Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance","authors":"Marek Mejstřík ,&nbsp;Martin Svátek ,&nbsp;Martina Pollastrini ,&nbsp;Martin Šrámek ,&nbsp;Radim Matula","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development, which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and diversity. Regenerating trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting ability. Although both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance, they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional differences. However, the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies, and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly understood. To address these research gaps, we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass (AGB) productivity in early-stage forest development. Data were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic, where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual (uncut) trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per hectare. All trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then, either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree, remeasured 11 years later. In addition, all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging, and their origin (sprout or seed) was identified. To assess abundances and productivity, we estimated AGB of all 2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative (i.e., seed origin) individuals of 16 woody species, using allometric equations. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual trees. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species composition. AGB and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed regeneration. Sprouts formed on average 97.1% of the total regeneration AGB in Hády and 98.6% in Soběšice. The average species richness of sprouts was 4.7 in Hády and 2.2 in Soběšice, while the species richness of seed regeneration averaged 2.1 and 1.1 in Hády and Soběšice, respectively. Increasing density of residual trees reduced AGB and diversity of both sprouts and seed regeneration, but seed regeneration was affected to a greater extent. Residual trees had an especially strong inhibitory effect on the establishment of seed regeneration. Consequently, seed-originated saplings were nearly absent in plots with high residual tree density, and abundant sprouts accounted for most of the AGB and diversity. However, unlike sprouts whose species composition resembled that of the original stand, seed regeneration brought in new species, enriching the stand's overall species pool and beta diversity. Our results demonstrated differential roles of sprout and seed regeneration in the early stage of ","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000344/pdfft?md5=fb24fbd57356ddd5891af6f90b6ed10e&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000344-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning","authors":"Mengxi Wang ,&nbsp;Lander Baeten ,&nbsp;Frieke Van Coillie ,&nbsp;Kim Calders ,&nbsp;Kris Verheyen ,&nbsp;Quentin Ponette ,&nbsp;Haben Blondeel ,&nbsp;Bart Muys ,&nbsp;John Armston ,&nbsp;Hans Verbeeck","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics, such as biodiversity, habitat, and productivity. Mixing tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree species. However, the relative importance of species richness, species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear, mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in detail. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), however, allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented way. Therefore, we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a large-scale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest structure. These plots were 9–11 years old young pure and mixed forests, characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures, across twenty composition levels. We generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural variables. Linear mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural variables. Employing a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework, we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural variables. Our results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables, except for canopy height and foliage height diversity. Species identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all sites. Species interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools, and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these interactions. Overall, our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity and interaction effects in choosing suitable species combinations for forest management practices aimed at enhancing vertical forest structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000320/pdfft?md5=62552f7a37d0a41b9330dc9b6c14ab7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests","authors":"Ewa Błońska,&nbsp;Adam Górski,&nbsp;Jarosław Lasota","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other components. The aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest stands. The research was carried out in the Babiogórski National Park. The research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands, which were formed as a result of bark beetle gradation. Control plots were located in undisturbed stands. The research covered wood of two species – spruce and beech in the form of cubes with dimensions of 50 ​mm × ​50 ​mm × ​22 ​mm. Wood samples were placed directly on the soil surface and subjected to laboratory analysis after 36 months. A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was found. Wood characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture. A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots, which were characterized by more stable moisture conditions. Poorer decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower moisture. The wood species covered by the study differed in the decomposition rate. Spruce wood samples were characterized by a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to beech wood samples. Our research has confirmed that