Gastroenterology Report最新文献

{"title":"Comparative performance of the GAAD and ASAP scores in predicting early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Chongkonrat Maneenil, Pimsiri Sripongpun, Naichaya Chamroonkul, Piraya Tantisaranon, Roongrueng Jarumanokul, Maseetoh Samaeng, Yupawadee Yamsuwan, Lalita Fonghoi, Amornkan Numit, Teerha Piratvisuth, Apichat Kaewdech","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gender, age, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (GAAD) score is a recent predictive tool for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but lacks comparison with the AFP, Sex, Age, and Protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (ASAP) score, which uses similar parameters with different assays and formulas. Our study aimed to evaluate the performance differences between these two scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from 622 patients with chronic liver diseases at Songklanagarind Hospital between 20 April 2023 and 31 December 2023 were analyzed. The cutoffs for the ASAP and GAAD scores were established as 0.526 and 2.570, respectively, and HCC diagnoses followed the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) or the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCC diagnoses were observed in 28.6% of patients, with 48.3% diagnosed with early-stage diseases (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 = 23, A = 63). Hepatitis B virus infection (40.4%) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (21.3%) were predominant causes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of the ASAP and GAAD scores for predicting all-stage HCC were comparable (0.933 vs 0.937, <i>P </i>= 0.578). For early-stage HCC, AUROCs were 0.880 (ASAP) and 0.891 (GAAD) (<i>P </i>= 0.353). Sensitivity and specificity for predicting all-stage HCC were 83.15% and 91.44% (ASAP), and 82.58% and 89.64% (GAAD), respectively; these values for early-stage HCC were 66.28% and 91.44% (ASAP) and 67.44% and 89.64% (GAAD). Subgroup analyses by cirrhosis and etiology showed no significant differences. New cutoff values of -0.083 (ASAP) and 1.725 (GAAD) were identified for at least 80% sensitivity and specificity for predicting early-stage HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the GAAD and ASAP scores demonstrated excellent and comparable abilities in HCC detection across all stages, unaffected by cirrhosis or etiological differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibiting Rac1 signaling alleviates DSS-induced colitis by improving inflammatory response and intestinal permeability.","authors":"Mei-Hong Lin, Can-Hua Luo, Miao-Miao Ma, Le-Shi Liang, Xing-Feng Deng, Chang-Hui Yu","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to explore the regulation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate1 (Rac1) on the intestinal barrier function in colitis and explore its molecular mechanism of regulation on tight junctions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was used. The diseases activity index (DAI) was calculated daily. Epithelial permeability was measured. Colon sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the histological severity was analysed. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyse the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level of Rac1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1), and occludin in the colon. Western blot was used to detect occludin protein expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Colitis mice showed increased DAI and histological scores, reduced colon length, and impaired epithelial permeability, which were significantly alleviated by the administration of Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. The level of inflammatory genes including interleukin 6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase and NOX1 in the colon tissue were elevated in colitis mice, while the administration of NSC23766 remarkably reduced the expression of these genes. Western blot analysis showed that the occludin protein level was suppressed by DSS, while NSC23766 treatment restored the expression of occludin in DSS mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 attenuates symptoms, colonic inflammation, and intestinal permeability in a DSS-induced colitis model. These effects may be attributed to the suppression of inflammatory responses and DSS-induced damage of intestinal integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with a focus on extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs).","authors":"Fatima Usama, Rohullah Rasikh, Khawaja Hassam, Mansoor Rahman, Fnu Khalil Ur Rehman, Iman Waheed Khan, Daryl T-Y Lau","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) originate from mesenchymal cells and account for ∼1% of primary malignant tumors in the digestive system. They are diagnosed based on characteristic immunohistochemical staining pattern, including CD117 and DOG1, as well as genetic analysis for mutations in the KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α genes. Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) share very similar morphology with GISTs but arise outside the gastrointestinal tract. The most common locations for EGISTs are the omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum, and pancreas, followed by the liver, vagina, and prostate. The mean age of presentation of these tumors is in the sixth decade of life and tumor dimensions at different locations typically range from 7 to 15.8 cm. Most of these tumors are unifocal and of the spindle cell type. GISTs generally have a better prognosis than EGISTs, with cumulative 5-year survival rates of 85% for GISTs and 38%-60.9% for EGISTs. Among EGISTs, omental tumors have higher overall survival than mesenteric or retroperitoneal tumors. Additionally, age of >60 years, male sex, larger tumor size, higher mitotic rate, and nuclear pleomorphism are associated with worse prognosis in EGISTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper gastrointestinal bleeding after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Mallory-Weiss syndrome with marginal ulcer.","authors":"Yiqiao Zhang, Shibo Bian, Mengyi Li, Meng Zhang, Peng Zhang, Yang Liu, Zhongtao Zhang","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary small cell-like hepatocellular carcinoma arising in a patient with fatty liver disease without cirrhosis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Hyun Bin Choi, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Susie Chin, Sang Gyune Kim, Young-Seok Kim","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appendicitis burden, trends, and inequalities in Europe, 1990-2019: a population-based study.","authors":"Jun He, Meng-Dan Zhou, Yi-Dian Lei, Rong-Chao He, Zhong Shen, Xiu-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Appendicitis imposes a substantial healthcare burden globally, yet comprehensive insights into its disease burden in Europe remain limited. This study assesses regional trends, disparities and high-burden countries for appendicitis in Europe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on appendicitis-related incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Joinpoint regression analyzed temporal trends, while health inequality and quadrant analyses identified socio-demographic disparities and priority countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019, Europe's age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for appendicitis was 266.47 per 100,000, exceeding the global average (229.86 per 100,000). However, Europe's age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate were lower than the global averages. From 1990 to 2019, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for the ASIR was 0.50%, whereas the AAPCs for the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate were -3.02% and -2.20%, respectively. Finland was the sole exception, showing a reduced ASIR (AAPC: -0.20%). Health inequality analysis revealed that the burden of DALYs disproportionately affected less developed European nations. However, there was a notable improvement over the past three decades. The slope index of inequality decreased from -7.32 DALYs per 100,000 in 1990 to -1.02 DALYs per 100,000 in 2019, and the relative concentration index fell from -11.04 to -2.58 during the same period. Among the 43 countries, Bulgaria and Austria had the highest 2019 DALY burdens.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Appendicitis persists as a critical public health challenge in Europe, necessitating targeted resource allocation and policy interventions in high-burden countries to address persistent health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathologic features and molecular profiling of indolent NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.","authors":"Lin Wang, Ziqing Ye, Hailin Wu, Ye Zhang, Zifei Tang, Xiaolan Lu, Shijian Miao, Hua Sun, Jie Wu, Zhinong Jiang, Ying Huang","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the clinical value of anterior peritoneal reflection for the management of rectal cancer.","authors":"Huaqing Zhang, Guole Lin, Bin Wu, Huizhong Qiu, Junyang Lu, Xiyu Sun, Beizhan Niu, Lai Xu, Guannan Zhang, Zhen Sun, Kexuan Li, Yi Xiao","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor location affects rectal cancer management, but no consensus exists on criteria. The anterior peritoneal reflection (aPR), an anatomical landmark, shows potential for defining tumor location but requires clinical validation. This study evaluated the utility of aPR in guiding neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) decisions and predicting lateral lymph node (LLN)/distant metastasis patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort analyzed data from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China) between January 2016 and August 2022. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured aPR parameters were pathologically validated. Patients were stratified by aPR-based definition and tumor height (10 cm). Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and Cox regression were used for prognostic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 588 patients (439 tumors ≥5 cm from the anal verge), MRI identified aPR with an accuracy of 95.4%. For tumors ≥5 cm, aPR-defined middle-to-low rectal cancer showed lower 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate than the upper rectal cancer (<i>P </i>= 0.010), while their 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were comparable. Conversely, 10-cm-defined classification showed no DFS or OS differences (both <i>P </i>> 0.2). Cox regression confirmed aPR-defined classification as an independent DFS predictor (HR = 3.19, <i>P </i>= 0.014), while 10-cm classification was non-predictive. nCRT with tumor regression grade (TRG) 0-1 trended toward improved DFS compared with direct surgery (HR = 0.56, <i>P </i>= 0.072). The independent protective effect of nCRT with TRG 0-1 for DFS was exclusive to the aPR-defined middle-to-low rectal cancer subgroup (HR = 0.45, <i>P </i>= 0.026) and not observed in the 10-cm subgroup. aPR-defined classification was independently associated with LLNs on MRI and postoperative pulmonary metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>aPR may guide nCRT decision-making and predict LLN metastasis and postoperative distant organ metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological classification of chronic radiation-induced intestinal injury and its clinical implications.","authors":"Yi-Ting Wang, Ya-Xi Zhu, Rui-Yan Huang, Yan Huang, Xiang-Bo Wan, Xiao-Yan Huang, Qing-Hua Zhong, Qi-Yuan Qin, Yun-Long Wang, Teng-Hui Ma, Xin-Juan Fan","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic radiation-induced intestinal injury (CRIII) is the most prevalent condition following radiation therapy in patients with pelvic malignancies. More than 15% of patients with severe CRIII require surgery. The histopathological features and their interactions with clinical presentation and outcomes remain largely unknown. The present study proposed a new pathological categorization of CRIII and investigated its relationship with clinical manifestations and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 111 patients with CRIII who were treated at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) between January 2011 and December 2021. The features of ulcers, collagen fibers, and neoangiogenesis were measured via microscopic scoring, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry for CD34. The K-means method was used for cluster analysis based on these three data groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to examine the incidence-time curves of severe complications, including intestinal fistula, intestinal obstruction, and anemia, as endpoint events. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four pathological CRIII subtypes were identified: mixed (48.7%), fibrosis (17.1%), telangiectasia (16.2%), and ulcers (18.0%). Patients with the ulcer subtype had a significant probability of developing a recto-intestinal fistula (<i>P </i>= 0.047) and a pathological pattern of deep serosal ulcers, which manifested as fistulas and thrombosis (75%, 15/20). Patients with the telangiectasia subtype consistently exhibited anemia (<i>P </i>= 0.002) and displayed significant arterial dilatation (72.2%, 13/18). Intestinal obstruction occurred more frequently in the fibrosis subtype due to a severe fibrotic pattern (31.6%, 6/19) and sclerotic collagen (57.9%, 11/19) (<i>P </i>= 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We proposed a new pathological classification for CRIII that better associates with clinical presentations and consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tricky acute mesenteric ischemia: what can we do?","authors":"Xinye Cui, Yu Chen, Guoxin Guan, Fuwen Luo, Zhongtao Zhang","doi":"10.1093/gastro/goaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gastro/goaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening vascular disorder that demands greater clinical and research attention due to its significant morbidity and mortality risks. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for AMI in patients presenting with severe abdominal pain disproportionate to physical findings, particularly those with atrial fibrillation or recent vasoconstrictor use. In such cases, prompt computed tomography angiography is recommended as the initial diagnostic modality, given its high sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and favorable safety profile. Multi-disciplinary treatment plays a critical role in elucidating disease etiology and guiding therapeutic decision-making. For confirmed cases of intestinal necrosis, open surgical intervention remains the gold standard. Laparoscopic exploration offers a minimally invasive alternative for assessing bowel viability while reducing unnecessary surgical trauma in equivocal presentations. In the pre-necrotic phase of intestinal ischemia, emerging endovascular therapies demonstrate increasing promise due to their minimally invasive nature and improved clinical outcomes, warranting further investigation. Continuous clinical vigilance is essential throughout management. Persistent abdominal pain or signs of peritonitis may indicate disease progression, necessitating urgent reassessment for possible ischemic necrosis and therapeutic strategy adjustments. This review synthesizes current evidence by examining AMI pathophysiology, anatomical considerations, risk factors, and diagnostic-therapeutic advancements, with an emphasis on optimizing clinical decision-making in this critical condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":54275,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Report","volume":"13 ","pages":"goaf067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}