Gastroenterology Report最新文献

{"title":"Primary closure for pancreatic duct after stenting assisted by multiple endoscopes can be a new surgical method for the treatment of main pancreatic duct stones associated with pancreatic duct dilation.","authors":"Dongyao Xu, Linpei Wang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"12 ","pages":"goae041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11060864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal microbiota-directed nutritional and therapeutic interventions for inflammatory bowel disease: opportunities and challenges","authors":"Devendra Paudel, Divek V T Nair, Grace Joseph, Rita Castro, Amit K Tiwari, Vishal Singh","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae033","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence-based research has confirmed the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in regulating intestinal inflammation. These data have generated interest in developing microbiota-based therapies for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite in-depth understanding of the etiology of IBD, it currently lacks a cure and requires ongoing management. Accumulating data suggest that an aberrant gastrointestinal microbiome, often referred to as dysbiosis, is a significant environmental instigator of IBD. Novel microbiome-targeted interventions including prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, and small molecule microbiome modulators are being evaluated as therapeutic interventions to attenuate intestinal inflammation by restoring a healthy microbiota composition and function. In this review, the effectiveness and challenges of microbiome-centered interventions that have the potential to alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve clinical outcomes of IBD are explored.","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy: current and the future","authors":"Dan Liu, Jiyu Zhang, Bingrong Liu","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae037","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an overview of endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT), an innovative and minimally invasive treatment for appendicitis with an appendix-preserving manner. Since its initial application in 2009, ERAT has gained significant popularity in China, due to its rapid recovery and minimal risk of complications. The ERAT procedures comprise several steps, including appendiceal orifice access and intubation, appendiceal lumen imaging, decompression and irrigation, fecalith removal, and stenting. ERAT has been used in various forms of complicated appendicitis, such as in pregnant women and children, with continuous improvements in both technique and safety. It has the potential to become the preferred diagnostic and treatment method for appendicitis. Until 2023, over 10,000 ERAT procedures have been successfully conducted in China, and the technique has gained more attention worldwide. However, challenges remain, including training, standardization of ERAT practice, research and technology improvement, enhancing public awareness, and fostering international collaboration. In summary, ERAT can be the standard treatment for appendicitis treatment, which represents a paradigm shift in the conventional clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celiac artery mesenteric fat measurement with endosonography (CAMEUS) reliably correlates with obesity and related comorbidities","authors":"Fateh Bazerbachi, Serge Baroud, Michael J Levy, Daniel B Maselli, Eric J Vargas, Aliana Bofill-Garcia, Ryan J Law, Vinay Chandrasekhara, Andrew C Storm, Ferga C Gleeson, Elizabeth Rajan, Prasad G Iyer, Kymberly D Watt, Barham K Abu Dayyeh","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae039","url":null,"abstract":"Background Visceral fat represents a metabolically active entity linked to adverse metabolic sequelae of obesity. We aimed to determine if celiac artery mesenteric fat thickness can be reliably measured during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and if these measurements correlate with metabolic disease burden. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent celiac artery mesenteric fat measurement with endosonography (CAMEUS) measurement at a tertiary referral center, and a validation prospective trial of patients with obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis who received paired EUS exams with CAMEUS measurement before and after six months of treatment with an intragastric balloon. Results CAMEUS was measured in 154 patients [56.5% females, mean age 56.5 ± 18.0 years, body mass index (BMI) 29.8 ± 8.0 kg/m2] and was estimated at 14.7 ± 6.5 mm. CAMEUS better correlated with the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (R2 = 0.248, P < 0.001) than BMI (R2 = 0.153, P < 0.001), and significantly correlated with metabolic parameters and diseases. After six months of intragastric balloon placement, the prospective cohort experienced 11.7% total body weight loss, 1.3 points improvement in hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.001), and a 29.4% average decrease in CAMEUS (−6.4 ± 5.2 mm, P < 0.001). CAMEUS correlated with improvements in weight (R2 = 0.368), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (R2 = 0.138), and NAFLD activity score (R2 = 0.156) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions CAMEUS is a novel measure that is significantly correlated with critical metabolic indices and can be easily captured during routine EUS to risk-stratify susceptible patients. This station could allow for EUS access to sampling and therapeutics of this metabolic region.","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in pharmacological treatment of NAFLD/MASLD: a focus on metabolic and liver-targeted interventions.","authors":"Stefano Ciardullo, Emanuele Muraca, Michela Vergani, Pietro Invernizzi, Gianluca Perseghin","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present narrative review, we have summarized evidence on the pharmacological treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We start by reviewing the epidemiology of the condition and its close association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We then discuss how randomized-controlled trials are performed following guidance from regulatory agencies, including differences and similarities between requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency. Difficulties and hurdles related to limitations of liver biopsy, a large number of screening failures in recruiting patients, as well as unpredictable response rates in the placebo group are evaluated. Finally, we recapitulate the strategies employed for potential drug treatments of this orphan condition. The first is to repurpose drugs that originally targeted T2DM and/or obesity, such as pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (liraglutide and semaglutide), multi-agonists (tirzepatide and retatrutide), and sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors. The second is to develop drugs specifically targeting NAFLD/MASLD. Among those, we focused on resmetirom, fibroblast growth factor 21 analogs, and lanifibranor, as they are currently in Phase 3 of their clinical trial development. While many failures have characterized the field of pharmacological treatment of NAFLD/MASLD in the past, it is likely that approval of the first treatments is near. As occurs in many chronic conditions, combination therapy might lead to better outcomes. In the case of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, we speculate that drugs treating underlying metabolic co-morbidities might play a bigger role in the earlier stages of disease, while liver-targeting molecules will become vital in patients with more advanced disease in terms of inflammation and fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"12 ","pages":"goae029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11052658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel <i>ABCB11</i> variant in compound heterozygosity: BRIC2 or PFIC2?","authors":"Marco