Forest Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Dominance of rock exposure and soil depth in leaf trait networks outweighs soil quality in karst limestone and dolomite habitats","authors":"Min Jiao,&nbsp;Jiawei Yan,&nbsp;Ying Zhao,&nbsp;Tingting Xia,&nbsp;Kaiping Shen,&nbsp;Yuejun He","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leaf trait networks (LTNs) visualize the intricate linkages reflecting plant trait-functional coordination. Typical karst vegetation, developed from lithological dolomite and limestone, generally exhibits differential communities, possibly due to habitat rock exposure, soil depth, and soil physicochemical properties variations, leading to a shift from plant trait variation to functional linkages. However, how soil and habitat quality affect the differentiation of leaf trait networks remains unclear. LTNs were constructed for typical dolomite and limestone habitats by analyzing twenty-one woody plant leaf traits across fifty-six forest subplots in karst mountains. The differences between dolomite and limestone LTNs were compared using network parameters. The network association of soil and habitat quality was analyzed using redundancy analysis (RDA), Mantle's test, and a random forest model. The limestone LTN exhibited significantly higher edge density with lower diameter and average path length when compared to the dolomite LTN. It indicates LTN differentiation, with the limestone network displaying a more compact architecture and higher connectivity than the dolomite network. The specific leaf phosphorus and leaf nitrogen contents of dolomite LTN, as well as the leaf mass and leaf carbon contents of limestone LTN, significantly contributed to network degree and closeness, serving as crucial node traits regulating LTN connectedness. Additionally, both habitat LTNs significantly correlated with soil nitrogen and phosphorus, stoichiometric ratios, pH, and organic carbon, as well as soil depth and rock exposure rates, with soil depth and rock exposure showing greater relative importance. Soil depth and rock exposure dominate trait network differentiation, with the limestone habitat exhibiting a more compact network architecture than the dolomite habitat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000563/pdfft?md5=e560e171e1ac18d0eddd53f67cca4059&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention of harvest residues promotes the accumulation of topsoil organic carbon by increasing particulate organic carbon in a Chinese fir plantation","authors":"Jiamin Yang ,&nbsp;Ke Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Guan ,&nbsp;Weidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Renshan Li ,&nbsp;Longchi Chen ,&nbsp;Silong Wang ,&nbsp;Qingpeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As commonly used harvest residue management practices in subtropical plantations, stem only harvesting (SOH) and whole tree harvesting (WTH) are expected to affect soil organic carbon (SOC) content. However, knowledge on how SOC and its fractions (POC: particulate organic carbon; MAOC: mineral-associated organic carbon) respond to different harvest residue managements is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, a randomized block experiment containing SOH and WTH was conducted in a Chinese fir (<em>Cunninghamia lanceolata</em>) plantation. The effect of harvest residue management on SOC and its fractions in topsoil (0–10 ​cm) and subsoil (20–40 ​cm) was determined. Plant inputs (harvest residue retaining mass and fine root biomass) and microbial and mineral properties were also measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The responses of SOC and its fractions to different harvest residue managements varied with soil depth. Specifically, SOH enhanced the content of SOC and POC in topsoil with increases of 15.9% and 29.8%, respectively, compared with WTH. However, SOH had no significant effects on MAOC in topsoil and SOC and its fractions in subsoil. These results indicated that the increase in POC induced by the retention of harvest residue was the primary contributor to SOC accumulation, especially in topsoil. The harvest residue managements affected SOC and its fractions through different pathways in topsoil and subsoil. The plant inputs (the increase in fine root biomass induced by SOH) exerted a principal role in the SOC accumulation in topsoil, whereas mineral and microbial properties played a more important role in regulating SOC dynamics than plants inputs in subsoil.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The retention of harvest residues can promote SOC accumulation by increasing POC, and is thus suggested as an effective technology to enhance the soil carbon sink for mitigating climate change in plantation management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000654/pdfft?md5=177342374c3e74a1eadd7539b810b7e6&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000654-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest","authors":"J. Touche ,&nbsp;C. Calvaruso ,&nbsp;P. De Donato ,&nbsp;M.