Medicine, Conflict and Survival最新文献

{"title":"Banning women from public spaces in Afghanistan: the health and economic consequences of the new regulation.","authors":"Maihan Abdullah, Mohammad Yasir Essar, Ahmad Siyar Noormal, Shugufa Basij- Rasikh, Michael G Head, Jesse B Bump","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2221907","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2221907","url":null,"abstract":"T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Takemi Program in International Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Global Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Afghanistan National Charity Organization for Special Diseases, Kabul, Afghanistan; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, University of Hawaii, USA; Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Global Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 3","pages":"247-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10227170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the roles for health professionals in addressing the rising threat of the use of nuclear weapons? With particular reference to the activities of the Medical Association for the Prevention of War 1951-1963.","authors":"Jack Burnett","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2231691","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2231691","url":null,"abstract":"The question of nuclear weapons is as pressing now as it ever has been in my lifetime. Recent Lancet correspondence argues that ‘the ongoing conflict in Ukraine [. . .] has made clear that nuclear war is closer than ever’ (Bisceglia and Fateh-Moghadam 2022, 159). For similar reasons, the Bulletin’s doomsday clock is 90 seconds to midnight, the closest it has even been set (Spinazze 2023). This is in spite of the 2021 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons being ratified by the UN, in which participating nations agree to ‘not develop, test, produce, acquire, possess, stockpile, use or threaten to use nuclear weapons’ (UN 2021). There is a long history of nuclear weapons being framed as a public health issue. Like climate change, many see resistance as a constituent part of medical duty and believe that ‘the medical community must prevent what we cannot cure’ (Helfand, Junkkari, and Onazi 2014, 739). Giorgio Cosmacini, a historian of medicine, argued in reference to the two world wars the shortcomings of a neutral medical community:","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 3","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10584617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy versus practice: Syrian refugee doctors in Egypt.","authors":"Andrew Ghobrial, Ammar Sabouni, Diana Rayes, Saad Janoudi, Yamama Bdaiwi, Natasha Howard, Aula Abbara","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2229215","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2229215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in streamlining processes which allow refugee doctors and other healthcare workers to make up for the shortfall in healthcare delivery, which many countries are facing increasingly. The protracted conflict in Syria is the biggest driver of forced displacement internationally with refugees, including healthcare workers seeking safety in host countries, however many face challenges to entering the workforce in a timely manner. The majority are in countries surrounding Syria (Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey) however the restrictive labour policies in these countries, particularly for healthcare workers have forced many to look further afield to Europe or the Gulf. Egypt's context is interesting in this regard, as it hosts a smaller number of registered Syrian refugees and was initially welcoming of Syrian medical students and doctors. However, recent socio-political changes have led to restrictions in training and work, leading doctors who initially considering staying in Egypt to increasingly consider it a transit country rather than a destination country. Here, we explore the processes by which Syrian doctors in Egypt can work and how documented policies may differ to practice. We do this through a document review and from the first-hand experiences of the authors.</p>","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 3","pages":"222-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10218788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEGASUS McGill courses: a model for educating on current threats to health in the Anthropocene.","authors":"Neil Arya,&nbsp;Navya Vikraman Nair","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2211698","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2211698","url":null,"abstract":"As today’s world becomes more clearly interconnected, critical areas of intersection affecting global health include migration, conflict, and the environment. To help inform global citizens, academics, public health practitioners, policymakers, health professionals and students to approach these issues as we seek collective action, the PEGASUS Institute has partnered with McGill University to offer a summer series in a Summer Institute to design an educational programme on the current threats to health in the Anthropocene, the geological epoch defined by human activity’s significant impact on the planet. These courses explore the impact of issues such as climate change, resource depletion, and conflict on the health of populations and individuals and emphasize the interconnectedness of such issues, as for example how environmental degradation can exacerbate migration promoting conflict, each of which have negative consequences for health, but also can in turn promote migration and environmental degradation. Further, they seek to help develop frameworks for solutions, incorporating concepts of equity and global justice. McGill University’s Summer Institutes in Global Health began in 2015 with courses focused on research and infectious disease, and now have expanded to over 50 global health courses with 5000 participants. In 2021 as the new non-profit began, Board member Charles Larson, Director of the McGill Global Health Programs, suggested we develop courses related to our themes 25 as a form of outreach and minimal revenue generation. PEGASUS Institute, a new Canadian educational non-profit founded at the end of 2020 has recently become a charity. From 2014 it developed out of biennial conferences examining global health (with underserved populations locally and internationally) at its nexus with Peace and Sustainability; when the pandemic meant the cancellation of the April 2020 conferences, we were forced to pivot to webinar sessions focused on equity, networking and refugee health professionals. Bringing together practitioners, researchers,","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 3","pages":"264-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10584041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging nuclearism: a humanitarian approach to reshape the global nuclear order","authors":"J. Loretz","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2243040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2243040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43078896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disgrace: global reflections on sexual violence","authors":"H. Croft","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2239619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2239619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"308 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis – how germs made history","authors":"A. Maryon-Davis","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2233141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2233141","url":null,"abstract":"and hashtag feminism more generally, for example. While acknowledging the strengths of #MeToo in providing a sense of solidarity for survivors of sexual abuse, Bourke argues that the #MeToo movement became too individualized – focusing on the stories of individual women, often those who already had a voice in the media, rather than systemic misogyny and