disturbances that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000319/pdfft?md5=bc240919db795246284849359df58520&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000319-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention of harvest residues promotes the accumulation of topsoil organic carbon by increasing particulate organic carbon in a Chinese fir plantation","authors":"Jiamin Yang ,&nbsp;Ke Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Guan ,&nbsp;Weidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Renshan Li ,&nbsp;Longchi Chen ,&nbsp;Silong Wang ,&nbsp;Qingpeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As commonly used harvest residue management practices in subtropical plantations, stem only harvesting (SOH) and whole tree harvesting (WTH) are expected to affect soil organic carbon (SOC) content. However, knowledge on how SOC and its fractions (POC: particulate organic carbon; MAOC: mineral-associated organic carbon) respond to different harvest residue managements is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, a randomized block experiment containing SOH and WTH was conducted in a Chinese fir (<em>Cunninghamia lanceolata</em>) plantation. The effect of harvest residue management on SOC and its fractions in topsoil (0–10 ​cm) and subsoil (20–40 ​cm) was determined. Plant inputs (harvest residue retaining mass and fine root biomass) and microbial and mineral properties were also measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The responses of SOC and its fractions to different harvest residue managements varied with soil depth. Specifically, SOH enhanced the content of SOC and POC in topsoil with increases of 15.9% and 29.8%, respectively, compared with WTH. However, SOH had no significant effects on MAOC in topsoil and SOC and its fractions in subsoil. These results indicated that the increase in POC induced by the retention of harvest residue was the primary contributor to SOC accumulation, especially in topsoil. The harvest residue managements affected SOC and its fractions through different pathways in topsoil and subsoil. The plant inputs (the increase in fine root biomass induced by SOH) exerted a principal role in the SOC accumulation in topsoil, whereas mineral and microbial properties played a more important role in regulating SOC dynamics than plants inputs in subsoil.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The retention of harvest residues can promote SOC accumulation by increasing POC, and is thus suggested as an effective technology to enhance the soil carbon sink for mitigating climate change in plantation management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000654/pdfft?md5=177342374c3e74a1eadd7539b810b7e6&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000654-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The control of external and internal canopy structural heterogeneity on diversity and productivity relationship in a subtropical forest","authors":"Yaozhan Xu ,&nbsp;Han Y.H. Chen ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Qiao ,&nbsp;Yani Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingxi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest canopy structure is closely related to species diversity, crown packing efficiency, and ecological processes, while influencing ecosystem functions. However, most existing structural diversity indices only consider internal heterogeneity within the canopy but often neglect the heterogeneity of the external canopy. While, the external canopy heterogeneity can increase the exchange surface area between canopy and external atmosphere, capture more light, which is closely linked to tree growth and ecosystem functions. Comprehensively and accurately estimating canopy structural diversity is crucial in understanding the underlying mechanisms of productivity change. Therefore, in this study, we apply a topographic index – canopy surface rugosity (CSR) – to capture canopy external heterogeneity, and use crown complementary index (CCI) and other canopy structural variables to quantify canopy internal heterogeneity. We find that CSR varies significantly among quadrats (20 ​m ​× ​20 ​m) and it decreases with species diversity and wood net primary productivity (NPP_wood). Species diversity increases NPP_wood directly and indirectly through CSR and CCI. Functional diversity increases NPP_wood through CSR and CCI. Community weighted mean of light demand decreases with NPP_wood through CCI. The mediating effect of CSR on the relationship between species (functional) diversity and NPP_wood is greater than the mediating effect of CCI. We find soil fertility positive effects on NPP_wood mainly through species richness and CSR. Conversely, water availability affects NPP_wood by a direct positive effect and indirect negative effects through species richness, CSR and CCI. Overall, our CSR and CCI provide strong support for a space-based niche partitioning mechanism regulating the relationship between species diversity and NPP_wood. Additionally, CSR is sensitive to gap dynamics, suggesting mechanistic relationships between local disturbance, species diversity, and NPP_wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000824/pdfft?md5=6f263c874cc35b2700fffcfbc395ee77&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000824-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root overlap and allocation of above- and belowground growth of European beech in pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir and Norway spruce","authors":"Amani S. Lwila ,&nbsp;Christian Ammer ,&nbsp;Oliver Gailing ,&nbsp;Ludger Leinemann ,&nbsp;Martina Mund","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Site conditions and species identity have a combined effect on fine root growth of trees in pure and mixed stands. However, mechanisms that may contribute to this effect are rarely studied, even though they are essential to assess the potential of species to cope with climate change. This study examined fine root overlap and the linkage between fine root and stem growth of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) growing in pure and mixed stands with Douglas fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>) or Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) at two different study sites in northwestern Germany.