Inae Han, HyeongBin Rheem, Sang Yeong Han, Jayeong Kim, Insung S. Choi
{"title":"Surface-initiated ARGET ATRP of zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacryloyl ethylenediamine in formation of ultralow-biofouling films","authors":"Inae Han, HyeongBin Rheem, Sang Yeong Han, Jayeong Kim, Insung S. Choi","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Undesired biofouling processes severely compromise the performance and durability of materials, including those used in biomedical and marine environments, strongly demanding effective and robust antifouling coating strategies. This paper presents the design, synthesis, and application of a highly water-soluble zwitterionic monomer, carboxybetaine methacryloyl ethylenediamine (CB-MAEDA), in the fabrication of ultralow-biofouling polymer brushes via surface-initiated, activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ARGET ATRP). CB-MAEDA is synthesized through a reproducible, high-yield (>80%) route, and its surface-initiated polymerization under ambient aqueous conditions produces uniform poly(CB-MAEDA) brushes, which achieve a 96.5% reduction in <i>Escherichia coli</i> adhesion. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SI-ARGET ATRP of CB-MAEDA affords thick, highly hydrophilic, and exceptionally effective antifouling coatings, underscoring its potential as a versatile platform for interface engineering in biomedical and related applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"240-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaeeun Yoo, Sohyeon An, Bruce R. Hamaker, Jongbin Lim, Ji Hun Park
{"title":"Polyphenolic composite nanocoating with trans-cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion stabilized by lactoferrin","authors":"Jaeeun Yoo, Sohyeon An, Bruce R. Hamaker, Jongbin Lim, Ji Hun Park","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A chemical strategy depositing functional nanoemulsions onto Fe(III)-tannic acid (TA) priming layers enables the fabrication of polyphenolic composite nanocoatings. Optimization of the composition yields stable nanoemulsions (~200 nm) utilizing a 1:1 <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde/olive oil core and a lactoferrin shell. These nanoemulsions demonstrate superior colloidal stability, specifically maintaining dispersion stability for 7 days at room temperature, resisting heat up to 60°C, and withstanding centrifugal shear forces. Notably, a 3-day incubation triggers interfacial conjugation between trans-cinnamaldehyde and lactoferrin. On Fe(III)-TA-primed surfaces, these nanoemulsions promote the uniform growth of multinary composite nanofilms. This methodology offers a versatile, biocompatible approach to developing tailored composite nanocoatings, establishing a robust platform for engineering functional interfaces in food and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"328-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of data integration for ultra-trace zinc isotope ratio analysis by continuous heating thermal ionization mass spectrometry with single-collector sequential detection","authors":"Jong-Ho Park","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) coupled with the continuous heating method was applied to the isotopic analysis of Zn at an ultra-trace level (1 ng) using the certified reference material IRMM-3702. Because nanogram-level Zn produces weak ion signals that require single secondary electron multiplier (SEM) sequential detection, a detailed evaluation of data treatment procedures was carried out to secure high analytical performance. Three integration methods (summed intensities, simple averaging, and intensity-weighted averaging) were experimentally evaluated for four integration ranges defined relative to the maximum <sup>64</sup>Zn<sup>+</sup> intensity (full, “over 1%”, “over 25%”, and “over 75%”). The results showed that the analytical performance (accuracy, precision, and uncertainty) is strongly affected by both the integration method and the integration range. Method I (summed intensities) and Method III (intensity-weighted averaging) produced isotope ratios with relatively high precision and acceptable accuracy, while Method III showed slightly better analytical performance compared to Method I. Method II (simple averaging) produced large deviations and poor precision when applied to the full range, although the analytical performance improved when reduced integration ranges were applied. These findings indicate that the optimized data treatment procedure for the continuous heating TIMS analysis of Zn isotopes is the use of Method I or III with the integration ranges of “over 25%”, as they yield comparable analytical performance in this range. The results establish a methodological procedure for accurate and precise Zn isotope ratio measurements at ultra-trace levels, extending the applicability of TIMS as a competitive tool for geochemical, environmental, and biomedical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"361-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic understanding of crystal nucleation and growth for halide perovskite films","authors":"Da-Yeong Lee, Yu-Na Lee, Hui-Seon Kim","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optoelectronic properties and phase stability of halide perovskite films are predominantly governed by crystallinity and defect density of thin films. Since