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Two iron technology diffusion routes in Eastern Europe 东欧两条铁技术扩散路线
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.15
V. Zavyalov, N. Terekhova
{"title":"Two iron technology diffusion routes in Eastern Europe","authors":"V. Zavyalov, N. Terekhova","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeometallographic data suggest that there were two technological models in Eastern Europe as early as the Bronze Age–Early Iron Age transition period (9th–7th centuries BC). We link their development to two routes via which knowledge of use of ferrous metals diffused from Anatolia. The first route reached the North Caucasus, the second route passed through Greece and the Balkans to Central and Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44033716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Socio-economic determinants of iron production on Polish lands during antiquity 古代波兰土地上铁生产的社会经济因素
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.20
Szymon Orzechowski
{"title":"Socio-economic determinants of iron production on Polish lands during antiquity","authors":"Szymon Orzechowski","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.20","url":null,"abstract":"Metallurgical activity of the peoples living in the area known as Germania Magna is characterized by an extensive and ad hoc nature which clearly is different from the centralized Roman production model. In the so-called Barbarian parts of Europe however, there were regions where there was a specialized and identifiably large mass production of iron. On Polish lands three such centres were active – in the Holy Cross Mountains, in West Masovia and in some regions of Silesia. The presence within a single cultural unit of several large metallurgical centres functioning on the basis of different organizational patterns is a unique phenomenon and warrants reflection upon the causes of their creation and the meaning of production for their neighbouring areas. These enormous logistical projects indicate the existence of yet unknown to us interdependent social structures of large work teams in the population, evident over a period of several generations. Their reconstruction can help us understand at least some aspects of the social and economic life on Polish lands towards the end of antiquity.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69911453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Doubting radiocarbon dating from in-slag charcoal 怀疑炉渣炭的放射性碳定年法
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.14
Guntram Gassmann, A. Schäfer
{"title":"Doubting radiocarbon dating from in-slag charcoal","authors":"Guntram Gassmann, A. Schäfer","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.14","url":null,"abstract":"A Roman-Period bloomery smelting site had been excavated in the Lahn valley at Wetzlar-Dalheim in central Germany during 2006–2012. The production unit consisted of a big rectangular workshop pit with 13 slag pit-furnaces, two waste dumps and a small sunken hut. The stratigraphical sequence, along with abundant pottery and small finds, allows the dating of short-lived smelting activity to a time slot around the third quarter of the first century AD. As a first series of radiocarbon measurements from in-slag charcoal samples resulted in a bewildering date range from the Iron Age right back into the Neolithic, a second dating series has been undertaken. This time exclusively charcoal samples taken from the bottom of the furnace pits have been analysed. The resulting dates fit to the archaeologically derived dating. It is clear that the 14C content of the in-slag charcoal samples must have been altered already during the process in antiquity. With none of the analysed dates younger than the archaeologically fixed date of the bloomery production unit, it is obvious that a contamination with fossil carbon must have taken place. The wide and inconsistent date range suggests that fossil carbon has entered the metallurgical system within the furnace in an uncontrollable manner. The observed phenomenon has wide implications for other metallurgical sites with high temperature processes under strongly reducing conditions. Charcoal samples from such sites, especially from inside slags, might be contaminated to an unpredictable degree and produce seemingly older dates. A first review of previously published data series calls for a reconsideration of the reliability of radiocarbon dates from metallurgical slags.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44198430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Early medieval iron bloomery centre at Zamárdi (Hungary) 位于Zamárdi（匈牙利）的中世纪早期铁器厂中心
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.21
B. Török, Zsolt Gallina, Á. Kovács, F. Kristály
