International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"Otodectes cynotis (Acari: Psoroptidae) infestations in Southern pudus (Pudu puda): In situ and ex situ data of an unexpected host-parasite record","authors":"Caroline Wilhelm ,&nbsp;Edwin Kniha ,&nbsp;Pamela Muñoz ,&nbsp;Ángelo Espinoza ,&nbsp;Laura Platner ,&nbsp;Saskia Dreyer ,&nbsp;Lisa Grund ,&nbsp;Zoë Tess Lara Lindhorst ,&nbsp;Ulrich Gärtner ,&nbsp;Julia Walochnik ,&nbsp;Anja Taubert ,&nbsp;Dominik Fischer ,&nbsp;Stephan Hering-Hagenbeck ,&nbsp;Carlos Hermosilla ,&nbsp;David Ebmer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Otodectes cynotis</em> (Acari: Psoroptidae) constitutes an obligate, non-burrowing ectoparasite and causes otodectic mange primarily in domestic and wild carnivores. Only few studies have described this parasite in herbivore hosts so far. In the current study, we report <em>O. cynotis</em> infestations in Southern pudus (<em>Pudu puda</em>), categorized in the IUCN red list as near threatened. <em>Otodectes cynotis</em> was detected in free-ranging animals in Chile (<em>in situ</em>), as well as in zoo-housed pudus at the Zoo Wuppertal, Germany (<em>ex situ</em>). During clinical work, two free-ranging pudus temporarily rehabilitated at the Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre (CEREFAS), Valdivia, Chile, were observed with low to moderate yellowish-brown secretions and encrustations inside the pinna and external auditory canal accompanied by an inflammatory <em>Otitis externa</em>. Analysis via light microscopy exhibited the presence of mange mites, which were identified as <em>O. cynotis</em> via morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. At the Zoo Wuppertal, ear mites were detected in 15 pudus between 2015 and 2024, however, a definite species identification (<em>O. cynotis</em>) was carried out in 4 animals within the current study between 2023 and 2024. Some affected pudus showed bald spots around the ears and the head and exhibited headshaking behavior, whilst others were asymptomatic. In some cases, mites were found as a secondary finding when clinical examination under general anesthesia was performed for other reasons. To the best of our knowledge, this signifies the first report of <em>O. cynotis</em> infestations in pudus by combining morphological and molecular identification. We here present clinical <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em> data and show that zoological gardens and widlife rehabilitation centers play an important role in research and monitoring of neglected wildlife diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic risks and conservation challenges: Gastrointestinal parasites in wild mammals of Chitwan National Park, Nepal","authors":"Babita Maharjan ,&nbsp;Payal Jain ,&nbsp;Narayan Prasad Koju","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) pose a significant threat to wildlife health and biodiversity, impacting reproductive activities, behavior, survival, and population dynamics. Identifying parasitic infections in wild animals can help to mitigate extinction risk and support conservation efforts. This study investigates the prevalence, diversity, and zoonotic risks of GIPs in six large wild mammals in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Fresh fecal samples were collected between December 2022 and April 2023 and examined using direct wet mount and concentration methods. By analyzing 63 fecal samples: Royal Bengal Tiger (<em>Panthera tigris</em>) (n = 7), Asian elephant (<em>Elephus maximus</em>) (n = 9), One-horned rhinoceros (<em>Rhinoceros unicornis</em>) (n = 10), Sloth bear (<em>Melursus ursinus</em>) (n = 9), Spotted deer (<em>Axis axis</em>) (n = 25), and Rhesus Monkey (<em>Macaca mullata</em>) (n = 3), we identified 19 GIP types: 3 protozoan species (<em>Balantioides coli, Isospora</em> spp.<em>,</em> and coccidia) and 16 helminth species, revealing an 85.7% infection rate. Helminths had a higher prevalence (85.7%) than protozoans (22%). Among helminths, nematodes were the most prevalent (69.8%) followed by trematodes (38.0%) and cestodes (17.4%). Eleven types of nematodes, three types of cestodes, and two types of trematodes were recorded. Multiple infections were more common than single infections. The high prevalence of GIPs indicates a major health issue that could affect species survival and conservation efforts in Chitwan National Park, highlighting the need for proactive conservation and health monitoring strategies for conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal helminth infections and ectoparasitism in wild rodents along wildlife-human interfaces in Tanzania","authors":"Venance T. Msoffe ,&nbsp;Claus A. Thomas ,&nbsp;Alfan A. Rija ,&nbsp;Jahashi Nzalawahe ,&nbsp;Abdul S. Katakweba ,&nbsp;Gerald Misinzo ,&nbsp;Ladslaus L. Mnyone","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gastrointestinal parasites pose a significant threat to human and domestic animal health across Africa. Despite numerous studies on ectoparasitism and endoparasitism in small mammals across different regions of the continent, the ecological role of rodents in transmission dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify gastrointestinal helminths in rodents and evaluate the influence of host-related factors, ectoparasite infestations, and environmental variables on helminth prevalence at wildlife-human interfaces in Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Gastrointestinal helminth eggs were quantified using the modified McMaster method on samples from captured rodents. Correlations between parasitological data, host scaled mass index (SMI), and ectoparasite intensity were analyzed. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were employed to assess helminth occurrence in relation to host demographics, ectoparasite load, and environmental factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths was 53.59%. Seven distinct helminth egg types were identified, representing two major taxa: nematodes and cestodes. Among the nematodes, eggs of <em>Trichuris</em> spp., <em>Strongyloides</em> spp., <em>Syphacia</em> spp., Capillariidae and Spirurida were identified. Cestode eggs present were <em>Hymenolepis</em>-like eggs and eggs of Anoplocephalidae. Whipworms (<em>Trichuris</em> spp.) exhibited the highest prevalence (23.2%), followed by threadworms (<em>Strongyloides</em> spp.) at 22.1%. Anoplocephalid eggs showed the lowest prevalence, at 0.56%. The occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in rodents was significantly associated with increased SMI and ectoparasite (flea and mite) infestations, while also varying across rodent species and collection sites.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the presence of potentially zoonotic helminths, including capillariids and <em>Hymenolepis</em>-like species, in rodents at wildlife-human interfaces. Furthermore, it identifies associations between gastrointestinal helminth infections and host body condition, as well as the intensity of ectoparasite infestations. These findings underscore the importance of considering host and environmental factors in understanding helminth transmission dynamics and their potential impact on public and veterinary health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary microscopic and molecular epidemiological survey of endoparasites within wild-caught and UK captive-bred reptiles: Assessing a potential parasitic disease public health risk?","authors":"Shea Murray ,&nbsp;Lucas J. Cunningham ,&nbsp;Paul Rowley ,&nbsp;Edouard Crittenden ,&nbsp;Nicholas R. Casewell ,&nbsp;E. James LaCourse ,&nbsp;J. Russell Stothard ,&nbsp;Alexandra Juhász","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the UK, exotic reptiles are increasingly popular as pets, and housed in zoological collections, whilst venomous snakes of medical importance have long been the focus of herpetological studies. As all reptiles can harbour protist and helminth parasites, some of these may carry tangible zoonotic risk. This study utilised traditional and molecular diagnostic techniques, including sedimentation-flotation, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR), and necropsy, to investigate endoparasite infections in captive-bred (CB) and wild-caught (WC) reptiles. Representative animals originated from pet shops, zoological and private collections as well as those housed in research herpetariums. Parasitic infections were detected in 21.1% (n = 109) of samples from 58 reptile species across 12 families. The most prevalent infections included nematodes (17.4%), cestodes (0.9%) and protists (3.7%). The nematodes, particularly strongylid (9.3%) and ascarid (5.6%) species, being the most common. Of particular interest, zoonotic genera, <em>Ophidascaris</em> and <em>Giardia</em> were identified. When possible, necropsy revealed latent infections, including prepatent stages of the hookworm <em>Kalicephalus</em> sp. and pentastomid larvae in <em>Echis ocellatus</em> snakes. These accounted for 55.6% of all parasitic infections. Real-time-PCR methods detected additional co-infection overlooked by microscopy, whilst necropsy provided additional insights. These findings highlight the need in the UK for better parasitic screening protocols to enhance captive reptile welfare, mitigate zoonotic risks and safeguard public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuckoo eyes are an important identification cue for the Oriental reed warbler host","authors":"Hanlin Yan ,&nbsp;Longwu Wang ,&nbsp;Laikun Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful recognition of parasites through effective identification cues can reduce the cost of anti-parasitic defenses by the host. Features on the front of the body such as the eyes may be important clues for the prey to perceive and recognize the parasite. In this study, we investigated whether the eyes of common cuckoos (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>), an obligate avian brood parasite, served as identification cues for its common host, the Oriental reed warbler (<em>Acrocephalus orientalis</em>). We displayed dummies of 3D printed common cuckoos and Oriental turtle doves (<em>Streptopelia orientalis</em>) with their eyes covered or not-covered near the nests of breeding Oriental reed warblers to test effect of the eyes on defense behaviors of the warblers towards these dummies. Oriental reed warblers significantly reduced attacks on the common cuckoos with eyes covered compared to those with eyes not-covered. However, there was no significant difference between the attacks on the Oriental turtle doves with not-covered eyes and those with covered eyes. Our results suggest that Oriental reed warblers use cuckoo eyes as an important discrimination cue. We explored for the first time the use of