-P. Turpault","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in trees. One possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption, foliar leaching and senesced leaves. However, the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly documented. An experiment in a beech forest in Meuse (France) was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period. The aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for trees. Monitoring nutrient dynamics, including resorption, chemistry of green and senesced leaves, foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years (i.e., with an intense drought event during the growing season). During dry years, we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium (K) partitioning to resorption (i.e. resorption efficiency), thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing season. This result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades, there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees, as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study site. Reduced foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus (P) were also observed. In addition, a slight increase in nitrogen (N) resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree nutrition. The calcium (Ca) negative resorption decreased, with no apparent consequence in our study site. Our results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf pool can be modified by drought events, and may have consequences on tree nutrition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000095/pdfft?md5=31bd134f38e931c749e4c9c8de55bb52&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests","authors":"Ewa Błońska,&nbsp;Adam Górski,&nbsp;Jarosław Lasota","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other components. The aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest stands. The research was carried out in the Babiogórski National Park. The research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands, which were formed as a result of bark beetle gradation. Control plots were located in undisturbed stands. The research covered wood of two species – spruce and beech in the form of cubes with dimensions of 50 ​mm × ​50 ​mm × ​22 ​mm. Wood samples were placed directly on the soil surface and subjected to laboratory analysis after 36 months. A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was found. Wood characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture. A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots, which were characterized by more stable moisture conditions. Poorer decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower moisture. The wood species covered by the study differed in the decomposition rate. Spruce wood samples were characterized by a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to beech wood samples. Our research has confirmed that disturbances that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000319/pdfft?md5=bc240919db795246284849359df58520&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000319-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The control of external and internal canopy structural heterogeneity on diversity and productivity relationship in a subtropical forest","authors":"Yaozhan Xu ,&nbsp;Han Y.H. Chen ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Qiao ,&nbsp;Yani Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingxi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest canopy structure is closely related to species diversity, crown packing efficiency, and ecological processes, while influencing ecosystem functions. However, most existing structural diversity indices only consider internal heterogeneity within the canopy but often neglect the heterogeneity of the external canopy. While, the external canopy heterogeneity can increase the exchange surface area between canopy and external atmosphere, capture more light, which is closely linked to tree growth and ecosystem functions. Comprehensively and accurately estimating canopy structural diversity is crucial in understanding the underlying mechanisms of productivity change. Therefore, in this study, we apply a topographic index – canopy surface rugosity (CSR) – to capture canopy external heterogeneity, and use crown complementary index (CCI) and other canopy structural variables to quantify canopy internal heterogeneity. We find that CSR varies significantly among quadrats (20 ​m ​× ​20 ​m) and it decreases with species diversity and wood net primary productivity (NPP_wood). Species diversity increases NPP_wood directly and indirectly through CSR and CCI. Functional diversity increases NPP_wood through CSR and CCI. Community weighted mean of light demand decreases with NPP_wood through CCI. The mediating effect of CSR on the relationship between species (functional) diversity and NPP_wood is greater than the mediating effect of CCI. We find soil fertility positive effects on NPP_wood mainly through species richness and CSR. Conversely, water availability affects NPP_wood by a direct positive effect and indirect negative effects through species richness, CSR and CCI. Overall, our CSR and CCI provide strong support for a space-based niche partitioning mechanism regulating the relationship between species diversity and NPP_wood. Additionally, CSR is sensitive to gap dynamics, suggesting mechanistic relationships between local disturbance, species diversity, and NPP_wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000824/pdfft?md5=6f263c874cc35b2700fffcfbc395ee77&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000824-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encroachment drives facilitation at alpine shrublines","authors":"Yafeng Wang ,&nbsp;Eryuan Liang ,&nbsp;J. Julio Camarero","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ongoing encroachment is driving recent alpine shrubline dynamics globally, but the role of shrub-shrub interactions in shaping shrublines and their relationships with stem density changes remain poorly understood. Here, the size and age of shrubs from 26 <em>Salix</em> shrubline populations along a 900-km latitudinal gradient (30°–38° N) were measured and mapped across the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Point pattern analyses were used to quantify the spatial distribution patterns of juveniles and adults, and to assess spatial associations between them. Mean intensity of univariate and bivariate spatial