International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"A putative new Besnoitia species in the southern black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita","authors":"Juan Pablo Arrabal ,&nbsp;Gastón Moré ,&nbsp;María Marcela Orozco ,&nbsp;Elisa Helman ,&nbsp;Juliana Notarnicola ,&nbsp;Walter Basso ,&nbsp;Bárbara Betina Hartmann ,&nbsp;Andrea Schapira ,&nbsp;Leonardo Minatel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Besnoitia</em> spp. are cyst-forming coccidian parasites with a broad host range, infecting various wild and domestic animal species. Northamerican opossums (<em>Didelphis virginiana</em>) are severely affected by the infection with <em>B. darlingi</em>. This study presents a case of infection with <em>Besnoitia</em> in a road-killed female southern black-eared opossum (<em>Didelphis aurita)</em> in Misiones, Argentina. Many 0.5–1 mm cysts were observed in several muscles and visceral organs and were microscopically identified in skeletal muscles, tongue, and heart. Histological analysis disclosed multiple spherical cysts with a myriad of bradyzoites like-cells and a well-defined cyst wall. A small number of degenerate and ruptured cysts, surrounded by mild to moderate inflammation were observed. Genomic DNA from an individual cyst and muscle was extracted and ITS1 marker and <em>18S rRNA</em> gene fragments from sarcocystid protozoa were successfully amplified by PCR and sequenced. The <em>18S</em> sequence exhibited 100% identity with sequences of <em>B. darlingi</em> and <em>B. oryctofelisi</em>. Comparison of the complete ITS1 sequence (259 bp) revealed an identity of 99.2% with <em>B. oryctofelisi</em> and 97.7% with <em>B. darlingi.</em> This result together with the phylogeny positioning, suggest that the <em>Besnoitia</em> sp. in the present case differ from <em>B. darlingi</em>, being closely related with <em>B. oryctofelisi</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000944/pdfft?md5=07c9a5f996970a430df8b117e0eabec3&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000944-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enumerating genotypic diversity and host specificity of Giardia in wild rodents around a New York watershed","authors":"Matthew H. Seabolt ,&nbsp;Kerri A. Alderisio ,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao ,&nbsp;Dawn M. Roellig","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Giardia</em> is a genus of flagellated protozoans that parasitize the gastrointestinal tract of humans and wildlife worldwide. While <em>G. duodenalis</em> is well-studied due to its potential to cause outbreaks of diarrheal illness in humans, other <em>Giardia</em> species from wildlife have been largely understudied. This study examines the occurrence, host specificity, and genotypic diversity of <em>Giardia</em> in wild rodents living within the New York City water supply watershed. A novel nested PCR assay targeting the 18S ssu-rDNA gene is introduced, which captures nearly the entire gene for improved species-level determination versus existing molecular typing methods. Molecular characterization of 55 <em>Giardia</em> specimens reveals at least seven novel lineages. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a close relationship between the newly characterized <em>Giardia</em> lineages and rodent hosts, suggesting rodents as important reservoirs of <em>Giardia</em> and its close relatives. These findings provide insights into the diversity of <em>Giardia</em> species and their public health potential in localities with human-wildlife interaction and further emphasizes the need for continued efforts to improve the molecular tools used to study microbial eukaryotes, especially those with zoonotic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000919/pdfft?md5=3782ed2f9cde71c2b91c5123d516fe75&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000919-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filling the gaps on parasites of Osteocephalus: Helminth community structure of Osteocephalus cabrerai (Anura: Hylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Jorge Kevin Silva Neves ,&nbsp;Evelyn Lebrego Cardoso ,&nbsp;Gabriel Lima Rebêlo ,&nbsp;Adriano José Silva Félix ,&nbsp;Soraya Almeida Machado ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos ,&nbsp;Jeannie Nascimento Santos ,&nbsp;Francisco Tiago Vasconcelos Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Osteocephalus cabrerai</em> is an arboreal anuran widely distributed in South America. However, there are no parasitological studies conducted on the species, resulting in a parasite fauna completely unknown. Thus, this study aims to characterize the parasitic community structure of <em>O. cabrerai</em> in the municipality of Pedra Branca do Amapari, Amapá state, Amazon region, Brazil. We collected and necropsied 84 specimens of <em>O. cabrerai</em> to search for helminths. Parasite community structure was analyzed using helminth parasite richness, diversity, and