</p><p>The study sites represented substantially different soil and climate conditions. At each site, three stands, and at each stand, three pairs of trees were studied. In the pure beech stand, the pairs consisted of two beech trees, while in the mixed stands each pair was composed of a beech tree and a conifer. Between each pair, three evenly spaced soil cores were taken monthly throughout the growing season. In the pure beech stands, microsatellite markers were used to assign the fine roots to individual trees. Changes in stem diameter of beech were quantified and then upscaled to aboveground wood productivity with automatic high-resolution circumference dendrometers.</p><p>We found that fine root overlap between neighboring trees varied independently of the distance between the paired trees or the stand types (pure versus mixed stands), indicating that there was no territorial competition. Aboveground wood productivity (wood NPP) and fine root productivity (root NPP) showed similar unimodal seasonal patterns, peaking in June. However, this pattern was more distinct for root NPP, and root NPP started earlier and lasted longer than wood NPP. The influence of site conditions on the variation in wood and root NPP of beech was stronger than that of stand type. Wood NPP was, as expected, higher at the richer site than at the poorer site. In contrast, root NPP was higher at the poorer than at the richer site.</p><p>We concluded that beech can respond to limited resources not only above- but also belowground and that the negative relationship between above- and belowground growth across the study sites suggests an ‘optimal partitioning’ of growth under stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000538/pdfft?md5=76c987e312ae18c3d30bae356d235762&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000538-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree mycorrhizal associations determine how biodiversity, large trees, and environmental factors drive aboveground carbon stock in temperate forests","authors":"Yue Chen ,&nbsp;Zikun Mao ,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Myers ,&nbsp;Jinghua Yu ,&nbsp;Xugao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiversity, large trees, and environmental conditions such as climate and soil have important effects on forest carbon stocks. However, recent studies in temperate forests suggest that the relative importance of these factors depends on tree mycorrhizal associations, whereby large-tree effects may be driven by ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees, diversity effects may be driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, and environment effects may depend on differential climate and soil preferences of AM and EM trees. To test this hypothesis, we used forest-inventory data consisting of over 80,000 trees from 631 temperate-forest plots (30 m ​× ​30 ​m) across Northeast China to examine how biodiversity (species diversity and ecological uniqueness), large trees (top 1% of tree diameters), and environmental factors (climate and soil nutrients) differently regulate aboveground carbon stocks of AM trees, EM trees, and AM and EM trees combined (i.e. total aboveground carbon stock). We found that large trees had a positive effect on both AM and EM tree carbon stocks. However, biodiversity and environmental factors had opposite effects on AM vs. EM tree carbon stocks. Specifically, the two components of biodiversity had positive effects on AM tree carbon stocks, but negative effects on EM tree carbon stocks. Environmental heterogeneity (mean annual temperature and soil nutrients) also exhibited contrasting effects on AM and EM tree carbon stocks. Consequently, for the total carbon stock, the positive large-tree effect far surpasses the diversity and environment effect. This is mainly because when integrating AM and EM tree carbon stock into total carbon stock, the opposite diversity-effect (also environment-effect) on AM vs. EM tree carbon stock counteracts each other while the consistent positive large-tree effect on AM and EM tree carbon stock is amplified. In summary, this study emphasized a mycorrhizal viewpoint to better understand the determinants of overarching aboveground carbon profile across regional forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000411/pdfft?md5=349f3edcad5d7d48f4496576cadd177c&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000411-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling analysis embodies drastic transition among global potential natural vegetations in face of changing climate","authors":"Zhengchao Ren ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Fang Yin ,&nbsp;Xiaoni Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Potential natural vegetation (PNV) is a valuable reference for ecosystem renovation and has garnered increasing attention worldwide. However, there is limited knowledge on the spatio-temporal distributions, transitional processes, and underlying mechanisms of global natural vegetation, particularly in the case of ongoing climate warming. In this study, we visualize the spatio-temporal pattern and inter-transition procedure of global PNV, analyse the shifting distances and directions of global PNV under the influence of climatic disturbance, and explore the mechanisms of global PNV in response to temperature and precipitation fluctuations. To achieve this, we utilize meteorological data, mainly temperature and precipitation, from six phases: the Last Inter-Glacial (LIG), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Mid Holocene (MH), the Present Day (PD), 2030 (2021–2040) and 2090 (2081–2100), and employ a widely-accepted comprehensive and sequential classification system (CSCS) for global PNV classification. We find that the spatial patterns of five PNV groups (forest, shrubland, savanna, grassland and tundra) generally align with their respective ecotopes, although their distributions have shifted due to fluctuating temperature and precipitation. Notably, we