{"title":"Early medieval iron bloomery centre at Zamárdi (Hungary)","authors":"B. Török, Zsolt Gallina, Á. Kovács, F. Kristály","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.21","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological excavations at Zamárdi (Hungary) revealed one of the largest early medieval iron smelting centres in Central Europe with about a hundred ore-roasting pits, twenty bloomery furnaces, reheating furnaces and a forge. In addition, a related Avar settlement dating from the 7th to 9th centuries was also unearthed, with remains of carriage roads, about twenty houses with stone furnaces and a number of open-air furnaces. The bloomery remains fit into the series of furnaces of the 7th and 8th centuries foundpreviously on other sites in former Pannonia. As a part of a complex research project, more than a hundred slag samples from Zamárdi were examined by XRF, ICP, XRD and SEM-EDS. Different slag types and their metallurgical roles were identified. We concluded that the nature of archaeometallurgical sites can be confidently determined by the typological examination of several kinds of slag.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49330350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The haizeola and the origins of the ‘Catalan method’ 海泽奥拉和“加泰罗尼亚方法”的起源
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.22
Mercedes Urteaga, X. Alberdi, Iosu Etxezarraga, Fernando Suquía, Mertxe Urkiola, J. Ugarte
{"title":"The haizeola and the origins of the ‘Catalan method’","authors":"Mercedes Urteaga, X. Alberdi, Iosu Etxezarraga, Fernando Suquía, Mertxe Urkiola, J. Ugarte","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.22","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research shows that furnaces characteristically used in the ‘Catalan method’, a direct system of obtaining iron, are much older than they were thought to be. Archaeological evidence obtained in recent years indicates that the same model of furnace, although with smaller dimensions, was part of the ironmaking culture of the pre-water-powered phase, when work was done by manpower. This phase has been dated to between the 9th and 14th centuries and relates to installations known as haizeolas. They have been recognized in the Basque territories of Biscay, Gipuzkoa and Alava, in a geographical area on the western edge of the Pyrenees.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44864751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The early iron metallurgy in the Siberian Arctic 西伯利亚北极地区早期的铁冶金
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.16
E. Vodyasov
{"title":"The early iron metallurgy in the Siberian Arctic","authors":"E. Vodyasov","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.16","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological excavations conducted at the settlement-sanctuary of Ust-Polui, located just north of the Arctic Circle in Western Siberia yielded the oldest remains of early iron production in the Circumpolar region of Asia. Ust-Polui archaeological finds associated with metallurgy of iron are dated back to the 3rd century BC – 2nd century AD. Hence the finds date the origins of metallurgical technologies used in the north of Western Siberia virtually several centuries back in time and geographically extend the spread of iron metallurgy between the eras significantly. It seems that Ust-Polui is the most northern point on the Earth where iron metallurgy was developed by ancient people. The discovery of new iron production site poses an important question – what are the reasons and ways of appearance of the iron smelting technologies in the Polar North of Siberia? It is possible that all knowledge was obtained from outside via contacts with metal producing societies, who lived in the eastern regions of the Ural Mountains (to the southwest of Ust-Polui), and knew how to produce iron about two thousand years ago.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48025708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
New light on old iron 旧铁上的新光
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.17
P. Halkon, Zechariah Jinks-Fredrick
{"title":"New light on old iron","authors":"P. Halkon, Zechariah Jinks-Fredrick","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of projects and discoveries relating to Iron Age iron in the UK. These include the discovery of one of the earliest smelting furnaces at Messingham, North Lincolnshire, an extensive industry along the Thames Valley and finds of iron objects including swords and spearheads within the graves of the Arras culture of Eastern Yorkshire, for example at Pocklington. There has also been an encouraging increase of the number of PhD theses being undertakenin UK universities on early iron objects and their production and deposition, including those supervised and examined by the writer. This contribution will consider the origins of iron production in Iron Age Britain and the relationship between iron production, its uses and the deposition of iron artefacts within the landscape in the light of these recent discoveries.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48858476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Milanówek/Falęcin – a settlement of iron-smelters from the Late Antiquity Milanówek/FalÉcin——古代晚期炼铁厂的定居点