abundance. The helminth component community of <em>O. cabrerai</em> comprises six nematode species: <em>Cosmocerca parva</em>, <em>Cosmocerca podicipinus</em>, <em>Oxyascaris oxyascaris</em>, <em>Oswaldocruzia chabaudi</em>, and <em>Physaloptera</em> sp. (larvae). Most helminth species represent the first record for the genus <em>Osteocephalus</em>, except <em>Physaloptera</em> sp. The helminth infections in the host showed a typical aggregated distribution pattern for parasites. We only found a positive correlation between the host weight and total intensity. Our bibliography revision reinforces the need for further studies on the helminth fauna of <em>Osteocephalus</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of four novel actinospore types of fish parasitic myxozoans and the occurrence of Branchiodrilus hortensis and Ophidonais serpentina from fish farms of Hungary","authors":"Nadhirah Syafiqah Suhaimi ,&nbsp;Boglárka Sellyei ,&nbsp;Zsolt Udvari ,&nbsp;Csaba Székely ,&nbsp;Gábor Cech","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six distinct actinospore types were identified in the intestinal epithelium of oligochaetes collected from the Szigetbecse and Makád fish farms of Ráckeve Danube Arm Fishing Association, in Hungary. Four new types: triactinomyxon type, raabeia type, aurantiactinomyxon type 1, and aurantiactinomyxon type 2, were described morphologically and molecularly from three invertebrate host species: <em>Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri</em>, <em>Ophidonais serpentina,</em> and <em>Tubifex tubifex</em>. The 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) analysis revealed that these new types of actinospores did not match any myxospore sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis placed the triactinomyxon type within the <em>Myxobolus</em> clade that parasitizes cyprinid fish, while the raabeia type and aurantiactinomyxon type 2 were both placed within the <em>Myxobolus</em> clade associated with Perciformes fish. Aurantiactinomyxon type 1 was clustered in a clade containing gill-infecting <em>Henneguya</em> spp. from Esociformes fish. However, no myxospores have been found yet to link to the newly sequenced actinospores reported in this survey. This study also reports the first occurrence of two oligochaetes species, <em>Branchiodrilus hortensis</em> and <em>Ophidonais serpentina</em> in Hungary, specifically in fish farms of Ráckeve Danube Arm Fishing Association. Moreover, this is the first report on the involvement of <em>Ophidonais serpentina</em> in the life cycle of myxozoans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasites of reptiles in Iran (1922–2023): A literature review","authors":"Alireza Sazmand ,&nbsp;MohammadParsa Miadfar ,&nbsp;Georgiana Deak ,&nbsp;Mohammad Babaei ,&nbsp;Jairo A. Mendoza-Roldan ,&nbsp;Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reptiles are among the most diverse groups of animals, inhabiting nearly all continents and environments. Understanding their parasite biodiversity has garnered significant interest, particularly from a One Health perspective. Although the highly diverse reptile fauna of Iran, comprising 272 species i.e. 89 snakes (Serpentes), 171 lizards (Sauria), 8 turtles, 2 tortoises (Testudines), 1 crocodile (Crocodilia), and 1 worm-lizard (Amphisbaenia), there is a shortage of information about parasites. The present review is a compilation of 62 studies published from 1922 to August 2024. We present information on 56 species of reptiles from five groups (amphisbaenians, crocodiles, testudines, snakes, and lizards) and 98 parasitic taxa belonging to different protozoa and metazoa i.e. nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, acanthocephala, leeches, ticks, mites, and myiasis -producing flies. Although 63 taxa were diagnosed at the species level, 35 parasite taxa were only reported at the genus or family levels. Reviewing the literature, we found a paucity of information about endemic reptiles several of which are vulnerable species. Considering that some of the detected parasites e.g. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> and amoebae have serious clinical and/or public health threats molecular diagnostic techniques are needed for precise identification and understanding of the epidemiology and the potential zoonotic implications associated with parasites of reptiles. There is also a need to understand the exact distribution and host-parasite associations in different reptilian species present in Iran including the role of the reptiles as intermediate and reservoir hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000889/pdfft?md5=53a3394faa289e0cd18ee31762c078e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000889-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glandular cell products in adult cestode: A new tale of tapeworm interaction with fish innate immune response","authors":"Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli ,&nbsp;Massimo Lorenzoni ,&nbsp;Antonella Carosi ,&nbsp;Giampaolo Bosi ,&nbsp;Emanuela Franchella ,&nbsp;Larisa G. Poddubnaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The caryophyllidean tapeworm <em>Caryophyllaeus brachycollis</em> (Janiszewska, 1953) is indigenous to the Lake Blidinje in the west-central part of Bosnia-Herzegovina where it infects chub <em>Squalius tenellus</em> (Heckel, 1843). Of 22 chubs examined, 45% were infected with <em>C. brachycollis</em> and a total of 912 specimens of this worm were counted. Histopathological and ultrastructural investigations were conducted on interface region between chub intestine and cestode scolex. Different sizes of lipid droplets in cestode tegument, in interface region and in chub enterocytes were observed. <em>C. brachycollis</em> lacks any specialized attachment organs and with an expanded, flattened scolex goes deep in mucosal folds and firmly attaches to them. In the epithelium of fish intestine, near the site of worm attachment, a high number of mucous cells and several rodlet cells were noticed. Indeed, within the intestinal tunica propria-submucosa, beneath the site of scolex attachment, numerous neutrophils and mast cells were encountered. Transmission electron microscopy of the apical part of the scolex of <em>C. brachycollis</em> showed the occurrence of a multicellular, syncytial glandular complex, the scolex produced membrane-bound secretory granules and their fibrillar contents discharged by merocrine and apocrine secretion onto the host-parasite interface. Our results are among the first to provide evidence on the sophisticated relationship between fish intestine and amorphous-undefinable substance produced by scolex glandular complex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000877/pdfft?md5=a61d18946052caaa2130931d4e4597fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Wildlife Malaria Research network (WIMANET): Meeting report on the 1st WIMANET workshop","authors":"Rafael Gutiérrez-López ,&nbsp;Martina Ferraguti ,&nbsp;Kasun H. Bodawatta ,&nbsp;Carolina R.F. Chagas ,&nbsp;Nayden Chakarov ,&nbsp;Mélanie Duc ,&nbsp;Tamara Emmenegger ,&nbsp;Luz García-Longoria ,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Lopes ,&nbsp;Josué Martínez-de la Puente ,&nbsp;Swen C. Renner ,&nbsp;Diego Santiago-Alarcon ,&nbsp;Ravinder N.M. Sehgal ,&nbsp;Daliborka Stankovic ,&nbsp;Alfonso Marzal ,&nbsp;Jenny C. Dunn","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Wildlife Malaria Network (WIMANET) is a groundbreaking multinational collaboration focused on studying vector-borne haemosporidian parasites in wildlife. Unlike human malaria, wildlife malaria is found on all continents except Antarctica, with parasites being transmitted by a range of vectors. The complexity and diversity of these parasites makes it necessary to have an interdisciplinary approach to understand and mitigate their impacts. Established in 2023 within the framework of COST-Action (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), WIMANET unites researchers from diverse scientific backgrounds to tackle critical questions about wildlife malaria on a global scale. This meeting report summarises the activities and plans resulting from the 1^st meeting of WIMANET's six working groups, spanning the genetic and morphological identification of parasites to understanding the drivers of host-parasite-vector associations from individual to community levels. WIMANET's collaborative efforts aim to fill the knowledge gaps and foster large-scale research initiatives transcending local and regional boundaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000853/pdfft?md5=8f8a8a8a17b73f2de9f6be9fe9202191&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000853-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a species-specific probe-based qPCR for detection of Setaria yehi (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) in Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas)","authors":"Guilherme G. Verocai ,&nbsp;Jordan L. Gomez ,&nbsp;Hassan Hakimi ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Kulpa ,&nbsp;Joe L. Luksovsky ,&nbsp;Daniel P. Thompson ,&nbsp;John A. Crouse","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northern ungulates contend with <em>Setaria yehi</em> and <em>Rumenfilaria andersoni</em>, filarioid nematodes that are transmitted by ectoparasitic blood-feeding arthropods, which can result in animal and population level impacts. <em>Setaria yehi</em> microfilariae can be detected in fresh blood samples using a modified Knott's test, or by postmortem detection by genetic sampling or through the retrieval of adult specimens in the peritoneal cavity. In this study we validated a novel qPCR for detection of <em>S</em>. <em>yehi</em> DNA in blood samples of moose (<em>Alces alces</em>). Additionally, we compared quantitative values from modified Knott's test to detect both <em>S. yehi</em> and <em>R. andersoni</em> from both fresh and frozen blood