Biolato, Rosy Terranova, Nicholas Viceconti, Giuseppe Marrone, Luca Miele, Maria Cristina Giustiniani, Paola Francalanci, Annalisa Gazzellone, Alessia Bauleo, Elena Falcone, Maurizio Genuardi, Antonio Grieco","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"12 ","pages":"goae022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11045280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texture analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps: can it identify nonresponse to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for additional radiation therapy in rectal cancer patients?","authors":"Qianyu Wu, Yongju Yi, Bingjia Lai, Jiao Li, Yanbang Lian, Junhong Chen, Yue Wu, Xinhua Wang, Wuteng Cao","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae035","url":null,"abstract":"Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) alone can achieve comparable treatment outcomes to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. This study aimed to investigate the value of texture analysis (TA) in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for identifying non-responders to NCT. Methods This retrospective study included patients with LARC after NCT, and they were categorized into nonresponse group (pTRG 3) and response group (pTRG 0–2) based on pathological tumor regression grade (pTRG). Predictive texture features were extracted from pre- and post-treatment ADC maps to construct a TA model using RandomForest. The ADC model was developed by manually measuring pre- and post-treatment ADC values and calculating their changes. Simultaneously, subjective evaluations based on magnetic resonance imaging assessment of TRG were performed by two experienced radiologists. Model performance was compared using the area under the curve (AUC) and DeLong test. Results A total of 299 patients from two centers were divided into three cohorts: the primary cohort (center A; n = 194, with 36 non-responders and 158 responders), the internal validation cohort (center A; n = 49, with 9 non-responders) and external validation cohort (center B; n = 56, with 33 non-responders). The TA model was constructed by post_mean, mean_change, post_skewness, post_entropy, and entropy_change, which outperformed both the ADC model and subjective evaluations with an impressive AUC of 0.997 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.975–1.000) in the primary cohort. Robust performances were observed in internal and external validation cohorts, with AUCs of 0.919 (95% CI, 0.805–0.978) and 0.938 (95% CI, 0.840–0.985), respectively. Conclusions The TA model has the potential to serve as an imaging biomarker for identifying nonresponse to NCT in LARC patients, providing a valuable reference for these patients considering additional radiation therapy.","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: category and evaluation indexes","authors":"Changlin Wen, Dan Chen, Rao Zhong, Xi Peng","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae021","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research often relies on animal models to study the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of IBD. Among these models, rats and mice are frequently employed due to their practicality and genetic manipulability. However, for studies aiming to closely mimic human pathology, non-human primates such as monkeys and dogs offer valuable physiological parallels. Guinea pigs, while less commonly used, present unique advantages for investigating the intricate interplay between neurological and immunological factors in IBD. Additionally, New Zealand rabbits excel in endoscopic biopsy techniques, providing insights into mucosal inflammation and healing processes. Pigs, with their physiological similarities to humans, serve as ideal models for exploring the complex relationships between nutrition, metabolism, and immunity in IBD. Beyond mammals, non-mammalian organisms including zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster, and nematodes offer specialized insights into specific aspects of IBD pathology, highlighting the diverse array of model systems available for advancing our understanding of this multifaceted disease. In this review, we conduct a thorough analysis of various animal models employed in IBD research, detailing their applications and essential experimental parameters. These include clinical observation, Disease Activity Index score, pathological assessment, intestinal barrier integrity, fibrosis, inflammatory markers, intestinal microbiome, and other critical parameters that are crucial for evaluating modeling success and drug efficacy in experimental mammalian studies. Overall, this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of IBD, offering insights into the diverse array of animal models available and their respective applications in studying IBD.","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140616600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instant duodenal decompression after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can effectively reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.","authors":"Yu-Zhen Bi, Si-Jia Yan, Li-Min Zhou, Yan Sun, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goae025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is significantly influenced by the reflux of duodenal fluid. While gastrointestinal decompression represents a fundamental approach in acute pancreatitis management, the effectiveness of immediate duodenal decompression following ERCP to prevent PEP remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of immediate duodenal decompression after ERCP on reducing the incidence of hyperamylasemia and PEP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study encompassed patients with native papilla who underwent therapeutic ERCP for choledocholithiasis at the Department of Gastroenterology, Chun'an Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Zhejiang, China) between January 2020 and June 2023. Based on the immediate placement of a duodenal decompression tube post-ERCP, patients were categorized into two groups: the duodenal decompression group and the conventional procedure group. Primary outcomes included the incidence of PEP and hyperamylasemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 195 patients were enrolled (94 in the duodenal decompression group and 101 in the conventional procedure group). Baseline clinical and procedural characteristics exhibited no significant differences between the two groups. PEP occurred in 2 patients (2.1%) in the duodenal decompression group, in contrast to 11 patients (10.9%) in the conventional procedure group (Risk difference [RD] 8.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7%-16.5%, <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.014). Hyperamylasemia was observed in 8 patients (8.5%) in the duodenal decompression group, compared to 20 patients (19.8%) in the conventional procedure group (RD 11.3%; 95% CI 1.4%-21.0%; <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.025). Patients with PEP in both groups showed improvement after receiving active treatment. No severe cases of PEP occurred in either group, and no serious adverse events related to duodenal catheter decompression were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immediate duodenal decompression following ERCP demonstrates an effective reduction in the incidence of hyperamylasemia and PEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"12 ","pages":"goae025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10997411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated gastrointestinal histoplasmosis with a negative urine antigen test mimicking ulcerative colitis flare: a case report.","authors":"Jianyi Yin, Neeraja Balachandar, Dipti Karamchandani, Roopa Vemulapalli, David I Fudman","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goae013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goae013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"12 ","pages":"goae013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}