observe an unexpected transition between tundra and savanna despite their geographical distance. The shifts in distance and direction of five PNV groups are mainly driven by temperature and precipitation, although there is heterogeneity among these shifts for each group. Indeed, the heterogeneity observed among different global PNV groups suggests that they may possess varying capacities to adjust to and withstand the impacts of changing climate. The spatio-temporal distributions, mutual transitions and shift tendencies of global PNV and its underlying mechanism in face of changing climate, as revealed in this study, can significantly contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating warming and promoting re-vegetation in degraded regions worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000162/pdfft?md5=410f3a31692ea764100dcf8a5cdcbb8d&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140162591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aboveground carbon sequestration of Cunninghamia lanceolata forests: Magnitude and drivers","authors":"Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Shuguang Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Smith ,&nbsp;Ying Ning ,&nbsp;Deming Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the spatial variation, temporal changes, and their underlying driving forces of carbon sequestration in various forests is of great importance for understanding the carbon cycle and carbon management options. How carbon density and sequestration in various <em>Cunninghamia lanceolata</em> forests, extensively cultivated for timber production in subtropical China, vary with biodiversity, forest structure, environment, and cultural factors remain poorly explored, presenting a critical knowledge gap for realizing carbon sequestration supply potential through management. Based on a large-scale database of 449 permanent forest inventory plots, we quantified the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of aboveground carbon densities and carbon accumulation rates in <em>Cunninghamia lanceolate</em> forests in Hunan Province, China, and attributed the contributions of stand structure, environmental, and management factors to the heterogeneity using quantile age-sequence analysis, partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM), and hot-spot analysis. The results showed lower values of carbon density and sequestration on average, in comparison with other forests in the same climate zone (i.e., subtropics), with pronounced spatial and temporal variability. Specifically, quantile regression analysis using carbon accumulation rates along an age sequence showed large differences in carbon sequestration rates among underperformed and outperformed forests (0.50 and 1.80 ​Mg⋅​ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹). PLS-PM demonstrated that maximum DBH and stand density were the main crucial drivers of aboveground carbon density from young to mature forests. Furthermore, species diversity and geo-topographic factors were the significant factors causing the large discrepancy in aboveground carbon density change between low- and high-carbon-bearing forests. Hotspot analysis revealed the importance of culture attributes in shaping the geospatial patterns of carbon sequestration. Our work highlighted that retaining large-sized DBH trees and increasing shade-tolerant tree species were important to enhance carbon sequestration in <em>C. lanceolate</em> forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000010/pdfft?md5=8270a5a0778c4584386a23958c406575&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The storage and utilization of carbohydrates in response to elevation mediated by tree organs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests","authors":"Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Xueli Jiang ,&nbsp;Yingying Zong ,&nbsp;G. Geoff Wang ,&nbsp;Fusheng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiangmin Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global climate change can affect tree growth and carbon sink function by influencing plant carbohydrate synthesis and utilization, while elevation can be used as an ideal setting under natural conditions to simulate climate change effects. The effect of elevation on tree growth may depend on organ type. However, the allocation patterns of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates (NSCs and SCs, respectively) in different tree organs and their response to elevation remain unclear. We selected four dominant tree species, <em>Schima superba</em>, <em>Castanopsis eyrei</em>, <em>Castanopsis fargesii</em> and <em>Michelia maudiae</em>, along an elevation gradient from 609 to 1,207 ​m in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and analyzed leaf, trunk, and fine root NSCs, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and the relative abundance of SCs. Leaf NSCs increased initially and then decreased, and trunk NSCs increased with increasing elevation. However, root NSCs decreased with increasing elevation. The relative abundance of SCs in leaves and trunks decreased, while the relative abundance of root SCs increased with increasing elevation. No significant correlations between SCs and NSCs in leaves were detected, while there were negative correlations between SCs and NSCs in trunks, roots, and all organs. Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that plant C/N and C/P were the main predictors of changes in SCs and NSCs. Our results suggest that tree organs have divergent responses to elevation and that increasing elevation will inhibit the aboveground part growth and enhance the root growth of trees. A tradeoff between the C distribution used for growth and storage was confirmed along the elevation gradient, which is mainly manifested in the “sink” organs of NSCs. Our results provide insight into tree growth in the context of global climate change scenarios in subtropical forest ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000034/pdfft?md5=8b62209cc6e804a3ae8997c1df8ef7d5&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000034-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}