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.18
M. Woźniak
{"title":"Milanówek/Falęcin – a settlement of iron-smelters from the Late Antiquity","authors":"M. Woźniak","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.18","url":null,"abstract":"The settlement at Milanówek/Falęcin is a part of large centre of iron production of the Przeworsk Culture, dating from the Late Pre-Roman and Roman Periods, and located in the western Masovia (central Poland). The site was discovered in the 1960s during surface surveys, and its area is estimated to 9–12 hectares. Over time, various non destructive archaeological methods have been employed at the site (e.g. aerial photography, geomagnetic surveys, advanced surface prospection), and excavations were carried out over an area of ca 1500 m2. There have been found remains of nearly 1000 slag pit furnaces, 4 lime kilns, 1 ‘horseshoe-shaped’ kiln, 2 buildings and several pits. The excavation yielded also a large set of artefacts, of which some were subjected to expert analysis (e.g. chemical composition of slags, mineralogical composition of clay of relic of shafts). On the basis of geomagnetic surveys and excavations it is presumed that the settlement at Milanówek Falęcin may contain remains of about fifteen thousand slag-pit furnaces.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48549232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
K depotům měděných žeber ze starší doby bronzové v sídlištním kontextu 住宅环境中青铜时代的铜肋沉积物
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.8
Ondřej Chvojka, Petr Menšík, Petra Houfková, Tereza Šálková
{"title":"K depotům měděných žeber ze starší doby bronzové v sídlištním kontextu","authors":"Ondřej Chvojka, Petr Menšík, Petra Houfková, Tereza Šálková","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.8","url":null,"abstract":"Depot měděných žeber objevený v r. 2012 v Kučeři na Písecku umožnil díky odborně dokumentovaným nálezovým okolnostem položení několika významných otázek. Vedle typologického rozboru artefaktů z depotu v kontextu zachyceného rozdělení jednotlivých žeber do celkem čtyř svazků byly provedeny archeobotanické analýzy i radiokarbonové datování. Za důležitou považujeme otázku vztahu depotu k sídlišti, jehož existence byla potvrzena v několika drobných sondách a které nabízí možnosti analýzy vztahu hromadných nálezů starší doby bronzové k soudobým rovinným sídlištím v širším středoevropském prostoru. Palynologická analýza a analýza rostlinných makrozbytků nabízejí zamyšlení nad charakterem lidských aktivit v sídelním areálu. Komparace archeobotanických a radiokarbonových dat z depotu a z kulturní vrstvy pak umožňuje rozvahu nad vzájemným vztahem obou těchto komponent.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45096349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Nové poznatky o ostatcích z hrobů K1 a K2 z rotundy sv. Víta na Pražském hradě 布拉格城堡圣维特圆形大厅K1和K2坟墓遗骸的新发现
IF 0.6 4区 历史学
Archeologicke Rozhledy Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.35686/ar.2018.10
Milena Bravermanová, M. Dobisíková, J. Frolík, Sylva Kaupová, Petra Stránská, I. Světlík, Daniel Vaněk, Petr Velemínský, Jitka Votrubová
{"title":"Nové poznatky o ostatcích z hrobů K1 a K2 z rotundy sv. Víta na Pražském hradě","authors":"Milena Bravermanová, M. Dobisíková, J. Frolík, Sylva Kaupová, Petra Stránská, I. Světlík, Daniel Vaněk, Petr Velemínský, Jitka Votrubová","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"Tématem příspěvku je nová analýza dostupných poznatků o hrobech K1 a K2 v lodi předrománské rotundy sv. Víta, které byly objeveny již v roce 1911 a připisovány několika přemyslovským knížatům. Provedena byla zejména revize antropologických poznatků, analýzy stabilních izotopů uhlíku (δ13C) a dusíku (δ15N), analýza DNA a radiouhlíkové datování. Získaná data nedávají dohromady konzistentní obraz. Archeologie vylučuje připsání ostatků knížeti Bořivoji I. († asi 888/889), antropologie pak knížeti Boleslavu I. († 972). Oba obory by dovolovaly připsat s určitou pravděpodobností kosterní ostatky knížeti Boleslavu II. († 999), tomu ale neodpovídá radiokarbonové datování. Navržena je možnost připsat ostatky písemně doloženému jménem neznámému synovi knížete Boleslava I., který zemřel před rokem 972. Analýza DNA z K2 připsala ostatky ženě, pravděpodobně tedy manželce osoby K1.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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