samples. Species-specific primers targeting a 121-base pair fragment of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (<em>cox1</em>) of <em>S. yehi</em>, and a species-specific probe were designed. The qPCR had a detection threshold of 0.157 pg/μL of parasite DNA. We collected 166 blood samples from wild moose captured on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska from 2019 to 2022. Matching blood aliquots were tested by modified Knott's test and subjected to DNA extraction for subsequent qPCR. Quantitatively, blood samples had an average <em>S. yehi</em> microfilaremia (mf) of 472.2 mf/mL (0–14,490 mf/mL) and <em>R. andersoni</em> of 72.9 mf/mL (0.0–5071.5 mf/mL). Qualitatively, 32.53% (<em>n</em> = 54) of samples tested positive for <em>S. yehi</em> in each of the tests, and 37.35% (<em>n</em> = 62) when both tests were combined, with very good agreement between the results from Knott's test and qPCR (<em>kappa =</em> 0.90). The validation of the qPCR test for <em>S. yehi</em> allows for faster, less labor-intensive diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of this emerging parasite in moose and other cervid hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000865/pdfft?md5=53ba096069ed17ead5c70f99927bb81a&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000865-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii in rodents and shrews in Armenia, Transcaucasia","authors":"Sargis A. Aghayan ,&nbsp;Manan V. Asikyan ,&nbsp;Oleg Shcherbakov ,&nbsp;Astghik Ghazaryan ,&nbsp;Tigran Hayrapetyan ,&nbsp;Alexander Malkhasyan ,&nbsp;Hasmik Gevorgyan ,&nbsp;Arseny Makarikov ,&nbsp;Svetlana Kornienko ,&nbsp;Ahmad Daryani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infections in small mammals are important because they serve as source of infection for the felids who excrete environmentally resistant oocysts in their feces. Here, the authors sought evidence for <em>T. gondii</em> infection in shrews and rodents in Armenia for the first time. <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> DNA was detected in tissues of trapped animals using a specific PCR targeting gene with a non-coding fragment length of 529 bp. <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> DNA was detected in 15 out of 137 (10.9%) samples from small mammals from 6 different localities of Armenia for the first time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442400083X/pdfft?md5=9fa320826a00b399c295b42a0244c3f3&pid=1-s2.0-S221322442400083X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, spatial distribution and risk mapping of Dirofilaria immitis in wild canids in southern Québec, Canada","authors":"Ève-Marie Lavallée-Bourget ,&nbsp;Christopher Fernandez-Prada ,&nbsp;Ariane Massé ,&nbsp;Julie Arsenault","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Domestic dogs (<em>Canis familiaris</em>) and wild canids, including coyotes (<em>Canis latrans</em>) and red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), serve as definitive hosts for <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em>, a parasitic nematode causing the heartworm disease. Understanding infection risks in wildlife reservoirs in relation to environmental factors is crucial for assessing exposure risk in domestic dogs. The regional prevalence of <em>D. immitis</em> infection was estimated in trapped wild coyotes and red foxes across Québec, Canada. Spatial clusters of infection were detected using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics. A series of logistic regression models predicting the <em>D</em>. <em>immitis</em> status in coyotes were built from heartworm development unit (HDU) estimates and cumulative precipitation variables over various time periods. Between October 2020 and March 2021, 421 coyotes and 284 red foxes were examined for the presence of <em>D. immitis</em>. The parasite was found in 43 coyotes and 1 red fox. A high-risk infection cluster was detected in coyotes in southwestern Québec. The best model included as sole predictor the average cumulative HDU contributing to risk of <em>D. immitis</em> in the three years preceding coyote capture. This model significantly predicted infection status with an area under the curve of 76.1%. The cumulative precipitation had no notable effect in any model. This study highlights a high prevalence of <em>D. immitis</em> in coyotes in Québec with regional differences correlated to temperature-derived predictors. The spatial risk of infection in this population likely represents the environmental risk of exposure to the parasite given that coyotes do not receive preventive treatment compared to domestic dogs. Our findings are important for veterinarians in the application of prevention strategies for heartworm disease in domestic dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000841/pdfft?md5=0443b21afe31873bacb574502ee208a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000841-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}