International Quarterly of Community Health Education最新文献

{"title":"\"Now, I am Empowered. Now, I am a Woman With Spirit\": Evaluating CARE's Public Health Work Through a Community-Organizing Framework in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.","authors":"Andrew Saxon,&nbsp;Jessie V Ford","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20916624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20916624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community-based interventions are crucial to reducing health-care disparities throughout the world. CARE, an international development nongovernmental organization (NGO), is a global leader in using a community-based approach in public health. This qualitative study sought to understand the processes through which community organizing functions to effectively facilitate change and improve health among underserved populations in three programs in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Sixteen in-depth interviews and two focus groups were conducted with NGO staff, partner organization staff, and community change agents. Programs are assessed through Ganz's community-organizing model, which includes (a) leadership development, (b) storytelling strategies, and (c) team building. Our findings confirm existing literature showing that public health approaches can be augmented by using community organizing to develop local engagement. Results show that program success relates to developing community members' understanding of social inequality and its impact on society. Other important strategies include systems strengthening, political engagement, coalition building, and government outreach. Empowered communities were created through recruiting, activating, and investing in community members, their stories, and their collaborative potential, at least in the sites studied here. Collectively, these programs have begun to create empowered communities among some of the most marginalized people in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 3","pages":"241-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20916624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38209930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Education on Preventive Behaviors of Osteoporosis in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Somyieh Abdolalipour,&nbsp;Mojgan Mirghafourvand","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20936833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20936833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoporosis is one of the diseases that can be prevented by correcting health behaviors during adolescence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of education on preventive behaviors of osteoporosis including physical activity, calcium intake and practice (primary outcomes) and knowledge and attitude related to osteoporosis (secondary outcomes) in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A search was done in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran regardless of the time limit. To evaluate the quality of selected controlled trials, Cochrane collaboration' instrument was used for assessing the risk of bias. RevMan software was used to analysis and report the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2159 articles retrieved, 20 of them were reviewed and 18 of them entered the mete-analysis. The meta-analysis showed significant differences between the education and control groups in terms of calcium intake (SMD = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.55 to 1.02, P < 0.00001), practice (SMD = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.41 to 0.68, P < 0.0001), knowledge (SMD = 1.76, 95%CI = 1.10 to 2.42, P < 0.00001) and attitude (SMD = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.53 to 1.40, P < 0.0001) mean score in adolescents but education is not effective on average minute/week of physical activity per week (MD = 31.94, 95%CI = -6.53 to 70.40, P = 0.10), mean score of physical activity (MD = 2.66, 95%CI = -0.55 to 5.88, P = 0.10) and percent of students participated in the physical activity (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 0.30 to 6.91, P = 0.64).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Education is effective in improving their knowledge and attitudes toward osteoporosis. It can also improve some health-related behaviors for bone health such as sufficient dairy calcium intake but it has not been effective in establishing a regular exercise program.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 3","pages":"325-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20936833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38087734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Anemia in Married Women and Their Children in Cambodia: A Synthetic Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Ngozi J I'Aronu,&nbsp;Nkechi G Onyeneho,&nbsp;Benjamin C Ozumba,&nbsp;S V Subramanian","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20916615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20916615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the prevalence of anemia in three cohorts of women, namely, married yet to be mothers, married and are mothers, and currently pregnant, to ascertain the patterns in anemia in women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed a sample of 130,965 married women from four Demographic Health Surveys: 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2015. The primary focus for the analysis was married women aged 15 to 49 years. In the absence of a longitudinal data that followed the same women over the periods, a synthetic cohort of the women of that age-group was constructed to get women aged 15 to 64 years over the four surveys. Women who were aged 15 to 19 years in 2000 were the same as those 30 to 34 years in 2015, while those aged 45 to 49 years in 2000 were the same as 60 to 64 years in 2015.