violence. As Bourke writes, ‘Disclosing stories of sexual abuse can became a form of neo-liberal self-fashioning rather than a feminist strategy for social transformation. The political becomes personal’ (36). Yet despite the limitations of #MeToo and the huge challenge of uprooting the underlying ideological and structural inequalities that underpin sexual violence, Bourke ends her book on an optimistic note. The movements that have developed around the globe against rape offer hope for change – from the #MeToo movement to street protests against sexual violence in Argentina, India and in many other examples in the book, to the chant of resistance of ‘A rapist in your path’, which started this review. Bourke takes inspiration in ‘transversialism’, a concept coined by feminist activists in Bologna in the 1990s and which aimed to bring together political adversaries to fight for a shared feminist goal. It is by recognizing and acknowledging our differences and diversity, and by giving voice to those most marginalized, that we can begin to forge the kind of solidarity needed in the struggle to eradicate sexual violence. Each one of us, suggests Bourke, can make a difference in our own workplaces, communities and localities, however small a step this might at first seem. By combining rigorous historical and theoretical analysis with stories of such resistance from around the world, Bourke’s book will aid all of those taking such steps to campaign for a world free from sexual violence – and as such it will be an invaluable resource for scholars and activists alike.","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"310 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59835499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dutch newspapers on war victims and their LSD-treatment by Jan Bastiaans, from KZ-syndrome to PTSD","authors":"E. Jones","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2233830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2233830","url":null,"abstract":"the great influenza pandemic of 1918 had less impact on the combatants – too late to affect the course of the war – than on the civilian population and post-war recovery, particularly in depleted Germany where economic hardship led to the eventual rise of Nazism. Kennedy concludes with COVID-19 and his thoughts on how this and the inevitable pandemics to follow will continue to shape not only our everyday lives and livelihoods but also geopolitics and the world order. He sees COVID-19 as having weakened the West and boosted the preeminence of China. This latest pandemic has yet again highlighted the perennial plight of the world’s poor, who are always more susceptible and suffer most during such insults, and his final plea is that the global community must work more effectively and harmoniously together to build a more equitable world if we are to stand a better chance of beating the next great battle against the ever-resourceful bugs. Pathogenesis is a hugely enjoyable and informative read. It’s a romp through the main seismic shifts of history, peppered with fascinating asides drawn from politics, economics and the arts. There are frequent references to such modern memes as Tolkien, Monty Python and Game of Thrones. All in all, Kennedy’s book is a refreshingly lively and contemporary take on McNeill’s Plagues and Peoples, and one which no doubt Carlyle, were he alive today, would find intriguing, if not entirely convincing.","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"313 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-deployment security training in humanitarian aid: a commentary.","authors":"Alexander Nikolaus Hasenstab,&nbsp;Tom Smith","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2188568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2188568","url":null,"abstract":"Man-made threats such as crime and armed conflict as well as natural, health and safety hazards are repeatedly a concern for aid workers. While helping others who are in need of humanitarian assistance, aid workers sometimes risk their lives. Major events untowardly affecting aid workers are regularly reported in the media (Guidero 2020, 1). Yet, many less severe incidents or accidents often go unnoticed by the aid community as well as the public. To reduce security and safety risks, aid agencies have taken steps to advance their security risk management (SRM). From the authors’ perspective, the efforts made by the humanitarian aid community in relation to advancing SRM may surpass those by the for-profit sector, but contemporary approaches to SRM are not only commended but also challenged. For example, Neuman, Espada, and Read (2019, 1) are concerned that humanitarian SRM is being tackled as ‘an isolated and distinct issue’ and not addressed in conjunction with the broader facets of humanitarian assistance, including the underlying social relationships which develop from working in the field. Other concerns include international aid workers’ physical and emotional seclusion from the populations they serve and their sheltering in highly protected facilities (Duffield 2012, 478), and disparate security and safety measures (e.g. security training) between international and local/national aid workers (GISF 2020, 21). And while some question the concept of mainstream aid worker security training (e.g. Duffield 2012), others such as the United Nations view it positively (UNDSS 2018, 22). A prima facie look at humanitarian SRM suggests that most SRM activities, including security training, take place in the field while aid workers are already on assignment, and that the extent of and approach to especially predeployment security training (PDST) are unclear. PDST is training undertaken prior to the commencement of a humanitarian aid assignment to enhance aid workers’ security and safety skills and knowledge to maintain their wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 2","pages":"172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10014474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year outcomes of two community-based mental health interventions for Afro-Colombian survivors of the armed conflict and displacement.","authors":"Francisco Javier Bonilla-Escobar,&nbsp;Daniel Tobon-Garcia,&nbsp;Luz A Cordoba-Castro,&nbsp;Sara G Pacichana-Quinayaz,&nbsp;Andrés Fandiño-Losada,&nbsp;María I Gutierrez-Martinez","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2196500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2196500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study is to assess the middle-term effects (1 year after intervention) of two community-based mental health interventions, Common Elements Treatment Approach intervention, CETA, and Narrative Community Group Therapy intervention, NCGT, in two cities of the Colombian Pacific region (Buenaventura and Quibdó). A follow-up study was conducted on a cohort of trial participants. In this trial, the positive effects of two mental health interventions were evaluated; assessment was carried out in separate groups (CETA arm, NCGT arm and a control group) of the reduction of symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and function impaired mentality. The participants were Afro-Colombian survivors of the armed conflict and displacement living in Buenaventura and Quibdó. They were surveyed using the same instrument used in the original trial. Intent-to-treat analyses were performed, and longitudinal mixed-effects regression models with random effects were used to analyse the middle-term effects of the interventions. At 1-year post-intervention, participants in Buenaventura who received the CETA intervention experienced a decrease in depression (-0.23; p = 0.02), post-traumatic stress symptoms (-0.23; p = 0.02) and total mental health symptoms (-0.14; p = 0.048). In Quibdó, the NCGT intervention significantly improved function impairment (-0.30; p = 0.005). CETA and NCGT interventions have the potential to maintain a reduction of mental health symptoms in participants from the Colombian Pacific region.</p>","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 2","pages":"132-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}