the halide perovskite films are generally prepared by solution process, a sufficient engineering window for modulation of nucleation and subsequent growth is ensured, leading to remarkable advances in obtaining high-quality films in line with developing various engineering strategies to control the nucleation and growth processes. This mini-review paper covers crystallization process of halide perovskite film, where basic mechanisms are introduced based on LaMer framework with Classical nucleation theory while deriving adjustable key parameters for crystallization. Meanwhile, effective strategies, being widely adopted for preparing a high-performing perovskite film, are scrutinized to understand their underlying mechanisms from thermodynamic perspective by carefully assessing the respective contribution from a surface term–in close relation with interfacial energy–driven and a volume term–in close relation with supersaturation degree–driven total Gibbs free energy change. Furthermore, subsequent crystal growth kinetics are understood by introducing two extreme conditions of diffusion-controlled and reaction-controlled growth, where underlying mechanisms of effective strategies are examined to correlate their influence on the extreme growth conditions. Lastly, the representative models for particle coarsening are introduced to understand post-growth mechanisms for grain growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Jeong Ahn, Min Gyo Seo, Eun Hye Kim, Seong Hwan Kim
{"title":"Sitravatinib enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity in doxorubicin-resistant K562/ADM cells","authors":"Min Jeong Ahn, Min Gyo Seo, Eun Hye Kim, Seong Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drug resistance remains a major obstacle in leukemia treatment, and combination therapy has emerged as an effective strategy to overcome this limitation. This study aimed to identify compounds with potent anticancer activity in multidrug-resistant leukemia cells through a drug repositioning–based screening of clinical-phase compounds. Among 3120 screened compounds, sitravatinib was identified as a promising hit compound exhibiting significant cytotoxic activity in doxorubicin-resistant K562/ADM cells. When combined with doxorubicin, sitravatinib showed a synergistic effect, enhancing caspase-dependent apoptosis and amplifying DNA damage signaling through CHK1 phosphorylation at Ser317. Taken together, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of sitravatinib to be used as a partner drug in doxorubicin combination therapy and provides an effective drug combination strategy for overcoming multidrug resistance in leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"355-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bkcs.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic understanding of crystal nucleation and growth for halide perovskite films","authors":"Da-Yeong Lee, Yu-Na Lee, Hui-Seon Kim","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optoelectronic properties and phase stability of halide perovskite films are predominantly governed by crystallinity and defect density of thin films. Since the halide perovskite films are generally prepared by solution process, a sufficient engineering window for modulation of nucleation and subsequent growth is ensured, leading to remarkable advances in obtaining high-quality films in line with developing various engineering strategies to control the nucleation and growth processes. This mini-review paper covers crystallization process of halide perovskite film, where basic mechanisms are introduced based on LaMer framework with Classical nucleation theory while deriving adjustable key parameters for crystallization. Meanwhile, effective strategies, being widely adopted for preparing a high-performing perovskite film, are scrutinized to understand their underlying mechanisms from thermodynamic perspective by carefully assessing the respective contribution from a surface term–in close relation with interfacial energy–driven and a volume term–in close relation with supersaturation degree–driven total Gibbs free energy change. Furthermore, subsequent crystal growth kinetics are understood by introducing two extreme conditions of diffusion-controlled and reaction-controlled growth, where underlying mechanisms of effective strategies are examined to correlate their influence on the extreme growth conditions. Lastly, the representative models for particle coarsening are introduced to understand post-growth mechanisms for grain growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Picture: Thermodynamic understanding of crystal nucleation and growth for halide perovskite films (BKCS 3/2026) by Da-Yeong Lee, Yu-Na Lee, Hui-Seon Kim","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image illustrates crystal growth of poly-crystalline halide perovskite thin films, being composed of an inorganic framework with corner-sharing octahedral PbX<sub>6</sub><sup>4−</sup> cages and organic A<sup>+</sup> cations. The formation of seed clusters and sequential growth can be thermodynamically regulated by altering interfacial energy and supersaturation degree in perovskite precursor solution to govern total Gibbs free energy change. Details are in the article by Da-Yeong Lee, Yu-Na Lee, and Hui-Seon Kim.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bkcs.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyu Cheol Cho, Dohoon Jeon, Dong Hwan Oh, Youn K. Kang
