{"title":"The Transmission of Substrate Features","authors":"R. Laub","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of the formation of creole syntax have been proposed to explain whether substrates and superstrates influence the resultant creole structures, and if so, what the mechanisms are by which they influence them. Using the framework of feature transfer, this study investigates features in Malacca Portuguese (MP), a Portuguese-based creole spoken in Malaysia. Citing grammatical characteristics such as aspect particles, I investigate similarities between features in MP and Malay, and how these similarities could have transferred from Malay to a Portuguese lexical item to create a grammatical words in MP. . I also discuss short/long variation in personal pronouns, as well as other features such as TAM markers and auxiliaries, and investigate how they have come about from a partial feature transfer from Malay. I propose that in this particular case a substrate has affected creole syntax, and provide evidence of how this has occurred. While a much more substantial exploration of this phenomenon is essential, I put forth a hypothesis about how the short/long distinction in pronouns functions in MP.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78710143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods in Language Documentation and Description: A Guide to the Kelabit Documentation Project","authors":"C. Hemmings","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Kelabit is a Western Austronesian language spoken in Northern Sarawak, Malaysia. This paper provides a guide to the Kelabit documentation project, contextualising the materials collected, and discussing the research methods used. It is hoped that this will make the project outputs more accessible and provide a useful reference for researchers and communities looking to document similar phenomena in related languages.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74292376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining Language Development and Revitalisation Initiatives","authors":"Patricia Nora Riget, Yvonne Michelle Campbell","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines development and revitalisation initiatives for the Bidayuh language, spoken in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Bidayuh has six main variants which are not mutually intelligible. In addition, it is mainly used in rural settings and is not the main language of choice in mixed marriages. Moreover, Bidayuh did not have a standardised orthography until 2003. These factors have affected the development of the language, which is to be contrasted with the Iban language, spoken by the main ethnic group in Sarawak, which is currently offered in primary schools as Pupil’s Own Language (POL) and as an elective subject in the secondary school Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination. The focus of this article is the language development and revitalization initiatives undertaken by various stakeholders between 1963 (the year of the formation of the Federation of Malaysia) and today. Special attention will be paid to the outcome of the Multilingual Education (MLE) project, which is an extension of the Bidayuh Language Development Project (BLDP) initiated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Asia, and undertaken by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) and the Dayak Bidayuh National Association (DBNA). Interviews with representatives of the community were conducted to discover their perceptions towards these initiatives, and to identify factors that might contribute to their success and/or failure. The article ends with some suggestions about how to improve the success of language revitalisation initiatives for Bidayuh.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85746395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language Description, Documentation and Revitalisation of Languages in Malaysia","authors":"P. Austin, S. Pillai","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73558918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identity and Eastern Penan in Borneo","authors":"P. Sercombe","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers aspects of identity among the Eastern Penan of Borneo,[1] in the approximately half century since many have transitioned from full-time hunting and gathering to a partial or fully sedentary existence, in both Brunei Darussalam (henceforth, Brunei) and East Malaysia. Despite settlement, many Eastern Penan continue to project aspects of hunting and gathering behaviour (at both the individual and community level) through a number of traits such as: social organisation, lifestyle, and nostalgia for the past. Nonetheless, following their move to settlement, there has been more continuous and intense interaction with settled neighbours and state proxies. Through this, Eastern Penan have come to demonstrate identity features that align with neighbours, as well as the nation state in each country, in a number of ways. This paper is based on periods of field work (spanning several decades), in both Brunei and East Malaysia, during a time of considerable change, especially regarding how the physical environment has been exploited in Malaysia. This paper provides a snapshot of Eastern Penan identity which, rather than having fundamentally shifted, appears to have diversified over time as reflected through evolving social circumstances and ways these have impinged on lifestyle, language repertoire, and cultural affiliations among the Eastern Penan.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79968848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heritage Language Vitality among University Students in Malaysia","authors":"P. Coluzzi","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multilingual country where over 130 languages are spoken by a population of around 32 million people. In spite of such diversity, only one language is official: Malay. English and Mandarin are very widespread, and in many cases, they are slowly replacing the local ethnic languages. This paper attempts to gauge the extent of language shift and displacement of the family heritage language (the language(s) spoken by parents or grandparents) among 189 students from the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. The ethnolinguistic vitality of these languages within this particular population was determined through a sociolinguistic survey on language use and attitudes. The article closes with some thoughts on the factors that might explain the results obtained, and what could be done to improve the situation.