patterns was related to biotic and abiotic variables. Bivariate mark correlation functions with a quantitative mark (shrub height, basal stem diameter, crown width) were also employed to investigate the spatial relationships between shrub traits of juveniles and adults. Structural equation models were used to explore the relationships among conspecific interactions, patterns, shrub traits and recruitment dynamics under climate change. Most shrublines showed clustered patterns, suggesting the existence of conspecific facilitation. Clustered patterns of juveniles and conspecific interactions (potentially facilitation) tended to intensify with increasing soil moisture stress. Summer warming before 2010 triggered positive effects on population interactions and spatial patterns via increased shrub recruitment. However, summer warming after 2010 triggered negative effects on interactions through reduced shrub recruitment. Therefore, shrub recruitment shifts under rapid climate change could impact spatial patterns, alter conspecific interactions and modify the direction and degree of shrublines responses to climate. These changes would have profound implications for the stability of alpine woody ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000046/pdfft?md5=b91ba0aeda40c7197f0032f771041d6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000046-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139544461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning","authors":"Mengxi Wang ,&nbsp;Lander Baeten ,&nbsp;Frieke Van Coillie ,&nbsp;Kim Calders ,&nbsp;Kris Verheyen ,&nbsp;Quentin Ponette ,&nbsp;Haben Blondeel ,&nbsp;Bart Muys ,&nbsp;John Armston ,&nbsp;Hans Verbeeck","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics, such as biodiversity, habitat, and productivity. Mixing tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree species. However, the relative importance of species richness, species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear, mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in detail. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), however, allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented way. Therefore, we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a large-scale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest structure. These plots were 9–11 years old young pure and mixed forests, characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures, across twenty composition levels. We generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural variables. Linear mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural variables. Employing a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework, we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural variables. Our results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables, except for canopy height and foliage height diversity. Species identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all sites. Species interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools, and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these interactions. Overall, our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity and interaction effects in choosing suitable species combinations for forest management practices aimed at enhancing vertical forest structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000320/pdfft?md5=62552f7a37d0a41b9330dc9b6c14ab7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance","authors":"Marek Mejstřík ,&nbsp;Martin Svátek ,&nbsp;Martina Pollastrini ,&nbsp;Martin Šrámek ,&nbsp;Radim Matula","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development, which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and diversity. Regenerating trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting ability. Although both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance, they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional differences. However, the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies, and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly understood. To address these research gaps, we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass (AGB) productivity in early-stage forest development. Data were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic, where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual (uncut) trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per hectare. All trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then, either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree, remeasured 11 years later. In addition, all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging, and their origin (sprout or seed) was identified. To assess abundances and productivity, we estimated AGB of all 2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative (i.e., seed origin) individuals of 16 woody species, using allometric equations. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual trees. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species composition. AGB and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed regeneration. Sprouts formed on average 97.1% of the total regeneration AGB in Hády and 98.6% in Soběšice. The average species richness of sprouts was 4.7 in Hády and 2.2 in Soběšice, while the species richness of seed regeneration averaged 2.1 and 1.1 in Hády and Soběšice, respectively. Increasing density of residual trees reduced AGB and diversity of both sprouts and seed regeneration, but seed regeneration was affected to a greater extent. Residual trees had an especially strong inhibitory effect on the establishment of seed regeneration. Consequently, seed-originated saplings were nearly absent in plots with high residual tree density, and abundant sprouts accounted for most of the AGB and diversity. However, unlike sprouts whose species composition resembled that of the original stand, seed regeneration brought in new species, enriching the stand's overall species pool and beta diversity. Our results demonstrated differential roles of sprout and seed regeneration in the early stage of ","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000344/pdfft?md5=fb24fbd57356ddd5891af6f90b6ed10e&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000344-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrain or climate factor dominates vegetation resilience? Evidence from three national parks across different climatic zones in China","authors":"Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Lingxin Wu ,&nbsp;Shiyong Zhen ,&nbsp;Qinxian Lin ,&nbsp;Xisheng Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vegetation resilience (VR), providing an objective measure of ecosystem health, has received considerable attention, however, there is still limited understanding of whether the dominant factors differ across different climate zones. We took the three national parks (Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, HTR; Wuyishan National Park, WYS; and Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, NTL) of China with less human interference as cases, which are distributed in different climatic zones, including tropical, subtropical and temperate monsoon climates, respectively. Then, we employed the probabilistic decay method to explore the spatio-temporal changes in the VR and their natural driving patterns using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model as well. The results revealed that: (1) from 2000 to 2020, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the three national parks fluctuated between 0.800 and 0.960, exhibiting an overall upward trend, with the mean NDVI of NTL (0.923) ​&gt; ​HTR (0.899) ​&gt; ​WYS (0.823); (2) the positive trend decay time of vegetation exceeded that of negative trend, indicating vegetation gradual recovery of the three national parks since 2012; (3) the VR of HTR was primarily influenced by elevation, aspect, average ​annual temperature change (AATC), and average annual precipitation change (AAPC); the WYS’ VR was mainly affected by elevation, average ​annual precipitation (AAP), and AAPC; while the terrain factors (elevation and slope) were the main driving factors of VR in NTL; (4) among the main factors influencing the VR changes, the AAPC had the highest proportion in HTR (66.7%), and the AAP occupied the largest area proportion in WYS (80.4%). While in NTL, elevation served as the main driving factor for the VR, encompassing 64.2% of its area. Consequently, our findings indicated that precipitation factors were the main driving force for the VR changes in HTR and WYS national parks, while elevation was the main factors that drove the VR in NTL. Our research has promoted a deeper understanding of the driving mechanism behind the VR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000484/pdfft?md5=e442f83ba23a7848f1262720ae3f4aff&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000484-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in tree mortality among plant functional types (PFTs) in a temperate forest: Insights into size-dependent and PFT-specific patterns","authors":"Man Hu ,&nbsp;Hang Shi ,&nbsp;Rui He ,&nbsp;Bingbin Wen ,&nbsp;Haikun Liu ,&nbsp;Kerong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Shu ,&nbsp;Haishan Dang ,&nbsp;Quanfa Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tree mortality significantly influences forest structure and function, yet our understanding of its dynamic patterns among a range of tree sizes and among different plant functional types (PFTs) remains incomplete. This study analysed size-dependent tree mortality in a temperate forest, encompassing 46 tree species and 32,565 individuals across different PFTs (i.e., evergreen conifer vs. deciduous broadleaf species, shade-tolerant vs. shade-intolerant species). By employing all-subset regression procedures and logistic generalized linear mixed-effects models, we identified distinct mortality patterns influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Our results showed a stable mortality pattern in evergreen conifer species, contrasted by a declining pattern in deciduous broadleaf and shade-tolerant, as well as shade-intolerant species, across size classes. The contribution to tree mortality of evergreen conifer species shifted from abiotic to biotic factors with increasing size, while the mortality of deciduous broadleaf species was mainly influenced by biotic factors, such as initial diameter at breast height (DBH) and conspecific negative density. For shade-tolerant species, the mortality of small individuals was mainly determined by initial DBH and conspecific negative density dependence, whereas the mortality of large individuals was subjected to the combined effect of biotic (competition from neighbours) and abiotic factors (i.e., convexity and pH). As for shade-intolerant species, competition from neighbours was found to be the main driver of tree mortality throughout their growth stages. Thus, these insights enhance our understanding of forest dynamics by revealing the size-dependent and PFT-specific tree mortality patterns, which may inform strategies for maintaining forest diversity and resilience in temperate forest ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54270,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecosystems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000447/pdfft?md5=67b49fa6a809516f2ff805b84975cf5c&pid=1-s2.0-S2197562024000447-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}