the cuckoo's eye as an important discriminative cue by Oriental reed warblers via visual manipulation of 3D printed cuckoos, which provides a new experimental validation of the host Oriental reed warbler's anti-parasite strategy in terms of visual cues. However, Future research should consider testing more cuckoo species and their hosts and further validating the identification cues of the eyes and other body parts in additional geographic populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the most of mortalities: Novel host-parasite records in a sandy inland mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis)","authors":"Fiona Knox ,&nbsp;Nahiid Stephens ,&nbsp;Sarah Keatley ,&nbsp;Amanda Ash ,&nbsp;James Douch ,&nbsp;Saul Cowen ,&nbsp;Kelly Rayner ,&nbsp;Rebecca Vaughan-Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From 2020 to 2022, systematic investigation of wildlife mortalities on Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia was initiated to inform wildlife disease risk analyses for translocation purposes. As part of this monitoring, in November 2020, a sandy inland mouse (<em>Pseudomys hermannsburgensis</em>) was found deceased with multiple comorbidities. Gross necropsy, histopathology and ancillary molecular testing identified several novel host-parasite associations. <em>Sarcoptes scabiei</em> was identified via molecular methods in association with consistent cutaneous pathology, representing the first known detection of this parasite in an Australian native rodent. A putative novel virus belonging to the subfamily <em>Gammaherpesvirinae</em> was also identified, representing the first known detection of a herpesvirus (<em>Orthoherpesviridae</em>) from this species, although it was not clearly associated with other disease processes. A heavy burden of the cestode <em>Hymenolepis microstoma</em> was also present in the gastrointestinal tract, representing a new host record for this species, whilst a pancreatic adenocarcinoma was also found. Beyond the novelty of these host records, these findings contribute to important health baselines of rodent populations on Dirk Hartog Island and highlight the value of investigating mortalities and implementing health surveillance as part of ecological monitoring and wildlife translocation projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined treatment regimen for Trichuris rhinopiptheroxella infection in Rhinopithecus roxellana in southern China","authors":"Zhengjiu Ren ,&nbsp;Jinzhi Lu ,&nbsp;Tianyou Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Guixin Dong ,&nbsp;Yaoyu Feng ,&nbsp;Dongjuan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (<em>Rhinopithecus roxellana</em>) is an endangered species in China and is susceptible to infection with <em>Trichuris</em> species. However, the worms are difficult to remove completely. A practical treatment regimen for trichuriasis was conducted over a seven-month period on 15 <em>R. roxellana</em> in a wildlife zoo in southern China. Initially, a combination of fecal examination, morphological observation, molecular identification of ITS1 and mitogenome, and infective pattern analysis revealed that <em>R. roxellana</em> was susceptible to <em>Trichuris rhinopiptheroxella</em>. Three rounds of treatment were administrated, with a dosage of 10 mg/kg albendazole or ivermectin in each. The initial administration of albendazole to 15 monkeys resulted in a reduction of fecal eggs per gram (EPG) by 7.8%–73.2%. The subsequent administration of albendazole to 9 monkeys demonstrated a reduction in fecal EPG by 52.6%–52.8%. The third administration of ivermectin to 5 monkeys resulted in a reduction of fecal EPG by 55.6%–96.6%. However, the EPG level increased in some monkeys after one month of these three anthelmintic administrations. Subsequently, improved strategies were implemented, including an increased dosage of albendazole, flame sterilization, the replacement of the sandy floor with concrete, and the hanging of food. Results showed that a reduction in the fecal EPG of 8 monkeys in the exhibition region, with a decrease from 5135 to 63. Additionally, 6 monkeys exhibited a negative EPG after one month. In the breeding region, the fecal EPG of 7 monkeys decreased from 7389 to 869. Additionally, 2 monkeys demonstrated a negative EPG after one month. This study provides evidence for the control of <em>Trichuris</em> infection in <em>R. roxellana</em> and offers a guideline for the treatment of trichuriasis in animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural life cycle and molecular characterization of Taenia talicei Dollfus, 1960 (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Estefanía Bagnato ,&nbsp;Juan José Lauthier ,&nbsp;Federico Brook ,&nbsp;Gabriel Mario Martin ,&nbsp;María Celina Digiani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through morphological and molecular studies, the natural life cycle of <em>Taenia talicei</em> Dollfus, 1960 (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from Argentine Patagonia is elucidated, involving subterranean rodents (Ctenomyidae) as intermediate hosts, and the Andean fox <em>Lycalopex culpaeus</em> (Canidae) as definitive host. Metacestodes (mono- and polycephalic fimbriocerci) were found mainly in the peritoneal cavity of <em>Ctenomys terraplen</em>, and the strobilate adult in the intestine of <em>L. culpaeus</em>. Correspondence between