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76290015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family Language Policy in a Hakka Community in Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Chih-i Liao","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol30no1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Hakka has been the lingua franca used among various Chinese groups in Sabah, Malaysia, since the 1950s. Economic development and de-emphasis on ethnic identity within Chinese communities throughout Malaysia is now forcing Sabah Hakkas to confront external pressures on their language and culture. Language shift from Hakka is in progress as young Hakkas prefer speaking Mandarin, while their parents feel responsible for maintaining Hakka. This article presents a case study of family language policies in four Hakka families in Sabah. Whether a particular language is used in the family and passed down to the next generation is one of the significant points of enquiry in studying language shift. In this study, parents’ ethnic identity, children’s language choices, and the factors affecting family language policy are examined. The findings show that the quintessence of Hakka culture in Sabah is the Hakka language, and this helps to keep the language alive at home. However, concern for children’s education and wider social factors such as globalisation, economic changes and the media are influencing language practices in Hakka families.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73699023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to be an engaged intellectual: Case studies and reflections","authors":"G. Jacobs","doi":"10.22452/jml.vol29no1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol29no1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Engaged intellectuals, for the purposes of this paper, are academics who ask themselves what they can do to maximize the role of their academic and other activities in making the world a better place. This paper recounts and reflects on the experiences of the author and others as they have attempted to put their academic and other skills and understandings to the service of the greater good. These experiences touch on such areas as wildlife conservation, gendered images, the relative role of individuals in social change, Social Interdependence Theory, student centered education, free online publications, Creative Commons, Communities of Practice, organizations of intellectuals, poverty alleviation, plant-based eating, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The paper also discusses the author’s own sizeable inadequacies in his attempts to be an engaged intellectuals and the difficulties academics face in changing the world from their place in academia. The author concludes by encouraging intellectuals to make frequent trips outside the familiar comforts of the ivory tower to engage with others in using the many wonders of the modern and natural world to address the many challenges we face.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76236428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vocabulary size and vocabulary learning strategy usage among Chinese undergraduates at Universiti Putra Malaysia","authors":"Yasir Bdaiwi Jasim, Arifur Rahman, Yu-han Ma","doi":"10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.5","url":null,"abstract":"While studies have investigated the strategies used by Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners to learn new words and the relationship with their current vocabulary knowledge, there is a lack of studies that examine the vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) and vocabulary sizes of Chinese students studying abroad in the L2 context. In view of the increasing number of Chinese students studying in ESL communities, this study aims to determine the vocabulary size of Chinese undergraduates at a high-ranking public university in Malaysia – Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) – and to discover the extent to which they employ a range of VLSs. Accordingly, 30 students enrolled in various degree programmes were randomly selected to take part in this study. The vocabulary size test (Schmitt, Schmitt, & Clapham, 2001) and a vocabulary level questionnaire based on Schmitt’s (1997) taxonomy of VLSs were adopted as the data collection instruments. The findings showed that, on average, the participants have a “Threshold” vocabulary size at the 3,000 and the 5,000-word level, which according to Schmitt et al. (2001) enables learners in reading different authentic texts. However, Nation and Beglar (2007), Schmitt and Schmitt (2014), Coxhead, Nation, and Sim (2015) suggested that non-native undergraduates studying in English as a medium of instruction (EMI) colleges and universities require a vocabulary size of 9,000-word family. The findings of this research raised important concerns that require our attention on the Chinese undergraduates studying in EMI context are at risk due to their insufficient vocabulary size. Moreover, results also revealed that the participants used direct VLSs such as memory and cognitive strategies the most. Taken together, the findings of this research provide insights into undergraduates’ overall inadequate vocabulary size, and how different VLSs were employed to cope with academic demands.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88813454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are new sounds learned in an FL context?","authors":"F. Cruz","doi":"10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JML.VOL29NO1.4","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of foreign language learners with multilingual backgrounds have generated much interest in teaching approaches that activate the learners' knowledge of linguistic features in their previously learned languages, while reinforcing cognitive skills attained during previous language learning experiences. Although approaches to multilingual students have commonly involved fostering an awareness of related lexical and syntactical structures between source and target languages, exploring the activation of previous phonetic and phonological knowledge has been far less common. This exploratory study pays particular attention to the acquisition of L3-German vowels in learners with an English L2 and a Philippine language-L1. It charts phonetic production in a population of 22 Filipino students who have received explicit phonetic instruction, albeit with varying L3-German proficiency levels. The results suggest that appropriate training and increased proficiency can lead to the creation of new phonetic categories for previously unknown sounds that are distinct from already existing vowel spaces in the L1, L2 and L3.","PeriodicalId":53718,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages & Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}