HIV & AIDS Review最新文献

{"title":"Contributory factors that lead to increase of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Capricorn district of Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"D. Ramathuba, Maria R. Ramashala, N. Mashau","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105111","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains the most prevalent source of pediatric HIV infections. The prevalence of HIV is high among South African women of reproductive age, and the transmission of HIV from mothers to children is a serious concern. The study explored contributory factors, which lead to an increase in mother-to-child transmission of HIV at selected clinics in Capricorn district of Limpopo Province. Material and methods: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive exploratory design to uncover factors leading to MTCT of HIV. The target population were professional nurses trained in primary healthcare. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample eighteen participants from Seshego Zone clinics in Capricorn district. Unstructured interviews were conducted and audio-recorded. The transcribed data was analyzed using Tesch’s’ method of data analysis, and presented in themes and sub-themes. Ethical considerations were ensured throughout the study as well as trustworthiness of findings. Results: The study revealed that poor socio-economic status, traditional and religious beliefs, and lack of knowledge of patients were the major factors contributing to an increase of MTCT of HIV as well as system-related factors. However, the study indicated high knowledge about MTCT and HIV among the nurses. Conclusions: The study revealed that patient-related factors cause high prevalence of MTCT of HIV. For community health awareness, it is highly recommended to encourage women to abandon their beliefs in order to promote PMTCT.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86854014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infective endocarditis caused by Brucella melitensis in an HIV-positive patient","authors":"H. S. N. Setty, A. Trivedi, J. Kharge, Sathwik Raj, Phani Teja Mundru, Santhosh Jadav, Y. M. Channabasappa, S. Shankar, T. R. Raghu, R. Patil, C. Manjunath","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107241","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiac complications are becoming more critical in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The risk of infectious complications in HIV-positive patients has decreased with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, but remains high in developing countries, such as India. HIV patients are at increased risk for recurrent bacterial infections due to acquired immune suppression. Case presentation: We describe a case of a 45-year-old HIV-infected male, on antiretroviral therapy for 4 years, with invasive endocarditis. On admission, his CD4+ count was 274 cells/μl. The patient was hemodynamically stable on arrival and was in congestive heart failure. Pallor was present with no peripheral signs of infective endocarditis. 2D echocardiogram revealed vegetations on the tips of anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve, severe mitral regurgitation, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Blood culture was positive for Brucella melitensis . The patient recovered without any sequel after six weeks of antibiotic therapy (gentamycin intravenously + rifampicin p.o.). The patient remains under regular follow-up. Conclusions: Brucellosis in general is a difficult diagnosis to make. Therefore, along with diagnosis, treatment is also delayed leading to devastating outcomes. Cardiac involvement occurs in only 2% of cases but accounts for 80% of mortality due to brucellosis. Brucella endocarditis should be suspected in HIV patients with endocarditis, who have negative blood cultures and risk of exposure. The most accepted treatment for B. endocarditis is a combination of anti-microbial therapy with surgery.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80531050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HIV infection among female sex workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region countries: a systematic review","authors":"L. Abedi, N. Khanjani, H. Sharifi","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111233","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Female sex workers (FSWs) are one of the groups most affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In Eastern Mediterranean (EM) countries, HIV prevalence among FSWs is often extremely high. However, no review has been conducted on FSWs in EM countries. The purpose of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among FSWs in EM countries. Material and methods: Articles published on the prevalence of HIV infection among FSWs in EM countries were searched until September 10, 2020. Appropriate keywords were used in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and IMEMER databases. References of each paper and conference abstracts were additionally searched. Papers were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In total, 21 studies were selected, which were performed in 8 EM countries. The reported prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 0 to 16% among FSWs. The average time women worked as FSWs ranged from 2 to 6 years, and in some papers, FSWs never or rarely used condoms during sexual contact. However, the consistency of using condoms among FSWs was reported as high as 65% in Pakistan, 64% in Lebanon, and 62% In Iran. The prevalence of drug use was high among FSWs, and it ranged from 5% in Pakistan and Sudan, to 91% in Iran and 96.2 % in Egypt. Heterogeneity among the studies and sub-groups was very high, and meta-analysis was not done due to high heterogeneity. Conclusions: The reported prevalence of HIV infection varied differently among female sex workers’ populations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. More studies are needed from different EM countries.