D. Dreslerová, N. Venclová, P. Demján, René Kyselý, V. Matoušek
{"title":"Did they leave or not?","authors":"D. Dreslerová, N. Venclová, P. Demján, René Kyselý, V. Matoušek","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key unresolved questions regarding the archaeology of La Tène Europe concerns the continuity of settlement around 400 BC. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the countries north of the Alps, including the Czech Republic, declines during this period – a decline which for decades has generally been attributed to population migration. Demographic growth, climate deterioration, land depletion, disease, and social crisis have all been put forward as reasons for this migration. Our contribution critically reflects on all these alternatives and asks whether there was indeed any significant migration out of Bohemia. We suggest that a reduction in archaeological visibility – the possibility of detecting archaeological traces of human activity – is behind most of the decrease in the number of recorded settlement sites during the transition from LT A to LT B. Some form of social ‘revolution’ is considered the main cause of the changes recorded in this period.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48373569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Význam histotafonomie a terénní antropologie při rekonstrukci pohřebního ritu kultury se šňůrovou keramikou na Moravě","authors":"Anna Pankowská","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"Rekonstrukce prostředí hrobu představuje klíčový prvek v interpretaci pohřebního ritu. Metody terénní antropologie a histotafonomie mohou pomoci lépe poznat mikro-prostředí, ve kterém došlo k dekompozici mrtvého těla. Cílem studie je na příkladu pěti hrobů z období kultury se šňůrovou keramikou zjistit, v jakých podmínkách se těla mrtvých nacházela či jak byla posmrtně upravena. Kosterní pozůstatky čtyř jedinců nesly stopy po uložení do dutého prostoru. Na základě histologické analýzy bylo zjištěno, že dekompozice měkkých tkání u těchto jedinců musela být zastavena nebo naopak velmi urychlena, protože kostní mikrostruktura nebyla poškozena mikroorganismy. K urychlení dekompozice mohlo dojít rozkladem těla v otevřeném prostoru, jakým mohl být částečně zahloubený hrob s konstrukcí. Naopak k zastavení dekompozice mohlo dojít v důsledku působení vyšších teplot v podobě ohně nebo kouře, ale také vlivem opakovaně podmáčeného prostředí. Pro všechny možnosti existují na kosterních pozůstatcích konkrétní stopy. Komplexní tafonomická analýza kosterních pozůstatků přináší nové detailnější informace o okolnostech pohřbu, čímž výrazně rozšiřuje možnosti intepretace pojetí smrti v minulosti.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pavel Vařeka a kolektiv autorů: Svědectví archeologie o tzv. cikánském táboře v Letech.","authors":"Jan Hasil","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42649425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Late Bronze Age spears in the ‘floor’ from Velem-Szent Vid, Hungary","authors":"J. Tarbay","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"The study introduces a spearhead hoard from the Velem-Szent Vid hillfort (Vas County, Hungary), which was retrieved by the joint research project of the Eötvös Loránd University Institute of Archaeological Sciences and the Centre archéologique européen du Mont Beuvray in 1993. The two spearheads were found next to each other, inserted into the ground of a potential house floor, on a settled plateau of the Velem-Szent Vid hillfort. The spearheads’ parallels stretched beyond the borders of the Carpathian Basin. Based on the analysis of spearhead no. 1, we consider it most likely that this assemblage was deposited in the Ha B1 period. The spearheads were studied by a digital USB microscope-camera for documenting production, technological, and use-wear traces. The two studied objects were identified as finished, used products of actual combatants based on micro traces. They were probably mounted on shafts and could be put on display inside a house or in a settled area. The two weapons may constitute a reversible dual hoard that was eventually abandoned at a single point. Alternatively, they could be seen as a set of trophies looted from defeated enemies, serving as a reminder of a triumphant battle.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49541371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Vostrovská, Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Bernhard Muigg, Kristýna Urbanová
{"title":"Organické nádoby na vodu ze studny kultury s lineární keramikou v Mohelnici, okr. Šumperk","authors":"Ivana Vostrovská, Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Bernhard Muigg, Kristýna Urbanová","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"Významnou část přepravních a skladovacích nádob tvořily v neolitu nádoby z organických materiálů. Používaly se k vytahování vody z jam nebo studní, zatímco keramické nádoby byly používány k přepravě, skladování a pití vody. Cílem tohoto článku je analýza a vyhodnocení unikátních dřevěných věder ze studny LBK v lokalitě Mohelnice – U Cukrovaru. Konstrukce věder se skládala z podélně dělených prutů se zářezy. Vrstva lýka tvořila stěnu vědra a konce rozštípnutých prutů se pak k sobě svázaly provázky. Textilně-technologický rozbor určil jako použitou surovinu s největší pravděpodobností lýko. Xylotomická analýza určila jako zdroj dřevo několika listnatých stromů. Obdobné nádoby byly nalezeny v několika studnách v Evropě, zejména v Sasku. Lze předpokládat, že organické nádoby tvořily standardní součást výbavy neolitické domácnosti.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47507252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New discoveries change existing views on the domestication of the horse and specify its role in human prehistory and history – a review","authors":"René Kyselý, L. Peške","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"The great importance of the domestic horse in human history and culture has long made it a significant subject of research. The historical role of the horse and new studies and discoveries that are key to understanding its domestication provided the impetus for this paper. The review presents and discusses the current state of know ledge and ideas concerning the origins, domestication, early history, historical roles, and exploitation of this domestic animal from central European and global perspectives. Ecological, biological, phylogenetic, archaeological and historical aspects are combined to explore the issue in a comprehensive manner and to provide insights into various scientific fields and the different regions of Eurasia.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46572684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karla Motyková: Dlouhý život s archeologií. Rozhovor s Pavlem Fojtíkem","authors":"Marcela Starcová, Natalie Venclová","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42581066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petr Limburský, Lucie Vélová, Agnieszka Půlpánová-Reszczyńska, Nikola Koštová
{"title":"Tyčinkové náramky v hrobech únětické kultury v Čechách","authors":"Petr Limburský, Lucie Vélová, Agnieszka Půlpánová-Reszczyńska, Nikola Koštová","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Při analýze pohřebiště ze starší doby bronzové ve Vliněvsi (střední Čechy, okr. Mělník) byla zkoumána variabilita typů milodarů v hrobech různého pohlaví a věku. Krom jiného se ukázalo téměř výhradní zastoupení tyčinkových náramků v dětských hrobech. Rozborem všech dostupných nálezů tyčinkových náramků v hrobech únětické kultury v Čechách se tato vazba ukázala jako nenáhodná. Autoři diskutují hypotézu o spojení náramků s obdobím nedospělosti a s ním souvisejícími přechodovými rituály, případně ochrannou funkci těchto předmětů.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48150990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deposits of Funnel Beaker culture vessels in wells","authors":"D. Żurkiewicz","doi":"10.35686/ar.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the extraordinary discoveries of ceramic vessel deposits in wells of the Funnel Beaker culture (FBC). Such a custom is observed in all groups of this community but is of particular importance in the Eastern group of the FBC. In central Poland (Kuyavia) specifically, there are many objects of this type compared to older materials of the Linear Pottery culture. The analysis of the local contexts of these finds allows for the hypothesis that the two communities are closely related to be proposed.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42241059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}