metacestodes and strobilate adults was based primarily on number, size and shape of rostellar hooks: 45–53 hooks alternated in two rows, small hooks 88–180 μm long and large hooks 230–280 μm long, with the characteristic shape described in the two main description of the species, both that of the metacestode (original description) and that of the strobilate adult (obtained experimentally). Further genetic analysis (cox1 gene mtDNA) corroborated the conspecificity between the metacestodes and the strobilate adults found in the Andean fox in the same study area. Genetic analysis also revealed conspecificity of the taxon found in Patagonia with the species registered in GenBank as <em>T. talicei</em>, obtained from different intermediate and definitive hosts from Peru and Argentina. <em>Taenia talicei</em> was previously reported from Argentina in the form of metacestodes naturally infecting two other species of <em>Ctenomys.</em> However, the strobilate adult was only described from the experimental infection of a domestic dog. Hence, this is the first report of the natural life cycle of <em>T. talicei</em> and of a species of <em>Taenia</em> endemic from South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic structure of Trichinella britovi populations in wildlife of north and northeast Iran","authors":"Faramarz Koohsar ,&nbsp;Saied Reza Naddaf ,&nbsp;Hamed Mirjalali ,&nbsp;Mehdi Mohebali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bagher Rockni ,&nbsp;Ahmad Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Mowlavi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trichinella britovi</em> is a parasite prevalent in the temperate regions of the vast Palearctic realm, including Iran. In this study, we investigated <em>Trichinella</em> infection in road-killed animals and carcasses in northern and northeastern Iran by artificial digestion. We assessed species identification and intraspecific genetic diversity using the markers 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (5S rDNA), internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1), and cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I (<em>COXI</em>). Of the 80 encountered carcasses, 10 had <em>Trichinella</em> infection, including seven golden jackals, one wolf, one wild cat, and one wild boar. BLAST analysis exhibited the highest similarities with <em>T. britovi</em> sequences in the GenBank database, at 99.79%, 99.84%, and 100% for <em>COXI</em>, 5S rDNA, and ITS1, respectively. All 5S rDNA sequences were identical, while analysis using DnaSP software identified eight haplotypes in the ITS1 region and six haplotypes in the <em>COXI</em> sequences. The phylogenetic analysis based on the <em>COXI</em> marker clustered all <em>T. britovi</em> sequences, including those from Iran, into a distinct clade. Furthermore, this marker revealed shallow branching, dividing <em>T. britovi</em> sequences into two subclades. The first subclade, the “European” group, consisted exclusively of haplotypes from Poland. In contrast, the second subclade, “Euro-Asiatic,” included haplotypes of Asian and European origins. The Euro-Asiatic and European populations exhibited a 0.52% genetic distance while showing 0.59% and 0.15% intrapopulation divergence, respectively. Further studies involving specimens from other regions of Iran, particularly the southeast adjoining the Oriental zoogeographical zone, could provide additional insights into the molecular identity and population structures of <em>T. britovi</em> and potentially other species in Iran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematophagous fungi as biological control agents of parasitic nematodes in soils of wildlife parks","authors":"Christopher Sander,&nbsp;Stephan Neumann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infections with soil-transmitted helminths pose a significant threat to wildlife in enclosures, where transmission of these parasitic larvae is easier due to the limited space. Nematophagous fungi offer a promising solution as they can naturally control these nematodes. In this study, three nematophagous fungi (<em>Arthrobotrys oligospora</em>, <em>Dactylaria scaphoides</em>, <em>Nematoctonus leiosporus</em>) purchased from the non-profit global biological resource center ATCC were tested for their suitability as biological control agents. The nematodes <em>Strongyloides</em> sp., <em>Trichostrongylus</em> sp. and <em>Oesophagostomum</em> sp. Were isolated from three animal species: wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) (n = 10), fallow deer (<em>Dama</em>) (n = 5) and mouflon (<em>Ovis orientalis musimon</em>) (n = 5) from a wildlife park using the Baermann-Wetzel method. In a second step, the fungi were brought into contact with the parasites on the soil of the enclosures. The two media tests showed that the nematophagous fungi were more effective on the agar plate than on the autoclaved soil. Only <em>D. scaphoides</em> showed good efficacy on both media, while the other two fungi showed more marked differences on the two media. The results showed that these three nematophagous fungi can reduce parasites in soil before they are ingested by an infected animal. Given the increasing development of drug resistance and the use of chemical agents for soil treatment, this is an important finding that should be pursued in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}