modifications represent host manipulation by the parasites, potentially optimizing their transmission to the final host.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of a new species of Icosta Speiser , 1905 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from Southern Vietnam with the updated key to the subgenus Icosta","authors":"Aleksandra Yatsuk ,&nbsp;Emilia Nartshuk ,&nbsp;Andrey Bushuev ,&nbsp;Anvar Kerimov ,&nbsp;Nguyễn Văn Linh ,&nbsp;Oleg Tolstenkov ,&nbsp;Alexandr Matyukhin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The family Hippoboscidae, commonly known as “louse flies,” comprises pupiparous Diptera that are ectoparasites of birds and mammals, with significant impacts on their hosts and epidemiological importance. The louse fly fauna of Vietnam is relatively understudied compared to other countries in the Southeast Asia region. In this study, we describe a new species of the genus <em>Icosta</em> Speiser, 1905 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), <em>Icosta korzuni</em> <strong>sp. n.</strong>, collected from the lesser coucal <em>Centropus bengalensis</em> (Gmelin, JF, 1788) in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. This new species is distinguished from other <em>Icosta</em> species by the morphology of laterite 3, wing length, arrangement of wing microtrichia, body coloration, and its geographical distribution. Additionally, we provide an updated key to the subgenus <em>Icosta</em> Speiser, 1905.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological vs. molecular identification of trematode species infecting the edible cockle Cerastoderma edule across Europe","authors":"Leslie Stout ,&nbsp;Guillemine Daffe ,&nbsp;Aurélie Chambouvet ,&nbsp;Simão Correia ,&nbsp;Sarah Culloty ,&nbsp;Rosa Freitas ,&nbsp;David Iglesias ,&nbsp;K. Thomas Jensen ,&nbsp;Sandra Joaquim ,&nbsp;Sharon Lynch ,&nbsp;Luisa Magalhães ,&nbsp;Kate Mahony ,&nbsp;Shelagh K. Malham ,&nbsp;Domitilia Matias ,&nbsp;Mélanie Rocroy ,&nbsp;David W. Thieltges ,&nbsp;Xavier de Montaudouin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying marine trematode parasites in host tissue can be complicated when there is limited morphological differentiation between species infecting the same host species. This poses a challenge for regular surveys of the parasite communities in species of socio-economic and ecological importance. Our study focused on identifying digenean trematode species infecting the marine bivalve <em>Cerastoderma edule</em> across Europe by comparing morphological and molecular species identification methods. Cockles were sampled from ten locations to observe the trematode parasites under a stereomicroscope (morphological identification) and to isolate individuals for phylogenetic analyses using two gene markers, the small sub-unit ribosomal (18S) RNA gene (SSU rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). For the first time, we compared both morphological identification and phylogenetic analyses for each of the 13 originally identified species. First, we identified a group of five species for which morphological identification matched molecular results (<em>Bucephalus minimus</em>, <em>Monorchis parvus</em>, <em>Renicola parvicaudatus</em>, <em>Psilostomum brevicolle</em>, <em>Himasthla interrupta</em>). Second, we identified a group of six species for which molecular results revealed either misidentifications or cryptic diversity (<em>Gymnophallus choledochus</em>, <em>Diphterostomum brusinae</em>, <em>Curtuteria arguinae</em>, <em>Himasthla quissetensis</em>, <em>H. elongata</em>, <em>H</em>. <em>continua</em>). Third, our analyses showed that all sequences of two expected species, <em>Gymnophallus minutus</em> and <em>G. fossarum</em>, matched between the two, strongly suggesting that only <em>G. minutus</em> is present in the studied area. Our study clearly demonstrates that molecular tools are necessary to validate the trematode species composition. However, with 17 distinct genetic lineages detected, some of which are not fully identified, future studies are needed to clarify the identity and status (regular <em>vs.</em> accidental infection) of some of these cryptic trematode species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver fluke and schistosome cross-infection risk between livestock and wild mammals in Western Uganda, a One Health approach","authors":"Daisy Namirembe ,&nbsp;Tine Huyse ,&nbsp;Rapheal Wangalwa ,&nbsp;Julius Tumusiime ,&nbsp;Casim Umba Tolo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trematodiases strongly reduce the welfare of humans and animals causing a great decline in health and productivity. Insufficient data on the extent of trematode infection in definitive hosts and associated risk factors remain a great threat to its control. A cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the; prevalence of liver flukes and schistosomes in livestock and wild mammals and the socio-ecological risk factors associated with their spread. Fresh dung samples were collected opportunistically (n = 865) and examined using formal ether sedimentation and microscopy for parasite eggs. Twelve abattoir visits were conducted to examine the livers of animals killed for mature flukes. Key informants (n = 110) including farmers, butchers, game rangers, and herders were interviewed to document the socio-ecological risk factors. In the abattoirs, 57.1%(CI 0.422–0.712) of cattle were infected with <em>Fasciola</em> flukes and not sheep and goats. Cattle dung had the highest prevalence (56% CI 0.518–0.604) of <em>Fasciola</em> eggs, followed by sheep (50%, CI 0.319–0.681) and goats (28.2%, CI 0.218–0.353). Among wild mammals, hippos' dung (66%; 95% CI 0.53–0.777) had the highest prevalence of <em>Fasciola</em> followed by warthogs (8%; 95% CI 0.002–0.385) and baboons (6.7%; CI 0.002–0.319). No <em>Fasciola</em> eggs were observed in elephant dung (n = 21) and monkeys (n = 2). <em>Schistosoma bovis</em> was found in cattle dung from Mpeefu (2.6%; 95% CI 0.007–0.066) and Ndaiga (4.3%; 95% CI 0.022–0.075) while <em>S. mattheei</em> in goats’ (1.4%; 95% CI 0.00–0.075) and cattle (0.39%; 95% CI 0.00–0.021) dung samples from Ndaiga. Key informants had moderate knowledge of fasciolosis (62.7%), highest among butchers (89.7%), and lowest among herders (31.8%). Only veterinary officers knew about schistosomiasis in animals. Free-range grazing and unsafe water sources for livestock, shared with wild animals, were the risky practices by most farmers (66–100%). <em>Fasciola</em> was prevalent in livestock and wild mammals, while <em>Schistosoma</em> in cattle and goats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}