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among secondary school teachers in Akinyele LGA, Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state of Nigeria","authors":"A. Yusuf, Ajibola Abdulrahamon Ishola","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.109624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.109624","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing (HCT) is recognized as a critical component of HIV prevention. However, what is of serious concern is the low uptake of HCT among teachers due to issues related to psychosocial factors, whose role has not been examined in the extant literature. This study examined the relationship between psychosocial factors (stigma, perceived barriers, knowledge, belief) and attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among secondary school teachers in Ibadan, Oyo State. Material and methods: The study had a cross-sectional design. Participants (350) were sampled from selected secondary schools through stratified sampling technique. The mean age was 45.68 (SD = 7.72), 57% were female with 11.23 (SD = 3.42) years of experience. A self-report questionnaire containing a standardized instrument was used in the collection of data. Data were analysed using descriptive, multiple regression analysis and Pearson product moment correlation at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The findings revealed that anticipated stigma ( r = –0.39), belief ( r = 0.23), level of knowledge ( r = 0.30), and perceived barriers ( r = –0.46) correlated significantly with attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among teachers. Perceived barriers (β = –0.43, t = –5.56, p = 0.00), anticipated stigma (β = –0.27, t = 4.93, p = 0.00), knowledge (β = 0.26, t = 4.38, p = 0.00) and belief (β = 0.20, t = 2.69, p = 0.00) predicted attitude towards HIV counselling and testing. Conclusions: This study confirms that anticipated stigma, knowledge and perceived barriers to HIV testing influenced attitude towards HCT among teachers. The Health Ministry was advised to provide community-based counselling outreach programmes for teachers, especially those in rural areas. widow betrothal, sexual molestation, unprotected sex and li-quor ingestion have been implicated in HIV testing services [2, 12]. Given this gap, this study intends to determine how anticipated stigma, negative perception, cultural belief and level of knowledge correlate with HIV counselling and testing and among secondary school teachers. The broad aim of this research is to determine the correlates of HIV counselling and testing behaviour among secondary school tutors in Ibadan city. Specifically the study investigates the follow-ing objectives: 1) to investigate if the independent variables (anticipated stigma, religious belief, level of knowledge and perception or barrier) will be significant correlates of the dependent variable (attitude towards HCT among teachers); 2) to examine the contribution of anticipated stigma, religious belief, level of knowledge and perception or barrier to the prediction of attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among teachers. syndrome","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual occurrence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in HIV-positive person with visceral leishmaniasis","authors":"I. Kooli, W. Marrakchi, A. Toumi, A. Aouam, Hammouda Baba, M. Chakroun","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111899","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis is a well-recognized opportunistic infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Unlike adults, in children this infection is frequently associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We report a case of HLH in HIV-positive person with visceral leishmaniasis. Case description: A 25-year-old man known living with HIV since 2013 was admitted to infectious diseases department in March 2017. His clinical examination was clear. His initial viral load was 630,000 copies/mm 3 and CD4+ cells count was 12/mm 3 . No opportunistic infections were noted. The patient was started on antiretroviral therapy. During hospitalization, he developed fever, asthe-nia, rhinorrhea, and odynophagia. The diagnosis of HLH was retained because of pancytopenia, cytolysis, hyponatremia, high level of ferrinemia, and hemophagocytosis. Etiological investigations revealed positive Leishmania PCR. Also, Leishmania was detected in sternal puncture. Patient received meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) 20 mg/kg/day for 21 days with favorable outcomes. To prevent relapse, he received meglumine antimoniate 20 mg/kg/month as long as his CD4+ count was less than 100 cells/mm 3 . After 1-year follow up, no relapse was detected. Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in PLHIV may differ from classic kala-azar. In our case, HLH was the reason for VL discovery.