{"title":"Through-space electronic coupling in highly compressed π-stacked organic mixed-valence systems: The role of charge type and redox-center orientation","authors":"Kyu Cheol Cho, Dohoon Jeon, Dong Hwan Oh, Youn K. Kang","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A quantitative understanding of through-space electronic coupling in <i>π</i>-stacked organic mixed-valence (MV) systems remains limited, particularly in regimes where severe geometric compression and conformational effects complicate conventional spectroscopic interpretations. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of highly compressed <i>π</i>-stacked MV systems derived from the cation-radical <b>3˙</b><sup>+</sup> and the anion-radical <b>4˙</b><sup><b>−</b></sup>, which possess closely comparable centroid-to-centroid separations well within the sub–van der Waals contact regime. Electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements, together with DFT and TD-DFT analyses, reveal that the lowest-energy optical transitions observed for these systems do not arise from equivalent electronic states in the cationic and anionic manifolds. In particular, the anion-radical system exhibits a pronounced conformational dependence, in which the <i>syn</i> conformer displays fully delocalized electronic structure consistent with Robin–Day Class III behavior, whereas the <i>anti</i> conformer remains Class II. As a consequence, the experimentally observed strong low-energy absorption of <b>4˙</b><sup><b>−</b></sup> is dominated by the <i>syn</i> conformer and reflects <i>π</i>–<i>π</i>* excitation rather than a conventional intervalence charge-transfer process. When analyzed within a consistent computational framework, the intrinsic electronic couplings of <b>3˙</b><sup>+</sup> and <b>4˙</b><sup><b>−</b></sup> converge to a coherent picture in which orientation-dependent effects, rather than charge-carrier polarity alone, govern the magnitude and character of through-space electronic coupling in the highly compressed regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Jeong Ahn, Min Gyo Seo, Eun Hye Kim, Seong Hwan Kim
{"title":"Sitravatinib enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity in doxorubicin-resistant K562/ADM cells","authors":"Min Jeong Ahn, Min Gyo Seo, Eun Hye Kim, Seong Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drug resistance remains a major obstacle in leukemia treatment, and combination therapy has emerged as an effective strategy to overcome this limitation. This study aimed to identify compounds with potent anticancer activity in multidrug-resistant leukemia cells through a drug repositioning–based screening of clinical-phase compounds. Among 3120 screened compounds, sitravatinib was identified as a promising hit compound exhibiting significant cytotoxic activity in doxorubicin-resistant K562/ADM cells. When combined with doxorubicin, sitravatinib showed a synergistic effect, enhancing caspase-dependent apoptosis and amplifying DNA damage signaling through CHK1 phosphorylation at Ser317. Taken together, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of sitravatinib to be used as a partner drug in doxorubicin combination therapy and provides an effective drug combination strategy for overcoming multidrug resistance in leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"355-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bkcs.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Young Hee Lee, Sanha Lee, Jaeuk Sim, Eun Sol Jo, Jae-Kyung Jung, Soonsil Hyun, Jae-Hwan Kwak
{"title":"Discovery of piperazine-tethered N-heterocycle derivatives as anticancer agents","authors":"Young Hee Lee, Sanha Lee, Jaeuk Sim, Eun Sol Jo, Jae-Kyung Jung, Soonsil Hyun, Jae-Hwan Kwak","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deregulated cell proliferation is a hallmark of carcinogenesis. To develop effective anticancer agents, extensive efforts have been directed toward identifying key regulators of the cell cycle. The piperazine moiety has been reported to possess diverse biological activities; hence, a novel series of piperazine-based compounds was designed and synthesized as potential anticancer agents. A total of 72 piperazine derivatives were synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed by spectral analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of all compounds were evaluated against three human colon tumor cell lines (LS513, WiDR, and HCT-115). Eight representative compounds showing marked cytotoxicity were further tested against five additional human cancer cell lines: A549 (non-small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovarian), HCT-15 (colon), XF-498 (CNS), and SK-MEL-2 (melanoma). Among them, compounds <b>1B</b> and <b>4A</b> exhibited potent cytotoxicity with IC<sub>50</sub> values lower than those of standard reference drugs paclitaxel, colchicine, and doxorubicin. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these compounds induced cell-cycle arrest at the G<sub>2</sub>/M phase, as evidenced by flow cytometric analysis. Particularly, compound <b>1B</b> acts as a mitotic inhibitor and may serve as a promising lead structure for the development of new anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 3","pages":"333-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}