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression revealed that young mothers were significantly more infected (<i>p</i> < .001). Pregnancy affected anemia in the women (<i>p</i> < .001). Being younger and richer were associated with odds ratios of 0.599 (95% confidence interval, CI: [0.560, 0.640]) and 0.765 (95% CI: [0.726, 0.807]) for anemia, respectively. Being pregnant had odds ratio of 1.642 (95% CI: [1.439, 1.872]) for anemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Public health strategies should target social deprivation at the household level while addressing maternal health issues. An analysis of data on unmarried women and their children is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 3","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20916615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38044301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Gender-Specific Impact of Educational Film on Maternal and Child Health Knowledge and Behavior: A Qualitative Study in Serenje District, Zambia.","authors":"Oliver Mweemba,&nbsp;Helen Smith,&nbsp;Helen Coombe","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20916600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20916600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Educational film is a communication tool that helps to present complex information simply and clearly, keeping audiences interested for longer and helping to reinforce important learning. Medical Aid Films produces educational films targeted at communities and health workers, with a focus on maternal and child health (MCH) content. Pilot work suggests that film screenings have attracted male as well as female viewers and have started to increase male involvement in MCH care. We explored stakeholder perspectives and gender-specific responses to educational films screened in a rural district of Serenje, Zambia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with men and women who had viewed the films at least once, and key informant interviews with health workers who helped deliver the film screenings. Thematic framework analysis was used to derive themes and subthemes, and illustrative quotes are used to substantiate interpretation of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men's and women's perspectives are clustered around the influence of the films on knowledge and behavior in relation to MCH topics and male involvement and overall community responses to the films. The three themes summarizing key informant perspectives relate to their impressions of the influence of the films on male involvement in MCH and their views on using film to deliver heath information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Educational films have the potential to improve women's and men's knowledge and awareness of MCH topics, including healthy nutrition and welfare of women during pregnancy, the need to seek skilled care during pregnancy and for childbirth, and the importance of male involvement in supporting the care of women and children. Before widespread implementation, decisions must be made about whether and how to integrate the films with community health education programs, the needs, values, and preferences of men and women and how to present and deliver the film content in a way that maximizes participation of men and women in MCH but does not undermine women's rights, autonomy, or safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 2","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20916600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37804301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of a New Scale Measuring Neglect and Abuse of Older Adults in the Community: Implications for Social Activity.","authors":"Nestor Asiamah,&nbsp;Kyriakos Kouveliotis,&nbsp;Richard Eduafo,&nbsp;Richard Borkey","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20915384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20915384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neglect and abuse of older adults are still prevalent in communities of developing countries, a situation that could discourage active and healthy behaviors in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the cross-sectional and correlational approaches to construct a scale measuring neglect and abuse in older adults living in the community. The study population was all (3,211) older adults who were resident in Accra and were part of the database of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust. Participants were 515 individuals who met some inclusion criteria. Three steps were followed to determine an initial set of 11 items, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis were used to select relevant items and assess the psychometric properties of the final scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal component analysis with varimax rotation yielded a two-factor solution on all 11 items. The first factor extracted was \"discrimination and exploitation,\" which accounted for a variance of 53.9% out of total variance of 70.8%. The scale had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .90, factor loading ≥0.50). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor solution and produced satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that 11 items that make up 2 factors are potential indicators of neglect and abuse of older adults at the community level. Finally, neglect and abuse of older people in the community can contribute to an increase or decrease in social activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 2","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20915384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37789225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Between Selected Noncommunicable Disease Mortality Rates Between 2010 and 2016 Among Selected Southern African Countries.","authors":"T J Ellapen,&nbsp;M Barnard,&nbsp;G L Strydom,&nbsp;K M Masime,&nbsp;Y Paul","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20916588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20916588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers have identified cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases as being the principal pathologies of increased aged standardized death rates (ASDRs) among noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study was to compare the change in the ASDR of these principal NCDs between the years 2010 and 2016 in Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. ASDR data were collected from the 2016 Global Health Estimate. Among the selected Southern African countries for both 2010 and 2016, the order of prevalence of NCDs linked to increased ASDR was cardiovascular diseases (both cardiac and stroke), cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory diseases. The percentage of the total number of NCDs linked to increased ASDR in relation to total deaths increased from 43.8% (in 2010) to 51.0% (in 2016) from (<i>p</i> < .0001). The percentage of principal NCDs in relation to total ASDR increased from 33.0% (in 2010) to 38.2% (in 2016; <i>p</i> < .0001).</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 2","pages":"119-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20916588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37805400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student Attitudes About Reproductive Health in Public Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Fatemeh Kashefi,&nbsp;Afsaneh Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Hajar Pasha,&nbsp;Fatemeh Nasiri Amiri,&nbsp;Fatemeh Bakouei","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20916599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20916599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Determine attitude of young people to reproductive health issues can somewhat predict their behavior in this area. This helps us in planning future on reproductive health. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of reproductive health and related factors among Iranian students in public universities in Iran.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out. The tool was developed based on a literature review to find out about reproductive health attitudes and sociodemographic factors associated. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was performed using expert judgment. Cronbach's coefficient and test-retest were used to determine the reliability. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software by independent <i>t</i> test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 461 respondents, the majority of students were nonmedical sciences (81.1%). The main sources of information for reproductive health awareness were the media (40%); 54.9% disagreed with having premarital sex in both sexes, while only 36% agreed to postpone sexual activity until marriage in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Moreover, 64% believed that contraception would cause infertility in the future. The majority found the need for reproductive health services and education essential for single youth. Multiple regression showed a poor reproductive health attitude in nonmedical students, families who did not talk about boy-girl relationships, as well as in satellite users and hookah consumers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The students' level of attitude on reproductive health was not satisfactory. Intervention programs related to reproductive health taking into account the cultural aspects of Iranian society can protect young people from risky behaviors and unwanted pregnancies by creating a positive attitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 2","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20916599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37805991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skill Development Versus Performativity Among Beginners in Aerial Practice: An Embodied and Meaningful Learning Experience.","authors":"Maria Kosma,&nbsp;Nick Erickson,&nbsp;Chase J Savoie,&nbsp;Mark Gibson","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20918053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20918053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this quasi-experimental, phenomenological study was to use embodied cognition in understanding learning experiences in skill development and performativity (e.g., storytelling and emotional expression) among 17 beginners in aerial practice (<i>M</i>_age = 20.59 ± 1.37 years old). Eight people were in the treatment-group class (skill development and performativity) and nine individuals participated in the control-group class (only skill development). Four themes emerged from the analysis: <i>linking other exercises to aerial</i> (e.g., cheerleading, dancing, and gymnastics) and <i>uniqueness of aerial</i> (e.g., artistic aspect while in the air); <i>success in meeting aerial goals</i> (at the posttest, performativity was valued more in the treatment group than the control group); <i>exercise changes due to aerial</i>, such as enhanced upper-body strengthening activities and stretches; and <i>lessons learned</i>, including importance of conditioning and small class size, switching Teaching Assistants (TAs), and silk awareness. Practitioners in community-based movement education programs like dancing and physical theater should recognize the need for embodied knowledge by emphasizing not only skill development but also performativity for enhanced learning experiences within supportive class settings. Although adding performative qualities to skill learning is more challenging than skill development alone, it can lead to enhanced performance, joy, and meaning of movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 2","pages":"173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20918053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37822261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Management of Life-Threatening Emergencies: The Importance of Developing the Instrument to Assess Nonhospital Health Centers' Preparedness.","authors":"Ali Janati,&nbsp;Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami,&nbsp;Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani,&nbsp;Farzad Rahmani","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20915357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20915357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We presented a commentary on published studies on the \"preparedness of non-hospital centers in dealing with life-threatening emergencies\" to emphasize the importance of developing, validating, and piloting an instrument to assess the preparedness of these centers when life-threatening emergencies occur in their geographic area.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 2","pages":"159-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20915357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37778062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Effective Integration of Clinical Risk Management Into Health Care From Nurses' Viewpoints: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Jamileh Farokhzadian,&nbsp;Amirreza Sabzi,&nbsp;Nahid Dehghan Nayeri","doi":"10.1177/0272684X20915358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X20915358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to explore nurses' experiences and viewpoints about the outcomes of effective integration of clinical risk management (CRM) into health care. This qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling and semistructured interviews with 19 nurses from three hospitals affiliated with a large medical university. Data were analyzed by the conventional qualitative content analysis method proposed by Lundman and Graneheim. Data analysis reflected the following concepts: improving the quality of services and promoting health, preserving and protecting patient safety, increasing satisfaction, improving staff morale, and improving organizational awareness and vigilance. According to the results, CRM with its positive outcomes can help the development of a patient-oriented culture. The results can be a starting point for further quantitative and qualitative research to explore other strategies, potentials, and capacities of quality improvement activities such as CRM in other contexts and cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54184,"journal":{"name":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education","volume":"41 2","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0272684X20915358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37785364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}