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88504504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of Persian version of quality of life questionnaire in people living with HIV/AIDS (WHOQOL-HIV-BREF)","authors":"A. Dehghan, Z. Heidari, J. Karimi, A. Jafarnezhad, Sanaz Atef, H. Sharifi, M. Farjam","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111877","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess validity and reliability of Persian version of quality of life (QOL) questionnaire in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (WHOQOL-HIV-BREF). Material and methods: A total of 150 HIV/AIDS patients who were referred to Fasa and Larestan Beha vioral Disease Counseling Centers were recruited into the study. WHOQOL-HIV-BREF questionnaire was completed by trained interviewers. Reliability of questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s a coefficient. Construct validity was assessed by item-scale correlation method, and criterion validity was determined with discriminant validity and convergent validity. Results: Cronbach’s α was computed above 0.8 for all dimensions of the questionnaire. Item-convergent validity ranged from 0.38 to 0.83. QOL score was higher in AIDS patients compared with HIV-infected individuals in all dimensions (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The findings of this study show that WHOQOL-HIV-BREF questionnaire provide acceptable validity and reliability for measuring QOL among Persian-speaking HIV/AIDS-infected patients in Iran. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 4: 270-274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111877","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89787952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of telehealth in preventing coronavirus disease in patients with HIV","authors":"M. Zareipour, Ehsan M. Ehsan","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87344046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of social capital and AIDS health literacy with AIDS risk perception in adolescents","authors":"N. R. Gilan, S. Ghasemi, A. Mohamadi, M. Khezeli, F. Heydarpour, Shahab Bahrami","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105112","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major health challenge in recent decades. Poor health knowledge can lead to the faster transmission of HIV in the community. This study aimed to investigate the association of social capital and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) health literacy with AIDS risk perception in Iranian adolescents. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 high school students of Kermanshah city, the west part of Iran, selected by multi-stage sampling method. Respondents filled out social capital, HIV/AIDS health literacy, and AIDS risk perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 using Pearson correlation, regression, ANOVA, and independent t-tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 17.02 ± 0.84 years. The results of independent t-test showed that girls had more scores in family social capital (p = 0.009) and school social capital domains (p = 0.001).There were a moderate and significant correlations between AIDS health literacy with family social capital (r = 0.178; p = 0.001) and AIDS risk perception (r = 0.317; p = 0.009). Also, regression analysis showed that 12.1% of variations in AIDS risk perception were explained by several variables of the study. Conclusions: Considering the relationship between AIDS health literacy and social capital with AIDS risk perception, it can be concluded that the increased power of visual and written analysis and understanding of adolescents, along with cohesion, respect, trust, and mutual understanding in the family, can be a protective factor against HIV disease. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 52-58 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105112","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between social capital and mental health in individuals living with HIV in North of Iran","authors":"F. Bakhshi, Fatemeh Nezamdust, E. K. Leili","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social capital, as one of the determinants of health, has a significant role on mental health of people especially chronic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health and social capital in HIV patients in North of Iran. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 49 persons with HIV referred to the consultation center of welfare organization in 2017 were included. Social capital of participants was measured by Bullen's social capital scale. Mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to determine the condition of mental health. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were applied to investigate the relation between variables. Results: The mean score was 59.2 ± 13.3 for social capital and 31.4 ± 12.2 for mental health. There was a significant relationship between the total score of social capital with better economic condition (p = 0.01, r = 0.33), lower duration of illness (p = 0.001, r = 0.47), and having insurance (p = 0.007, r = 0.38). The correlation between variables showed a negative and significant relationship between dimensions of feeling of trust and safety (r = –0.45, p = 0.002), activity in a social context (r = –0.41, p = 0.004), and value of life (r = –0.81, p = 0.001) with mental health. Conclusions: According to the study results, with increasing attention to health determinants and social capital as one of the international principles of health, mental health of people with AIDS should be promoted. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 33-38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105110","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived knowledge, attitude towards HIV/AIDS, and sexual behavior among migrant workers in Malaysia: a structural path analysis","authors":"Mizanur Rahman, M. Arif, R. Safii, Z. Tambi, Zulkifli Jantan, Mohd Fahmi Ismail","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"11 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74243817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}